PSXIII-23 Influence of reproductive technologies on post weaning calf performance and carcass characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 433-433
Author(s):  
Julie Walker ◽  
Jerica J Rich ◽  
Warren C Rusche ◽  
George A Perry
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Quality Grade ◽  
Calf Performance ◽  
Calving Season ◽  
Natural Service ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Grade Yield

Abstract The experiment objective was to evaluate the impact of assisted reproductive technologies on post weaning calf performance. Calves born following various reproductive treatments (synchronized natural service and synchronized AI) in 10 herds over 2 years were fed to reach a target backfat (BF) of 1.27 cm, sent to harvest, and carcass data collected. Calves were classified into calving groups as natural service born early (NS-Early, n = 189), natural service born late (NS-Late, n = 203), or AI sired born early (AI-Early, n = 116). Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure in SAS with calving group, year and calf gender in the model. Weaning weights were similar between AI-Early and NS-Early; however, earlier born calves (AI-Early and NS-Early) were heavier (P < 0.0001) than NS-Late. AI-Early calves had heavier finished bodyweight (622.2 kg: P = 0.0024) compared to NS-Early (601.4 kg) and heavier HCW compared to both NS-Early and NS-Late (P < 0.01). NS-Early calves reached 1.27 cm BF in fewer days than AI-Early (261 d and 275 d, respectively; P < 0.01) with NS-late requiring the most days on feed to reach the same endpoint (296 d, P < 0.01). No differences in Quality Grade, Yield Grade, REA, marbling, or BF were detected between AI-Early, NS-Early, and NS-Late, or between early- and late-born calves (P > 0.38). Late-born calves required 29 more days on feed (P < 0.001) to reach 1.27 cm BF resulting in greater final bodyweight compared to early-born calves (625.5 kg and 612.8 kg, respectively; P = 0.04); however, hot carcass weights were similar between early- and late-born calves. Reproductive technologies that increase the number of calves born early in the calving season increased weaning weight and post weaning growth performance, but compared to high quality natural service sires, AI did not improve carcass characteristics.

Case Study: On-farm Demonstration for the Impact of Applied Reproductive Technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 4-5
Author(s):  
Courtnie L Carter ◽  
Justin D Rhinehart
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Calving Interval ◽  
Estrus Synchronization ◽  
Extension Educators ◽  
Reproductive Management ◽  
Calving Season ◽  
Natural Service ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Demonstrating the implementation of, and results from, applied management technologies on privately held farms is an essential method for Extension educators. A commercial cow/calf herd, for which the management was being transitioned to a younger family member, was used for this multi-year demonstration. Beginning summer 2019, the cow herd was inventoried and evaluated, and a plan was put in place to improve profitability through enhanced reproductive management. Initial evaluation showed an overall pregnancy rate of 75.6% with a 153 d calving season for cows and breeding age heifers (n = 209). Non-pregnant and un-sound cattle were sold (n = 56). The average initial BCS was a 4.5 (1 to 9 scale). Estrus synchronization for natural service was utilized in the first breeding season (Fall 2019) to condense the subsequent calving season. Melengestrol acetate (MGA) was fed at a rate of 0.5 mg/head/d for 7 d and bulls introduced on he last day MGA was fed. Also in year 1, timed artificial Insemination was used to breed purchased (n = 37) and home raised (n = 18) replacement heifers. A group of pregnant cows ranging in age from 5 to 8 years (n = 47) were also purchased in year 1. Ultrasonography was used to detect pregnancy and estimate calving date on 30 d post AI, and 30 d post bull removal. Year 2 pregnancy rate was 93% for heifers and 88% for cows with a 131 d estimated calving interval for all cows and heifers (n = 255), with 94% expected to calve in the first 90 days. In summary, while it is difficult to eliminate year-over-year variables, a combination of culling strategy and estrus synchronization for both natural service and AI resulted in an increased proportion of cows and heifers calving earlier in the calving season, which is expected to improve marketing potential and profitability of the resulting calf crop. Condensing the calving interval provides opportunity to introduce additional reproductive management practices. Results from this demonstration will be incorporated into Extension educational curricula.

scholarly journals Alteration of Genomic Imprinting after Assisted Reproductive Technologies and Long-Term Health

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 728
Author(s):  
Eguzkine Ochoa
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Genomic Imprinting ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Early Embryonic Development ◽  
Global Methylation ◽  
The Impact

Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) are the treatment of choice for some infertile couples and even though these procedures are generally considered safe, children conceived by ART have shown higher reported risks of some perinatal and postnatal complications such as low birth weight, preterm birth, and childhood cancer. In addition, the frequency of some congenital imprinting disorders, like Beckwith–Wiedemann Syndrome and Silver–Russell Syndrome, is higher than expected in the general population after ART. Experimental evidence from animal studies suggests that ART can induce stress in the embryo and influence gene expression and DNA methylation. Human epigenome studies have generally revealed an enrichment of alterations in imprinted regions in children conceived by ART, but no global methylation alterations. ART procedures occur simultaneously with the establishment and maintenance of imprinting during embryonic development, so this may underlie the apparent sensitivity of imprinted regions to ART. The impact in adulthood of imprinting alterations that occurred during early embryonic development is still unclear, but some experimental evidence in mice showed higher risk to obesity and cardiovascular disease after the restriction of some imprinted genes in early embryonic development. This supports the hypothesis that imprinting alterations in early development might induce epigenetic programming of metabolism and affect long-term health. Given the growing use of ART, it is important to determine the impact of ART in genomic imprinting and long-term health.

scholarly journals Reproductive fluids, used for the in vitro production of pig embryos, result in healthy offspring and avoid aberrant placental expression of PEG3 and LUM.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelynne Paris-Oller ◽  
Sergio Navarro-Serna ◽  
Cristina Soriano-Úbeda ◽  
Jordana Sena Lopes ◽  
Carmen Matas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: In vitro embryo production (IVP) and embryo transfer (ET) are two very common assisted reproductive technologies (ART) in human and cattle. However, in pig, the combination of either procedures, or even their use separately, is still considered suboptimal due to the low efficiency of IVP plus the difficulty of performing ET in the long and contorted uterus of the sow. In addition, the potential impact of these two ART on the health of the offspring is unknown. We investigated here if the use of a modified IVP system, with natural reproductive fluids (RF) as supplements to the culture media, combined with a minimally invasive surgery to perform ET, affects the output of the own IVP system as well as the reproductive performance of the mother and placental molecular traits.Results: The blastocyst rates obtained by both in vitro systems, conventional (C-IVP) and modified (RF-IVP), were similar. Pregnancy and farrowing rates were also similar. However, when compared to in vivo control (artificial insemination, AI), litter sizes of both IVP groups were lower, while placental efficiency was higher in AI than in RF-IVP. Gene expression studies revealed aberrant expression levels for PEG3 and LUM in placental tissue for C-IVP group when compared to AI, but not for RF-IVP group.Conclusions: The use of reproductive fluids as additives for the culture media in pig IVP does not improve reproductive performance of recipient mothers but could mitigate the impact of artificial procedures in the offspring.

The impact of endometriosis on IVF: an evaluation using the society of assisted reproductive technologies (SART) database

2014 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. e48-e49 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Senapati ◽  
M.D. Sammel ◽  
S. Boudhar ◽  
C.B. Morse ◽  
K.T. Barnhart
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals From egg to embryo: a peripatetic journey

Reproduction ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 130 (6) ◽  
pp. 825-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Molecular Signature ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Effect Gene

The recent surge of interest in oocyte development has been spurred in large part by the increasing implementation of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) to treat human infertility. What is becoming apparent is that ‘egg quality’ is a primary factor in the success of ART (Sauer 1998), and yet we know virtually nothing about the molecular signature of a ‘high quality’ oocyte, i.e., an oocyte that is capable of maturing, being fertilized and supporting development to term. We are gaining marked insights, however, into how sperm activate eggs and the changes in gene expression that accompany preimplantation development. Nevertheless, embryo culture is known to effect gene expression (Rinaudo & Schultz 2004), the long-term consequences of which are only recently being unmasked. This review will briefly highlight these topics that were presented during the Biennial Joint Meeting of the UK Fertility Societies at Warwick University in April 2005.

scholarly journals Assisted reproductive technologies: psychoneurological, moral-ethical, and socio-cultural aspects

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 104-110
Author(s):  
N. A. Tyuvina ◽  
A. O. Nikolaevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Surrogate Mother ◽  
Reproductive Process ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

The paper provides a definition of sexual and reproductive health and infertility and also reflects modern ideas about ways to overcome infertility using assisted reproductive technologies, such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) and surrogacy. It shows the specificity of the impact of an IVF procedure on the mental health of a potential mother. The features of the neonatal health status, as well as neuropsychiatric disorders in babies born using the IVF procedure are described. The authors present two types of surrogacy (traditional and gestational ones) and the features of their use in different countries according to governmental legislative regulation, socioeconomic and religious factors, and cultural traditions in society. They unveil the features of a psychological relationship between the mother (surrogate and presumed one) and the fetus. The consequences of surrogacy for a surrogate mother, genetic parents, and a child himself/herself are noted to be little studied. It is shown that the development of assisted reproductive technologies (IVF and surrogacy), on the one hand, helps fight infertility and, on the other hand, entails a number of problems (moral and ethical, legal, cultural and religious, socioeconomic, and neuropsychiatric ones) that need to be solved in order to prevent psychological, neurological, and mental abnormalities in all the participants (a surrogate mother, an unborn child, and potential parents) in the assisted reproductive process:

scholarly journals The Intersection of Reproductive, Work-Life Balance and Early-Education and Care Policies: ‘Solo’ Mothers by Choice in the UK and Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 458
Author(s):  
Ana Bravo-Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Early Education ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Work Life Balance ◽  
Life Balance ◽  
Childhood Care ◽  
Education And Care ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

This article focuses on women who have opted to be mothers on their own by choice in the UK and Spain, and how their access to assisted reproductive technologies in the National Health Service was affected because they were 35 years old or older, forcing them to go to private clinics for their treatment. Having given birth to their children, the participants face a second obstacle: the lack of policies that support work-life balance. A third obstacle also arises, in the form of a lack of childcare and early-education provision, particularly in the UK. The last two obstacles affect the whole population, but they are intensified in the case of solo-mother-families where the mother is responsible for simultaneously being the caregiver and the sole economic provider. Solo motherhood by choice highlights the impact of the absence of these policies, and the inequalities that result from current contemporary conceptualizations of family, woman and early-childhood-care and education. This article draws on ethnographic research that took place in the UK and Spain where I conducted 60 in-depth interviews and participant observations. The aim is to provide an analysis capable of capturing and confronting how inequalities affect women-mothers-workers and their children.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular risks in infants born with reproductive technologies

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
I. A. Gorlova ◽  
M. Ju. Omelchenko ◽  
L. A. Sokolova ◽  
B. B. Bondarenko
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Cardiac Development ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Oval Window ◽  
Cardiovascular Risks ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
The Impact

Russia is on the second place among European countries in the number of completed cycles of assisted reproductive technologies (ART). The proportion of children conceived using ART becomes annually higher. The present review summarises data on the impact of new reproductive technologies on the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases are presented. Potential health risks in the introduction of ART in babies born are discussed in numerous studies, the impact on all stages of embryo- and organogenesis is noted. The greatest problem is a possible increase in the incidence of congenital malformations (CM) in children after ART compared to the latter in the natural population. The frequency of CM is due not only to the use of APT, but also to factors such as genetic characteristics, age and state of health of the mother, aggravated obstetric-gynecological history, multiplicity, low birth weight of the fetus. In children conceived with ART, often appear early symptoms of systemic endothelial dysfunction, metabolic disorders (lipid metabolism, glucose level), congenital heart defects (interventricular septum defect, small cardiac development abnormality (false chord), open arterial duct, open oval window). There is a need to improve prenatal diagnostics of CM in early pregnancy and regular medical examinations of children conceived with ART.

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