scholarly journals PSII-13 Providing on-farm handling tools to move grow-finish pig cadavers

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 232-232
Author(s):  
Ella E Akin ◽  
Anna K Johnson ◽  
Cassandra Jass ◽  
Jason W Ross ◽  
Suzanne T Millman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Smooth Transition ◽  
Genetic Line ◽  
Lower Heart Rate ◽  
Parametric Data ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Saturation Difference

Abstract During the grow-finish phase of production some pigs become non-ambulatory and/or die requiring the need to provide caretakers with handling tools to move them safely. The goal of this study was to identify handling tools suitable for moving non-ambulatory grow-finish pig cadavers. Five caretakers on a commercial grow-finish site were asked to move three commercial crossbred (PIC) genetic line pig cadavers (59 kg, 91 kg and 98 kg), using three handling tools (sked - SKED; deer sled - SLED; modified deer sled - MDS). Outcomes included latency to move cadaver from home-pen to hospital pen, differences in caretaker heart rate (bpm) and oxygen saturation (%), and caretakers’ subjective effort score (1 = very difficult to 5 = very easy). Data were analyzed using mixed model methods for parametric data with fixed effects of caretaker, cadaver and handling tool. PDIFF was used to separate means. Caretakers differed for latency, heart rate and oxygen saturation difference (P < 0.01). The smallest cadaver was associated with shortest latency (P < 0.01) and least caretaker oxygen saturation difference (P < 0.001). The MDS was associated with shortest latency (P < 0.01), and lower heart rate differences than the SKED (P = 0.01). Oxygen saturation did not differ for handling tool. Interestingly, caretakers scored SKED and SLED as easiest for moving all cadavers. In conclusion, the MDS did not have any restraints, so when moving the cadavers they would slide off, and legs and heads became impeded in the alley gates preventing smooth transition. Therefore, the SKED and SLED would be recommended as practical handling tools to move grow-finish pig cadavers on-farm.

REML IS AN EFFECTIVE ANALYSIS FOR MIXED MODELLING OF UNBALANCED ON-FARM VARIETAL TRIALS

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. VIRK ◽  
D. B. PANDIT ◽  
M. A. SUFIAN ◽  
F. AHMED ◽  
M. A. B. SIDDIQUE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Participatory Varietal Selection ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Effective Analysis

SUMMARYOn-farm participatory varietal selection (PVS) trials are often of two types: mother trials (with all of the entries) and baby trials (each having one, or very few of the entries from the mother trials). We conducted PVS trials on 17 wheat varieties in 12 villages of four districts of Bangladesh over three years but the data were highly unbalanced. Both quantitative and qualitative traits were measured in the on-farm trials. The factors in the trials were both fixed effects (varieties and districts) and random (years and farmers). We used the residual or restricted maximum likelihood (REML) analysis for the mixed model for quantitative traits. For qualitative data on farmers' perceptions, logistic regression procedures were used that are equally applicable to balanced and unbalanced data sets. The REML analysis provided adjusted mean values for quantitative traits for all the varieties, for the mother and baby trials separately, using the data from all years and all locations. It identified varieties BAW 1006 and BAW 1008 that yielded 19–30% more than the control Kanchan and also had a higher 1000-grain weight, were at least as early to flower and had a high overall ranking by farmers in the mother trials. The logistic regression analysis of perception data agreed with the results of the REML analysis as these varieties were most preferred by farmers for grain yield, earlier maturity and better chapatti making quality. The less labour-intensive method of recording qualitative perceptions can usefully replace actual yield measurements, particularly when validated by other participatory measures such as intended and actual adoption. In 2005, BAW 1006 was released as BARI Gom 23 or Bijoy and BAW 1008 as BARI Gom 24 or Prodip for the whole of Bangladesh. The validity of the results of the REML analysis was confirmed by the high early adoption trends of the identified varieties. Since REML is an effective analysis for unbalanced PVS trial data using a mixed model, its wider use by researchers would increase the value of the PVS process.

scholarly journals 222 Effect of genetic line and parity of dam on litter birth weight and weaning weight in swine

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 47-48
Author(s):  
Marcie I Christianson ◽  
Kenneth J Stalder ◽  
Alejandro Ramirez ◽  
Donald Beitz ◽  
Aileen F Keating
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Random Variable ◽  
Genetic Line ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Birth Month ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
Weight Model

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of parity and genetic line of the dam on her offspring and their ability to thrive until weaning. Data were obtained from 17 purebred litters and 72 crossbred litters and the parity of the dam ranged from 1-13. Parities were grouped into the following categories: parity 1, parity 2, parity 3-5, and parity 6+. Entire litters were weighed at birth and weaning (~28 days of age). Litters were grouped into four weight categories based on the time of year they were born: February, April, May, and July 2019. Data were analyzed by using mixed model methods (Proc Mixed, SAS V. 9.4, SAS Inst. Inc. Cary, NC). The birthweight model included fixed effects of parity and genetic line. Birth month was included as a random variable, and number born alive was used as a covariate. Mean litter birth weight was significantly different between parity 1 and parity 3-5 (P=0.001), parity 2 and parity 6+ (P=0.031), and parity 3-5 and parity 6+ (P=&lt; 0.0001). The difference between parity 2 and parity 3-5 approached significance. Birthweight differed between genetic line (&lt; 0.0001): Crossbred litter birthweight was 4.15kg greater than purebred litter birthweight. The weaning weight model included genetic line, parity, and number of pigs after fostering. Birth month was included as a random variable, and age at weaning and birth weight were used as covariates. Weaning weights for parity and genetic line did not differ (P &gt;0.05).

The Effects of Passive and Active Smoking on Brachial and radial Blood Pressure and Some Other Physical Factors in Healthy Young Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 259
Author(s):  
Shireen H. Ramadhan ◽  
Shamil K. Talal ◽  
Wasfiya A. Moner
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Blood Pressure Measurement ◽  
Reference Level ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
New Device ◽  
Active Smoker

Tobacco smoke is enormously harmful to human health, there’s no safe way to smoke. The primary objective of this study is to analyze the role of tobacco smoke compounds and their ability to damage the cardiovascular system and, in particular, to interfere with blood pressure (Brachial and radial pressure), heart rate and partly on the percentage blood Oxygen saturation. A new device has been manufactured which is unique for measuring the level of smoke, to obtained privies readings, the device had fixed to the first reference level آ and starting up from it. The effect of smoking has been studied on (26) male passive (26) active smoker volunteer, (14) female passive and (14) female active smoker participants. The results has been showed that the blood pressure and heart rate has been increased with increasing the number of cigarettes in both genders for passive and active smokers. However, this effect for male was more pronounced comparing with females for passive and active smokers. In the case of oxygen saturation concentration percentage, for males the change of oxygen concentration percentage was not stable. In other words, it was fluctuated with the number of cigarettes. But for females the oxygen concentration was decreased but not too much. This means that this effect was not pronounced. this study found آ that the most pronounced effect has been shown by male’s comparison to females for both passive and active smokers. As well as in nonsmoker’s males, the relation between heart rate and smoke level is inversely proportional. While in male and female smokers and female nonsmokers the relation is proportional. In all cases the relation between the smoke level and time of smoking is inversely proportional. Finally males& females are affected differently by tobacco use; the sensitivities to smoke for males are higher than in females for passive and active smokers in both brachial and radial blood pressure measurement.

scholarly journals Usefulness of Linear Mixed-Effects Models to Assess the Relationship between Objective and Subjective Internal Load in Team Sports

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 392
Author(s):  
Alice Iannaccone ◽  
Daniele Conte ◽  
Cristina Cortis ◽  
Andrea Fusco
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Subjective Measures ◽  
Internal Load ◽  
Random Slopes ◽  
The Relationship

Internal load can be objectively measured by heart rate-based models, such as Edwards’ summated heart rate zones, or subjectively by session rating of perceived exertion. The relationship between internal loads assessed via heart rate-based models and session rating of perceived exertion is usually studied through simple correlations, although the Linear Mixed Model could represent a more appropriate statistical procedure to deal with intrasubject variability. This study aimed to compare conventional correlations and the Linear Mixed Model to assess the relationships between objective and subjective measures of internal load in team sports. Thirteen male youth beach handball players (15.9 ± 0.3 years) were monitored (14 training sessions; 7 official matches). Correlation coefficients were used to correlate the objective and subjective internal load. The Linear Mixed Model was used to model the relationship between objective and subjective measures of internal load data by considering each player individual response as random effect. Random intercepts were used and then random slopes were added. The likelihood-ratio test was used to compare statistical models. The correlation coefficient for the overall relationship between the objective and subjective internal data was very large (r = 0.74; ρ = 0.78). The Linear Mixed Model using both random slopes and random intercepts better explained (p < 0.001) the relationship between internal load measures. Researchers are encouraged to apply the Linear Mixed Models rather than correlation to analyze internal load relationships in team sports since it allows for the consideration of the individuality of players.

scholarly journals Metabolic Adaptations to Dynamic Energy Requirements during Lactation and Pregnancy in Dairy Cows with Varying Proportions of Holstein and Simmental Breed

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Deise Aline Knob ◽  
André Thaler Neto ◽  
Helen Schweizer ◽  
Anna Weigand ◽  
Roberto Kappes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Negative Energy Balance ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Mixed Model Analysis ◽  
Genetic Groups

Depending on the breed or crossbreed line, cows have to cope with a more or less severe negative energy balance during the period of high milk yields in early lactation, which can be detected by beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) in blood. Preventing cows from undergoing a severe negative energy balance by breeding and/or feeding measures is likely to be supported by the public and may help to improve the sustainability of milk production. The aim was to compare BHBA and NEFA concentrations in the blood of Holstein and Simmental cows and their crosses during the prepartum period until the end of lactation. In total, 164 cows formed five genetic groups according to their theoretic proportion of Holstein and Simmental genes as follows: Holstein (100% Holstein; n = 9), R1-Hol (51–99% Holstein; n = 30), F1 crossbreds (50% Holstein, 50% Simmental; n = 17), R1-Sim (1–49% Holstein; n = 81) and Simmental (100% Simmental; n = 27). NEFA and BHBA were evaluated once a week between April 2018 and August 2019. A mixed model analysis with fixed effects breed, week (relative to calving), the interaction of breed and week, parity, calving year, calving season, milking season, and the repeated measure effect on cows was used. Holstein cows had higher NEFAs (0.196 ± 0.013 mmol/L), and Simmental cows had the lowest NEFA concentrations (0.147 ± 0.008 mmol/L, p = 0.03). R1-Sim, F1 and R1-Hol cows had intermediate values (0.166 ± 0.005, 0.165 ± 0.010, 0.162 ± 0.008 mmol/L; respectively). The highest NEFA value was found in the first week after calving (0.49 ± 0.013 mmol/L). BHBA did not differ among genetic groups (p = 0.1007). There was, however, an interaction between the genetic group and week (p = 0.03). While Simmental, R1-Sim and F1 cows had the highest BHBA value, the second week after calving (0.92 ± 0.07 and 1.05 ± 0.04, and 1.10 ± 0.10 mmol/L, respectively), R1-Hol and Holstein cows showed the BHBA peak at the fourth week after calving (1.16 ± 0.07 and 1.36 ± 0.12 mmol/L, respectively). Unexpectedly, Holstein cows had a high BHBA peak again at week 34 after calving (1.68 ± 0.21 mmol/L). The genetic composition of the cows affects NEFA and BHBA. Simmental and R1-Sim cows mobilize fewer body reserves after calving. Therefore, dairy cows with higher degrees of Simmental origin might be more sustainable in comparison with Holstein genetics in the present study.

Psychophysical and physiological comparison of squat and semi-squat lifting by young males

1999 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
Leon Straker ◽  
Carol Cain
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Lower Heart Rate ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Squat Lifting

A comparison between semi-squat and squat techniques was made for floor to knuckle height lifting using maximum acceptable weight (MAW), ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and heart rate. Semi-squat lifting resulted in greater MAW with lower RPE and lower heart rate compared to squat lifting. Discomfort was most commonly reported in knees/quadriceps with squat lifting. Twelve of the 13 subjects preferred the semi-squat technique. The results provide evidence that the semi-squat technique may have benefits over the squat technique for lifting a medium sized box from floor to knuckle height.

scholarly journals Neonatal wearable device for colorimetry-based real-time detection of jaundice with simultaneous sensing of vitals

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. eabe3793
Author(s):  
Go Inamori ◽  
Umihiro Kamoto ◽  
Fumika Nakamura ◽  
Yutaka Isoda ◽  
Azusa Uozumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Neonatal Jaundice ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Clinical Experiments ◽  
Simultaneous Sensing ◽  
Severe Hyperbilirubinemia ◽  
Transcutaneous Bilirubinometer

Neonatal jaundice occurs in >80% of newborns in the first week of life owing to physiological hyperbilirubinemia. Severe hyperbilirubinemia could cause brain damage owing to its neurotoxicity, a state commonly known as kernicterus. Therefore, periodic bilirubin monitoring is essential to identify infants at-risk and to initiate treatment including phototherapy. However, devices for continuous measurements of bilirubin have not been developed yet. Here, we established a wearable transcutaneous bilirubinometer that also has oxygen saturation (SpO2) and heart rate (HR) sensing functionalities. Clinical experiments with neonates demonstrated the possibility of simultaneous detection of bilirubin, SpO2, and HR. Moreover, our device could consistently measure bilirubin during phototherapy. These results demonstrate the potential for development of a combined treatment approach with an automatic link via the wearable bilirubinometer and phototherapy device for optimization of the treatment of neonatal jaundice.

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