144 The Effect of Pre-farrow Meal Time on Onset of Parturition in Swine

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 136-136
Author(s):  
Dalton Obermier ◽  
Amanda Uitermarkt ◽  
Hyatt Frobose ◽  
Benny E Mote ◽  
Megan Eickhoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Model ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Concomitant Increase ◽  
Model Function ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
Meal Time ◽  
Selection For ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Genetic selection for increased litter size has resulted in a concomitant increase in stillborn rates in modern genetic lines. In commercial farms, pre-parturient sows are typically fed during daytime hours with a high percentage of farrowings occurring unassisted overnight. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine if feeding time can influence the onset of parturition to better align with farm staff hours and increase available assistance. A total of 1,016 sows were used in a commercial farm in Nebraska, USA, to determine the impact of pre-farrow meal time on onset of parturition. Sows were assigned to either control (0700) or alternative (0200) feeding treatments upon entry to farrowing room (~d112 of gestation) and all sows received 2.23 kg daily. Daily feeding time and quantity was controlled with the use of electronic feeders (Gestal SOLO; JYGA Technologies, Inc.). Farrowings had 24 hr monitoring with traits recorded including onset (ON), duration (DUR), piglet interval (PI), and stillborn percentage (SB). The linear model function (lm) in RStudio was used for regression estimates. Alternative sows farrowed earlier (P < 0.05; 1204 vs. 1256 hr) than control-fed sows. Alternative sows also tended to have shorter DUR (P < 0.10; 6.05 vs. 6.19 hr) and narrower PI times (P < 0.10; 22.98 vs. 24.13 min) than control-fed sows. Stillborn percentage decreased (P < 0.05; 8.53 vs. 9.68%) in alternative sows compared to control-fed sows. Combining ON and DUR, we calculated farrowing completion. Alternative fed sows finished parturition earlier (P < 0.05; 1813 vs. 1929 hr) than control fed sows. These results suggest that the alternative strategy can result in earlier onsets, shorter piglet interval and farrowing duration, and a lower stillborn rate when compared to those fed the control strategy and should especially be of interest to farms without labor for 24hr farrowing assistance.

Genetic progress in broiler traits – implications for welfare

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 50-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. C. Fleming ◽  
C. Fisher ◽  
J. McAdam
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Rapid Growth Rate ◽  
Fundamental Cause ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Health And Mortality

Genetic selection has dramatically increased the growth potential of broilers. A positive correlation exists between growth rate and the occurrence of leg disorders (Sørensen et al., 1999), and rapid growth rate is widely presumed to be a fundamental cause of leg ill-health in the modern broiler. However, it is recognised that the simultaneous improvement of growth rate and reduction in incidence of leg disorders is possible (Sørensen, 1992). The objective of this study was to explore the impact that selection for growth has had on broiler welfare, as measured by leg health and mortality, using data from genetic control strains.

Genetic progress in broiler traits – implications for body composition

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 67-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.C. Fleming ◽  
C. Fisher ◽  
J. McAdam
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Selection For ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Meat Type

Genetic selection has dramatically increased the potential for growth, feed efficiency and yield in meat type broilers. It is a widely held belief that these improvements in genetic potential have produced a broiler that is lower in fat content. However, some recent work has implied that the Modern broiler is actually fatter than its counterpart of 30 years ago (Wang et al., 2004). The objective of this study was to explore the impact that selection for growth rate and yield has had on broiler body composition.

scholarly journals Onchocerciasis control in Ghana (1974–2016)

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nana-Kwadwo Biritwum ◽  
Dziedzom K. de Souza ◽  
Odame Asiedu ◽  
Benjamin Marfo ◽  
Uche Veronica Amazigo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Vector Control ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Ivermectin Treatment ◽  
Mobile Community ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Onchocerciasis Control

Abstract Background The control of onchocerciasis in Ghana started in 1974 under the auspices of the Onchocerciasis Control Programme (OCP). Between 1974 and 2002, a combination of approaches including vector control, mobile community ivermectin treatment, and community-directed treatment with ivermectin (CDTI) were employed. From 1997, CDTI became the main control strategy employed by the Ghana OCP (GOCP). This review was undertaken to assess the impact of the control interventions on onchocerciasis in Ghana between 1974 and 2016, since which time the focus has changed from control to elimination. Methods In this paper, we review programme data from 1974 to 2016 to assess the impact of control activities on prevalence indicators of onchocerciasis. This review includes an evaluation of CDTI implementation, microfilaria (Mf) prevalence assessments and rapid epidemiological mapping of onchocerciasis results. Results This review indicates that the control of onchocerciasis in Ghana has been very successful, with a significant decrease in the prevalence of infection from 69.13% [95% confidence interval) CI 60.24–78.01] in 1975 to 0.72% (95% CI 0.19–1.26) in 2015. Similarly, the mean community Mf load decreased from 14.48 MF/skin snip in 1975 to 0.07 MF/skin snip (95% CI 0.00–0.19) in 2015. Between 1997 and 2016, the therapeutic coverage increased from 58.50 to 83.80%, with nearly 100 million ivermectin tablets distributed. Conclusions Despite the significant reduction in the prevalence of onchocerciasis in Ghana, there are still communities with MF prevalence above 1%. As the focus of the GOCP has changed from the control of onchocerciasis to its elimination, both guidance and financial support are required to ensure that the latter goal is met.

Genetic selection for nonstructural carbohydrates and its impact on other nutritive attributes of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa ) forage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Claessens ◽  
Marie Bipfubusa ◽  
Caroline Chouinard‐Michaud ◽  
Annick Bertrand ◽  
Gaëtan F. Tremblay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Nonstructural Carbohydrates ◽  
Selection For

scholarly journals Identifying Critical Binder Attributes to Facilitate Binder Selection for Efficient Formulation Development in a Continuous Twin Screw Wet Granulation Process

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 210
Author(s):  
Lise Vandevivere ◽  
Maxine Vangampelaere ◽  
Christoph Portier ◽  
Cedrine de Backere ◽  
Olaf Häusler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dissolution Kinetics ◽  
Wet Granulation ◽  
Continuous Manufacturing ◽  
Formulation Development ◽  
Granulation Process ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Poorly Soluble ◽  
Selection For ◽  
The Impact

The suitability of pharmaceutical binders for continuous twin-screw wet granulation was investigated as the pharmaceutical industry is undergoing a switch from batch to continuous manufacturing. Binder selection for twin-screw wet granulation should rely on a scientific approach to enable efficient formulation development. Therefore, the current study identified binder attributes affecting the binder effectiveness in a wet granulation process of a highly soluble model excipient (mannitol). For this formulation, higher binder effectiveness was linked to fast activation of the binder properties (i.e., fast binder dissolution kinetics combined with low viscosity attributes and good wetting properties by the binder). As the impact of binder attributes on the granulation process of a poorly soluble formulation (dicalcium phosphate) was previously investigated, this enabled a comprehensive comparison between both formulations in current research focusing on binder selection. This comparison revealed that binder attributes that are important to guide binder selection differ in function of the solubility of the formulation. The identification of critical binder attributes in the current study enables rational and efficient binder selection for twin-screw granulation of well soluble and poorly soluble formulations. Binder addition proved especially valuable for a poorly soluble formulation.

scholarly journals Influence of Genetic Selection for Growth and Broodstock Diet n-3 LC-PUFA Levels on Reproductive Performance of Gilthead Seabream, Sparus aurata

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 519
Author(s):  
Shajahan Ferosekhan ◽  
Serhat Turkmen ◽  
Cathaysa Pérez-García ◽  
Hanlin Xu ◽  
Ana Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Growth Trait ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Gilthead Seabream ◽  
Commercial Diet ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Broodstock Diet

Genetic selection in gilthead seabream (GSB), Sparus aurata, has been undertaken to improve the growth, feed efficiency, fillet quality, skeletal deformities and disease resistance, but no study is available to delineate the effect of genetic selection for growth trait on GSB reproductive performance under mass spawning condition. In this study, high growth (HG) or low growth (LG) GSB broodstock were selected to evaluate the sex steroid hormones, sperm, egg quality and reproductive performance under different feeding regime of commercial diet or experimental broodstock diet containing either fish oil (FO) or vegetable oil (VO) based diet. Under commercial diet feeding phase, broodstock selected for either high growth or low growth did not show any significant changes in the egg production per kg female whereas egg viability percentage was positively (p = 0.014) improved by the high growth trait broodstock group. The experimental diet feeding results revealed that both growth trait and dietary fatty acid composition influenced the reproductive performance of GSB broodstock. In the experimental diet feeding phase, we observed high growth trait GSB males produced a higher number of sperm cells (p < 0.001) and also showed a higher sperm motility (p = 0.048) percentage. The viable egg and larval production per spawn per kg female were significantly improved by the broodstock selected for high growth trait and fed with fish oil-based diet. This present study results signifies that gilthead seabream broodstock selected on growth trait could have positive role in improvement of sperm and egg quality to produce viable progeny.

scholarly journals Quadrature Voltage Compensation in the Isolated Multi-Modular Converter

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 529
Author(s):  
Cristian Verdugo ◽  
Jose Ignacio Candela ◽  
Pedro Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Phase Voltage ◽  
Multilevel Converters ◽  
Photovoltaic Panels ◽  
Circulating Current ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Voltage Compensation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Modular Converter ◽  
The Impact

Series connections of modules in cascaded multilevel converters are prone to power imbalances due to voltage differences on their DC side. When modules are connected to direct current (DC) sources, such as photovoltaic panels, the capability of withstanding power imbalances is crucial for generating the maximum power. In order to provide a possible solution for this requirement, this paper proposes a control strategy called Quadrature Voltage Compensation, which allows a wide range of power imbalances. The proposed control strategy regulates the power by introducing a circulating current between the arms and a phase angle in the output voltage. The impact of the circulating current and its effect on the phase voltage are studied. To highlight the features of the proposed strategy, an analytical model based on vector superposition is also described, demonstrating the strong capability of tolerating power differences. Finally, to validate the effectiveness of the Quadrature Voltage Compensation, simulation and experimental results are presented for a three-phase isolated multi-modular converter.

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