Characterization of dietary protein in Brassica carinata meal when used as a protein supplement for beef cattle consuming a forage-based diet

Abstract As a novel oilseed crop in Florida, Brassica carinata has the capacity of producing high-quality jet biofuel, with a protein-dense meal (~40% crude protein; CP) obtained as a byproduct of oil extraction. Characterization of the meal protein is limited, yet necessary for formulation of beef cattle diets; therefore, the objective of this experiment was to determine ruminal and post-ruminal digestibility of protein from B. carinata. Eight ruminally-cannulated Angus crossbred steers (473 ± 119 kg) were used in a duplicated 4 × 4 Latin square design, in which in situ ruminal and post-ruminal degradability of nutrients were evaluated. The three-step in vitro procedure was used to compare CP and amino acid degradation in B. carinata meal pellets (BCM) with that of cottonseed meal (CSM), dry distillers grains with solubles (DDGS), and soybean meal (SBM). In situ bags were incubated in the rumen for 0 to 96 h, with the undegraded supplement remaining after 16 h subjected to serial in vitro enzymatic solutions. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Ruminal rate of degradation of dry matter, organic matter, and CP was greatest (P ˂ 0.01; 10.9, 11.3, and 11.5 %/h, respectively) for SBM. Rumen degradable protein content did not differ (RDP; P = 0.20; 47.8 and 55.1%, respectively) between CSM and DDGS, but was decreased (P ˂ 0.01) compared with SBM and BCM, which did not differ (P = 0.99; 72.3 and 71.8% RDP, respectively). Compared with DDGS, SBM had greater (P < 0.01) intestinal digestibility of rumen undegradable protein (RUP). Intestinally absorbable digestible protein (IADP) was greatest (P < 0.01) for CSM, with SBM and BCM having the least IADP. Total tract digestibility of CP (TTDP) was greater (P < 0.01) for SBM compared with CSM and DDGS. The contribution of RUP to intestinally absorbable amino acids was 7.2 and 3.1 g of lysine and methionine per kilogram of CP in BCM, respectively. The evaluation of Brassica carinata meal as protein supplemented for cattle consuming a forage-based diet resulted in 71.8% RDP and 97.1% TTDP, thus indicating its viability as a high-quality protein supplement for beef cattle.

Download Full-text

Enlisting the Ixodes scapularis Embryonic ISE6 Cell Line to Investigate the Neuronal Basis of Tick—Pathogen Interactions

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10010070 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 70

Author(s):

Lourdes Mateos-Hernández ◽

Natália Pipová ◽

Eléonore Allain ◽

Céline Henry ◽

Clotilde Rouxel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Line ◽

Peripheral Nerves ◽

Ixodes Scapularis ◽

Embryonic Cell ◽

Cell Subpopulation ◽

In Vivo Experiments

Neuropeptides are small signaling molecules expressed in the tick central nervous system, i.e., the synganglion. The neuronal-like Ixodes scapularis embryonic cell line, ISE6, is an effective tool frequently used for examining tick–pathogen interactions. We detected 37 neuropeptide transcripts in the I. scapularis ISE6 cell line using in silico methods, and six of these neuropeptide genes were used for experimental validation. Among these six neuropeptide genes, the tachykinin-related peptide (TRP) of ISE6 cells varied in transcript expression depending on the infection strain of the tick-borne pathogen, Anaplasma phagocytophilum. The immunocytochemistry of TRP revealed cytoplasmic expression in a prominent ISE6 cell subpopulation. The presence of TRP was also confirmed in A. phagocytophilum-infected ISE6 cells. The in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry of TRP of I. scapularis synganglion revealed expression in distinct neuronal cells. In addition, TRP immunoreaction was detected in axons exiting the synganglion via peripheral nerves as well as in hemal nerve-associated lateral segmental organs. The characterization of a complete Ixodes neuropeptidome in ISE6 cells may serve as an effective in vitro tool to study how tick-borne pathogens interact with synganglion components that are vital to tick physiology. Therefore, our current study is a potential stepping stone for in vivo experiments to further examine the neuronal basis of tick–pathogen interactions.

Download Full-text

Effect of monensin on in vitro semi-continuous rumen fermentation in the rumen simulation technique (Rusitec)

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0308229600031767 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 1996 ◽

pp. 213-213

Author(s):

E.D. Mackintosh ◽

R.H. Phipps ◽

J.D. Sutton ◽

J. Wilkinson

Keyword(s):

Volatile Fatty Acid ◽

Latin Square ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Protein Supplement ◽

Wheat Grain ◽

Maize Silage ◽

Grass Silage ◽

Complete Diet ◽

Holstein Friesian

Rusitec (Czerkawski and Breckenndge, 1977) lias been widely used to study factors which affect rumen fermentation such as monensin, monensin-propionate, abierixin, calcimycin and Aspergillus oryzae (Bogaert et al., 1990; Newbold et al., 1993). Monensin is a grain-positive ionophore which modifies rumen fermentation. The objective of the current study was to determine the effect of monensin on molar proportions of volatile fatty acid (VFA) produced from diets which varied in foragexoncentrate ratio.Four Rusitec vessels (800 ml) were used in an extended Latin Square design with 2 blocks, 2 treatments and 3 periods, each lasting 14 days. To initiate each period, inocula was recovered from the same lactating Holstein-Friesian cow (∽650 kg). All vessels received 15 g DM/day of a complete diet which contained maize silage, grass silage, NaOH treated wheat grain and a protein supplement in three foragexoncentrate ratios; 25:75 (L), 50:50 (M) and 75:25 (H).

Download Full-text

In situ and in vitro techniques for estimating degradation parameters and digestibility of diets based on maize or sorghum

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859620000271 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 158 (1-2) ◽

pp. 150-158 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

B. C. Silva ◽

M. V. C. Pacheco ◽

L. A. Godoi ◽

F. A. S. Silva ◽

D. Zanetti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Latin Square ◽

In Vitro Techniques ◽

Sorghum Grains ◽

Sorghum Silage ◽

The Individual ◽

Individual Grains

AbstractAn experiment was conducted to evaluate: (1) the effects of ensiling maize or sorghum grains after reconstitution on readily soluble fraction (a), potentially degradable fraction in the rumen (b) and rate constant for degradation of b (c) of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and starch (STA); and (2) an appropriate incubation time for in situ or in vitro procedures to estimate in vivo digestibility. Four rumen-cannulated Nellore bulls (body weight = 262 ± 19.6 kg) distributed in a 4 × 4 Latin square were used. Diets were based on dry ground maize (DGM); or dry ground sorghum (DGS); or reconstituted ground maize silage; or reconstituted ground sorghum silage. In vitro and in situ incubations of the individual grains and diets were simultaneously performed with in vivo digestibility. In general, reconstituted grains and diets based on reconstituted grains presented greater (P < 0.05) fraction a and lower (P < 0.05) fraction b of DM, OM and STA compared to dry grains and diets based on dry grain. However, the magnitude of response of the reconstitution and ensiling process on DM and OM degradability parameter was greater for maize than that for sorghum. Moreover, no differences (P > 0.05) were observed between DGM- and DGS-based diets for c estimates. The results suggest that the reconstitution process promotes grains protein matrix breakdown increasing STA availability. The incubation times required for in vivo digestibility estimations of DM, OM and STA are 24 h for in situ and 36 h for in vitro procedures.

Download Full-text

Phenotypical in-situ and in-vitro characterization of canine dorsal root ganglia neurons and satellite glial cells reveal the presence of a unique glial precursor cell population

Journal of Comparative Pathology ◽

10.1016/j.jcpa.2014.10.115 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 152 (1) ◽

pp. 73

Author(s):

K. Hahn ◽

A. Lehmbecker ◽

Y. Wang ◽

A. Habierski ◽

K. Kegler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glial Cells ◽

Dorsal Root ◽

Precursor Cell ◽

Satellite Glial Cells ◽

In Vitro Characterization ◽

Dorsal Root Ganglia Neurons ◽

Glial Precursor

Download Full-text

Growth and Characterization of Single Crystal Epitaxial CoGa on MBE Grown III-V Semiconductors

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-144-613 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 144 ◽

Author(s):

K. C. Garrison ◽

C. J. Palmstrøm ◽

R. A. Bartynski

Keyword(s):

Substrate Temperature ◽

Single Crystal ◽

Single Crystals ◽

Structural Quality ◽

High Quality ◽

Auger Analysis ◽

Post Deposition

ABSTRACTWe have demonstrated growth of high quality single crystal CoGa films on Ga1−xAlxAs. These films were fabricated in-situ by codeposition of Co and Ga on MBE grown Ga1−xAlxAs(100) surfaces. The elemental composition of the films was determined using Rutherford Backscattering (RBS) and in-situ Auger analysis. The structural quality of the films' surfaces was studied using RHEED (during deposition) and LEED (post deposition). RBS channeling was used to determine the bulk crystalline quality of these films.For ∼500 Å CoGa films grown at ∼450°C substrate temperature, channeling data showed good quality epitaxial single crystals [χmin ∼7%] with minimal dechanneling at the interface.

Download Full-text

In vitro characterization of an injectable in situ forming composite system for bone reconstruction

Polymer Degradation and Stability ◽

10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.05.001 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 119 ◽

pp. 151-158 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

R. Dorati ◽

C. Colonna ◽

I. Genta ◽

A. De Trizio ◽

T. Modena ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Composite System ◽

Bone Reconstruction ◽

In Situ Forming ◽

In Vitro Characterization

Download Full-text

Characterization of distinct mesenchymal-like cell populations from human skeletal muscle in situ and in vitro

Experimental Cell Research ◽

10.1016/j.yexcr.2010.04.020 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 316 (15) ◽

pp. 2513-2526 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

Séverine Lecourt ◽

Jean-Pierre Marolleau ◽

Olivia Fromigué ◽

Karine Vauchez ◽

Rina Andriamanalijaona ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Human Skeletal Muscle ◽

Cell Populations

Download Full-text

Characterization of the Exoglucanase-Encoding Gene PaEXG2 and Study of Its Role in the Biocontrol Activity of Pichia anomala Strain K

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto.2003.93.9.1145 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 93 (9) ◽

pp. 1145-1152 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

Cathy Grevesse ◽

Philippe Lepoivre ◽

Mohamed Haïssam Jijakli

Keyword(s):

Marker Gene ◽

Glycosylation Site ◽

Pichia Anomala ◽

Gene Encoding ◽

Biocontrol Activity ◽

Monophosphate Decarboxylase ◽

Uracil Auxotroph

The PaEXG2 gene, encoding an exo-β-1,3-glucanase, was isolated from the biocontrol agent Pichia anomala strain K. PaEXG2 has the capacity for coding an acidic protein of 427 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 45.7 kDa, a calculated pI of 4.7, and one potential N-glycosylation site. PaEXG2 was disrupted by the insertion of the URA3 marker gene, encoding orotidine monophosphate decarboxylase in strain KU1, a uracil auxotroph derived from strain K. Strain KU1 showed inferior biocontrol activity and colonization of wounds on apples, compared to the prototrophic strain. Antagonism and colonization were recovered after the restoration of prototrophy by transformation with the URA3 gene. Integrative transformation was shown to be mostly ectopic in strain K descendants (only 4% of integration by homologous recombination). PaEXG2 disruption abolished all detectable extracellular exo-β-1,3-glucanase activity in vitro and in situ but did not affect biocontrol of Botrytis cinerea on wounded apples.

Download Full-text