351 Awardee Talk: Advances in Animal Nutrition Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 193-193
Author(s):  
David L Harmon
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Skill Sets ◽  
Nutrition Research ◽  
Genomic Tools ◽  
Growth Promotants ◽  
Traditional Approaches

Abstract The major focus of animal nutrition studies is the efficient production of meat, milk, and eggs. Much has changed in animal nutrition over the past forty years that have facilitated these improvements in efficiencies. While advances in technologies have been quantum and research methodologies have improved yet there remains a need for traditional methodologies. Feed intake, growth rate, and feed efficiency still define success. Nutrient balance and digestibility studies, which originated in the 1800s, provide much-needed information regarding the value of feedstuffs. Bioassays are still needed to ascertain the requirements of each nutrient as these are ever-changing because animals are ever-changing. Genetic improvement dictates that requirements be continually reassessed and refined. Technologies that impact animal production, e.g. growth promotants, ionophores, repartitioning agents, hormones, nutraceuticals, etc. may all impact these requirements and should be considered. The challenge for the next generation of researchers will be to interface the technologies, genomic tools, and traditional approaches to provide targeted nutritional strategies tailored for individual genetic potential. Researchers must have a broader grasp of all the available tools if we ever hope to fully implement technologies and interface these with new knowledge to provide optimal nutrition. Changes in consumer preferences will continue to provide new challenges that must be met by research from a continually decreasing pool of researchers. This too will necessitate broader skill sets and increased multi-disciplinary support. The next 40 years will bring even greater changes and challenges. Animal agriculture must continue to improve. A goal of increased efficiency will not be enough. We must improve on every aspect of health, well-being, and perception. Nutrition research will be a component of these improvements but improving technologies will permit the evaluation of much more. Consumers will demand an optimum existence be demonstrated for each animal.

scholarly journals Zinc Supplements in COVID-19 Pathogenesis-Current Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Majeed M ◽  
◽  
Chavez M ◽  
Nagabhushanam K ◽  
Mundkur L ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Zinc Supplement ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Nutrition Research ◽  
Zinc Supplements

Zinc is an indispensable trace element required for several critical functions of the human body. Deficiencies of micronutrients can impair immune function and increase susceptibility to infectious disease. It is noteworthy that higher susceptibility to the SARS-CoV-2 viral infection is seen in individuals with micronutrient deficiencies and poorer overall nutrition. Research in the last two decades suggests that one-third of the global population may be deficient in zinc, which affects the health and well-being of individuals of all ages and gender. Zinc deficiency is now considered one of the factors associated with susceptibility to infection and the detrimental progression of COVID-19. The trace element is essential for immunocompetence and antiviral activity, rendering zinc supplements highly popular and widely consumed. Zinc supplements are required in small doses daily, and their absorption is affected by food rich in fiber and phytase. The organic forms of zinc such as picolinate, citrate, acetate, gluconate, and the monomethionine complexes are better absorbed and have biological effects at lower doses than inorganic salts. Considering the present global scenario, choosing the right zinc supplement is essential for maintaining good health. In the present review, we reexamine the role of zinc in immunity and antiviral activity and a comparative account of different forms of zinc supplements.

Portfolio careers for medical graduates: implications for postgraduate training and workforce planning

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harris A. Eyre ◽  
Rob D. Mitchell ◽  
Will Milford ◽  
Nitin Vaswani ◽  
Steven Moylan
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Junior Doctors ◽  
Health Service Provision ◽  
Skill Sets ◽  
Speciality Training ◽  
Medical Career

Portfolio careers in medicine can be defined as significant involvement in one or more portfolios of activity beyond a practitioner’s primary clinical role, either concurrently or in sequence. Portfolio occupations may include medical education, research, administration, legal medicine, the arts, engineering, business and consulting, leadership, politics and entrepreneurship. Despite significant interest among junior doctors, portfolios are poorly integrated with prevocational and speciality training programs in Australia. The present paper seeks to explore this issue. More formal systems for portfolio careers in Australia have the potential to increase job satisfaction, flexibility and retention, as well as diversify trainee skill sets. Although there are numerous benefits from involvement in portfolio careers, there are also risks to the trainee, employing health service and workforce modelling. Formalising pathways to portfolio careers relies on assessing stakeholder interest, enhancing flexibility in training programs, developing support programs, mentorship and coaching schemes and improving support structures in health services. What is known about the topic? Portfolio careers are well understood as a career structure in general business. However, in medicine little is known about the concept of portfolio careers, their drivers, benefits and risks. There are significant issues faced by the Australian junior medical workforce such as a need for diversified skill-sets (e.g. increased involvement in research, public health and leadership), low job satisfaction for junior doctors and an increasing emphasis of work-life balance and mental well-being. What does this paper add? This paper critically analyses the concept of portfolio careers in the postgraduate setting by critiquing literature on the international and national experiences in this field. This paper outlines potential benefits of portfolio careers requiring further research, such as a diversification in the workforce and improved job satisfaction. Risks include reducing the health service provision capacity of junior doctors and drawing doctors away from a medical career. What are the implications for practitioners? This paper has substantial educational and workforce implications for medical students, junior doctors and medical managers. For medical students and junior doctors this paper frames the possibilities in a medical career, as well as benefits and risks of aiming for a portfolio career in medicine. For medical managers, this paper suggests strategies for further research, enhancing workforce job satisfaction and potential pitfalls of increasing opportunities for medical portfolio careers.

scholarly journals Resetting the Narrative in Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Nutrition Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annabelle Wilson ◽  
Roland Wilson ◽  
Robyn Delbridge ◽  
Emma Tonkin ◽  
Claire Palermo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Torres Strait Islander ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Aboriginal Peoples ◽  
Australian Aboriginal ◽  
Nutrition Research ◽  
Torres Strait

ABSTRACT As the oldest continuous living civilizations in the world, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples have strength, tenacity, and resilience. Initial colonization of the landscape included violent dispossession and removal of people from Country to expand European land tenure and production systems, loss of knowledge holders through frontier violence, and formal government policies of segregation and assimilation designed to destroy ontological relationships with Country and kin. The ongoing manifestations of colonialism continue to affect food systems and food knowledges of Aboriginal peoples, and have led to severe health inequities and disproportionate rates of nutrition-related health conditions. There is an urgent need to collaborate with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples to address nutrition and its underlying determinants in a way that integrates Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples’ understandings of food and food systems, health, healing, and well-being. We use the existing literature to discuss current ways that Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples are portrayed in the literature in relation to nutrition, identify knowledge gaps that require further research, and propose a new way forward.

scholarly journals Nutraceutical potentials of synergic foods: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tharani Devi Natarajan ◽  
Janci Rani Ramasamy ◽  
Kirthika Palanisamy
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Active Role ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Food ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Nutrition Research

AbstractFood synergy is a concept of linking foods to health. Food consists of mixtures of nutrients, serving as a fuel for the body. When synergistic foods are put together, the evidence for potential health benefits becomes stronger than individual foods. Nutrient deficiency is a known phenomenon in many individuals, and synergy plays a very important role in combating the nutritional deficiency. Today’s consumer expresses high interest to build knowledge on the active role of food in their well-being, as well as in the prevention of non-transmissible chronic diseases. Functional foods and their active compounds play a vital role in preventing chronic diseases, improving immunity, and decreasing infections. The concept of synergy is an overthinking in nutrition research which can enhance effective dietary planning value added to the forthcoming nutrition research. This paper gives an overview of various synergic combinations of food components and their interactions within the food and with the human system to attain ideal health benefits.

scholarly journals Medical-Legal Partnerships: Addressing Competency Needs Through Lawyers

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Paul ◽  
Danya Fortess Fullerton ◽  
Ellen Cohen ◽  
Ellen Lawton ◽  
Anne Ryan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Public Programs ◽  
Skill Sets ◽  
Legal Professionals ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Access To Food ◽  
Attending Physicians

Abstract Background Many low- and moderate-income individuals and families have at least one unmet legal need (for example, unsafe housing conditions, lack of access to food and/or income support, lack of access to health care), which, if left unaddressed, can have harmful consequences on health. Eighty unique medical-legal partnership programs, serving over 180 clinics and hospitals nationwide, seek to combine the strengths of medical and legal professionals to address patients' legal needs before they become crises. Each partnership is adapted to serve the specific needs of its own patient base. Intervention This article describes innovative, residency-based medical-legal partnership educational experiences in pediatrics, internal medicine, and family medicine at 3 different sites (Boston, Massachusetts; Newark, New Jersey; and Tucson, Arizona). This article addresses how these 3 programs have been designed to meet the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education's 6 competencies, along with suggested methods for evaluating the effectiveness of these programs. Training is a core component of medical-legal partnership, and most medical-legal partnerships have developed curricula for resident education in a variety of formats, including noon conferences, grand rounds, poverty simulations and day-long special sessions. Discussion Medical-legal partnerships combine the skill sets of medical professionals and lawyers to teach social determinants of health by training residents and attending physicians to identify and help address unmet legal needs. Medical-legal partnership doctors and lawyers treat health disparities and improve patient health and well-being by ensuring that public programs, regulations, and laws created to benefit health and improve access to health care are implemented and enforced.

scholarly journals 141 A nutrigenomics approach using RNA sequencing technology to study nutrient-gene interactions in agricultural animals

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 135-135
Author(s):  
Shengfa F Liao ◽  
Shamimul Hasan ◽  
Jean M Feugang
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Gene Interactions ◽  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Nutrition Research ◽  
Dietary Nutrients ◽  
A Genome

Abstract Animal life essentially is a set of gene expression processes. Thorough understanding of these processes driven by dietary nutrients and other environmental factors can be regarded as a bottom line of modern advanced animal nutrition research for improving animal growth, development, health, production, and reproduction performance. Nutrigenomics, a genome-wide approach using the knowledge and techniques obtained from the disciplines of genomics (including transcriptomics) and molecular biology, is to study the effects of dietary nutrients on cellular gene expression, cellular metabolic responses and, ultimately, the phenotypic changes of a living organism. Transcriptomics can be applied to investigate animal tissue transcriptome at a defined physiological or nutritional state, which provides a holistic view of the intracellular expression of RNA, especially mRNA. As a novel, promising transcriptomics approach, RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) technology can monitor all-gene expressions simultaneously in response to dietary intervention. The principle and history of RNA-Seq technology will be briefly reviewed, and the three principal steps of this methodology, including the laboratory analysis of tissue samples, the bioinformatics analysis of the generated sequence data, and the subsequent biological interpretation of the data, will be described. The application of RNA-Seq technology in different areas of animal nutrition research, which include maternal nutrition, feeding strategy and gut microbiota, will be summarized. Lastly, the application of RNA-Seq technology in swine science and nutrition research will also be discussed. In short, to further improve animal feeding or production efficiency, RNA-Seq technology holds a great potential to be employed to explore the new insights into better understanding of nutrient-gene interactions in agricultural animals, and it is expected that the application of this cutting-edge technology in animal nutrition research will continue to grow in the foreseeable future. This research was supported in part by a USDA-NIFA Multistate Project (No. 1007691).

scholarly journals Philanthropic Foundation Strategies to Advance Systems Reform: Perceptions from Frontline Change Implementers

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara Kolar Bryan ◽  
Kimberley R. Isett
Keyword(s):  
Policy Change ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Systems Change ◽  
Skill Sets ◽  
Policy Actors ◽  
Operational Change ◽  
Building Activities ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Philanthropic Foundation

AbstractThis article examines the strategies and processes pursued by one foundation aimed at accelerating systems change reform efforts in four states. The findings suggest four strategies the Foundation employed in reform efforts: partnering with state policy actors to accelerate systems change efforts, providing technical assistance to support implementation, leveraging the reputation of the Foundation toward systems change goals, and facilitating the dissemination of innovation to states and localities. This study contributes to the literature by documenting the combination of strategies the Foundation applied in their effort to advance systems change, and by exploring the perspective of system professionals on what Foundation activities were viewed as more or less successful. Because systems change entails both policy and operational change, this study suggests foundation strategies need to harness both traditional approaches, such as targeting policy change, as well as approaches less traditionally used that may require new skill sets for foundations, including field building activities that enable system professionals to implement the change effectively.

Miracle question promotes open communication and positive interaction between clients and practitioners

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 483-486
Author(s):  
Karmen Toros
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Positive Interaction ◽  
Open Communication ◽  
Improved Outcomes ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Solution Focused

This article reflects on Estonian practitioners’ voices to researchers and other practitioners by sharing their experiences of the solution-focused technique, ‘the miracle question’, they found useful in constructing solutions. This technique promoted thinking about becoming a better practitioner, empowerment, and the need to move away from traditional approaches in order to enhance improved outcomes for clients and to promote their well-being.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document