scholarly journals 222 Effect of genetic line and parity of dam on litter birth weight and weaning weight in swine

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 47-48
Author(s):  
Marcie I Christianson ◽  
Kenneth J Stalder ◽  
Alejandro Ramirez ◽  
Donald Beitz ◽  
Aileen F Keating
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Random Variable ◽  
Genetic Line ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Birth Month ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
Weight Model

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of parity and genetic line of the dam on her offspring and their ability to thrive until weaning. Data were obtained from 17 purebred litters and 72 crossbred litters and the parity of the dam ranged from 1-13. Parities were grouped into the following categories: parity 1, parity 2, parity 3-5, and parity 6+. Entire litters were weighed at birth and weaning (~28 days of age). Litters were grouped into four weight categories based on the time of year they were born: February, April, May, and July 2019. Data were analyzed by using mixed model methods (Proc Mixed, SAS V. 9.4, SAS Inst. Inc. Cary, NC). The birthweight model included fixed effects of parity and genetic line. Birth month was included as a random variable, and number born alive was used as a covariate. Mean litter birth weight was significantly different between parity 1 and parity 3-5 (P=0.001), parity 2 and parity 6+ (P=0.031), and parity 3-5 and parity 6+ (P=< 0.0001). The difference between parity 2 and parity 3-5 approached significance. Birthweight differed between genetic line (< 0.0001): Crossbred litter birthweight was 4.15kg greater than purebred litter birthweight. The weaning weight model included genetic line, parity, and number of pigs after fostering. Birth month was included as a random variable, and age at weaning and birth weight were used as covariates. Weaning weights for parity and genetic line did not differ (P >0.05).

scholarly journals Evaluación fenotípica y genética para características de crecimiento en la raza criolla colombiana Costeño con Cuernos

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Alfredo Martínez ◽  
Juan Esteban Pérez ◽  
Teófilo Herazo
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Variance Components ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Number Of Births

<p>Se establecieron componentes de varianza, así como parámetros fenotípicos y genéticos, respecto de las variables ‘peso al nacimiento’, ‘peso al destete’ (ajustado a los 270 días) y ‘peso a los 480 días’ en un hato del ganado criollo colombiano Costeño con Cuernos. Se analizaron 2.281 registros de pesos al nacer, 1.722 de pesos al destete  y 1.086 de pesos ajustados a los 480 días utilizando la metodología de máxima verosimilitud restringida (DFREML). También se ajustó un modelo animal que incluyó efectos genéticos directos, maternos y de ambiente permanente, asumiendo como efectos fijos el año de nacimiento, el sexo del ternero y el número de partos de la madre; finalmente, se estimaron los parámetros genéticos ‘heredabilidad’, ‘repetibilildad’ y se establecieron correlaciones genéticas y fenotípicas. Se reportan bajas estimaciones de heredabilidad de los efectos directos, que varían entre 0,17 ± 0,001 y 0,21 ± 0,074 para los pesos al nacer y al destete, respectivamente; así mismo, fue baja la heredabilidad de los efectos genéticos maternos con relación al peso al nacimiento, aunque estos estimados aumentaron respecto de los pesos al nacer y al destete. Las correlaciones entre efectos directos y maternos fueron negativas, pero el mayor valor se encontró para el peso al nacimiento (-0,89). La contribución del ambiente permanente como proporción de la varianza fenotípica total fue baja y disminuyó a medida que aumentó la edad del animal.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Genetic and phenotypic evaluation to characterize growth traits of the native Colombian breed Costeño con Cuernos</strong></p><p>For a herd of native Colombian breed of cattle -Costeño con Cuernos (CCC)- estimates of variance components for phenotypic and genetic parameters were obtained for birth weight, weight at weaning (adjusted to 270 days) and weight at 480 days. Using the restricted maximum likelihood (REMI) methodology, 2281 birth weight records (PN), 1722 weaning weight records and 1086 weight records adjusted to 480 days were analyze by fitting a model which included direct and maternal genetics effects as well as permanent environmental effects, assuming that fixed effects were year of birth weight, calf gender and the mother number of births. The genetic parameters for heritability, repeatability, genetic and phenotypic correlation were estimated and genotypic and phenotypic correlation was established. Heritability estimates for direct effects are low and range from 0.17 ± 0.001 and 0.21 ± 0.074 for birth and weaning weight respectively; while estimates for maternal genetics effects were also low for PN, they were higher for weaning weight and weight at 480 days. There was a negative correlation between direct and maternal effects, and the higher value was for PN (-0.89). The contribution of the variable permanent environment measured as the contribution of the phenotypic variance was low and diminished as animal age increased.</p>

scholarly journals PSII-13 Providing on-farm handling tools to move grow-finish pig cadavers

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 232-232
Author(s):  
Ella E Akin ◽  
Anna K Johnson ◽  
Cassandra Jass ◽  
Jason W Ross ◽  
Suzanne T Millman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Smooth Transition ◽  
Genetic Line ◽  
Lower Heart Rate ◽  
Parametric Data ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Saturation Difference

Abstract During the grow-finish phase of production some pigs become non-ambulatory and/or die requiring the need to provide caretakers with handling tools to move them safely. The goal of this study was to identify handling tools suitable for moving non-ambulatory grow-finish pig cadavers. Five caretakers on a commercial grow-finish site were asked to move three commercial crossbred (PIC) genetic line pig cadavers (59 kg, 91 kg and 98 kg), using three handling tools (sked - SKED; deer sled - SLED; modified deer sled - MDS). Outcomes included latency to move cadaver from home-pen to hospital pen, differences in caretaker heart rate (bpm) and oxygen saturation (%), and caretakers’ subjective effort score (1 = very difficult to 5 = very easy). Data were analyzed using mixed model methods for parametric data with fixed effects of caretaker, cadaver and handling tool. PDIFF was used to separate means. Caretakers differed for latency, heart rate and oxygen saturation difference (P < 0.01). The smallest cadaver was associated with shortest latency (P < 0.01) and least caretaker oxygen saturation difference (P < 0.001). The MDS was associated with shortest latency (P < 0.01), and lower heart rate differences than the SKED (P = 0.01). Oxygen saturation did not differ for handling tool. Interestingly, caretakers scored SKED and SLED as easiest for moving all cadavers. In conclusion, the MDS did not have any restraints, so when moving the cadavers they would slide off, and legs and heads became impeded in the alley gates preventing smooth transition. Therefore, the SKED and SLED would be recommended as practical handling tools to move grow-finish pig cadavers on-farm.

Association Between Maternal Anti-HPA1a Antibodies and Birth Weight of the Newborn.

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (22) ◽  
pp. 2405-2405
Author(s):  
Heidi Tiller ◽  
Mette Kjaer Killie ◽  
Anne Husebekk ◽  
Bjorn Skogen ◽  
Heyu Ni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Antibody Level ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Β3 Integrin ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Antibody Levels

Abstract Abstract 2405 Poster Board II-382 Background: When the mother develops antibodies against fetal platelets, fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) can occur, with intracranial haemorrhage as the most severe complication. The frequency of FNAIT is reported to be 1:1,100 live births. The main immunogenic platelet alloantigen system in the Caucasian population is the human platelet antigen 1 (HPA1). The β3 integrin, housing the HPA1 antigen epitope on platelets, is also found on endothelial cells and invasive trophoblasts. It is therefore conceivable that maternal alloantibodies against the β3 integrin could have a direct effect on development and thereby function of the placenta. The aim of the study was to investigate whether the presence of maternal anti-HPA1a antibodies affects birth weight. Methods: We studied 74 term deliveries (≥ 37 gestational weeks) from HPA1a negative women in Norway during 1995-2008 where anti-HPA1a antibody status during pregnancy and corresponding birth weight were known. Most of the participants were selected from a prospective screening study of HPA1a negative pregnancies. Participants were also recruited from a registry in the National reference laboratory for clinical platelet immunology. The study was approved by the Regional Committee for Medical Research Ethics, North Norway. General data concerning the pregnancy and the neonate were \.{/MAIN;222}recorded. Specific data regarding maternal HPA1a immunization status included anti-HPA1a antibody levels measured during pregnancy and post partum. A linear mixed model was used to analyze the influence of maternal anti-HPA1a antibody level on the newborn birth weight. The dependent variable in the model was birth weight. Maternal age and parity, anti-HPA1a antibody level around 34 weeks of gestation, gestational age at time of delivery, sex of neonate and Apgar scores after 1 and 5 minutes were included as independent variables. All independent variables were classified as covariates with fixed effects. Since birth weights among siblings are not independent observations, the model treated each woman as one subject. Results: The mean birth weight was 3,050 grams when maternal anti-HPA1a antibodies were detected at any level or time during pregnancy (n= 47, 95% C.I. = 2952-3148). If no maternal anti-HPA1a antibodies were detected during pregnancy, the mean birth weight was 3,622 grams (n= 27, 95% C.I. = 3398-3845).We found a highly significant association between anti-HPA1a antibody levels around gestational week 34 and corresponding birth weight in the mixed model analysis, both when using antibody levels as a dichotomy variable (p = 0.006) and when dividing antibody levels into 3 intervals (no antibody detected, less than 3 IU/ml or more than 3 IU/ml, p = 0.011). Anti-HPA1a antibody level treated as a continuous variable was not significantly associated with birth weight (p = 0.057). Conclusions: We have demonstrated a significant correlation between the presence and level of maternal anti-HPA1a antibodies during pregnancy and neonatal birth weight. Our findings support the hypothesis that HPA1a alloimmunization affects more than just neonatal platelet counts, and should be considered even a placental disorder. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Genetic evaluation of crossbred lamb production. 1. Breed and fixed effects for birth and weaning weight of first-cross lambs, gestation length, and reproduction of base ewes

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 443 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Fogarty ◽  
V. M. Ingham ◽  
A. R. Gilmour ◽  
L. J. Cummins ◽  
G. M. Gaunt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Genetic Evaluation ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Frozen Semen ◽  
Lamb Survival ◽  
Sire Breed

This is the first paper in a series that reports on a national maternal sire central progeny test program (MCPT) to evaluate the genetic variation for economically important production traits in first- and second-cross progeny of maternal and dual purpose (meat and wool) sires and the scope for genetic improvement. The MCPT program also provides direct linkages between breeds that will contribute information for across-breed genetic evaluation. Crossbred progeny by 91 sires from more than 7 maternal breeds (including Border Leicester, East Friesian, Finnsheep, Coopworth, White Suffolk, Corriedale, and Booroola Leicester) at 3 sites over 3 years with 3 link sires in common at each site and year were evaluated in this study. National estimated breeding values for the sires that were entered by industry breeders indicated that there was some selection for weight, but not other traits and the sires were generally representative of the maternal genetics available to the industry. There were 8377 base Merino and Corriedale ewes artificially inseminated with thawed-frozen semen from the 91 sires and 8193 crossbred lambs born and 6117 lambs weaned. Mixed model analyses of birth and weaning weight, lamb survival, and gestation length as well as fertility, litter size, and lamb weaning rate of the base ewes are reported. Sire breed was significant for birth weight (with a range of 4.0–4.4 kg at an average litter size of 1.8) and weaning weight (19.6–22.5 kg), as well as lamb survival (70–79%) and gestation length (147.1–150.3 days). Birth/rearing type was significant for all traits. Males were significantly heavier than females at birth and weaning, although there was no sex difference for lamb survival or gestation length when birthweight was included in the model. Pregnancy rate from the artificially inseminated base ewes varied from 40 to 84% at the 3 locations in the various years. Sire breed was significant for the number of lambs weaned per ewe lambing, but not for fetal number or litter size born. There were also significant differences in performance due to the source of the base ewes at each site.

Genetic evaluation of crossbred lamb production. 2. Breed and fixed effects for post-weaning growth, carcass, and wool of first-cross lambs

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 455 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Fogarty ◽  
V. M. Ingham ◽  
A. R. Gilmour ◽  
L. J. Cummins ◽  
G. M. Gaunt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Meat Colour ◽  
Fleece Weight ◽  
Sire Breed

The study evaluated post-weaning growth, carcass characteristics, and wool production of crossbred progeny of 91 sires from more than 7 maternal breeds (including Border Leicester, East Friesian, Finnsheep, Coopworth, White Suffolk, Corriedale, and Booroola Leicester). The sires were joined to Merino and Corriedale ewes at 3 sites over 3 years with 3 link sires in common at each site and year. Post-weaning weight at an average age of 200 days of 2841 ewes and 3027 wethers was analysed using mixed model procedures. The wethers were slaughtered at an average age of 214 days and carcass weight, fat, muscle, meat colour, and ultimate pH (24 h post-slaughter) were analysed. For ewes, hogget fleece weight, yield, fibre diameter, and faecal worm egg count (FEC) were analysed. Sire breed was significant (P < 0.01), with a range of 32.8–39.0 kg for post-weaning weight, 19.1–22.8 kg for hot carcass weight, and for carcass fat levels (11.1–17.2 mm at the GR site (FatGR) and 3.4–6.5 mm at the C site, adjusted to 22 kg carcass weight), with the East Friesian cross carcasses being very lean (FatGR 11.1 mm). Sire breed was significant for eye muscle area (P < 0.01) but not for eye muscle depth, meat colour L* (brightness), or ultimate pH. Sire breed was significant (P < 0.01) for greasy and clean fleece weight (CFW), yield, and fibre diameter (FD), with ranges of 0.9 kg (CFW) and 4.6 μm (FD). Sire breed was not significant for FEC. Type of birth and rearing classification was significant for most traits. National estimated breeding values for the sires that were entered by industry breeders indicated that they covered a range of genetic merit for most traits within their respective breeds and were generally representative of the maternal genetics available in the industry. Where there were large differences between the sire mean and breed mean breeding values the effects on crossbred progeny performance would be small and not expected to affect our conclusions about the breed differences reported. The results provide lamb producers with comparative information on sire breeds for growth, carcass and wool traits. The considerable variation among individual sires within the respective breeds will be reported in later papers.

HOMOGAMETIC HETEROSIS IN CROSSBREEDING EXPERIMENTS WITH SHEEP

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. FAHMY
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Breed Crosses ◽  
Daily Gain

Data from two crossbreeding experiments with sheep were analyzed to test the difference in heterosis between males and females in the F1, backcross, and three-breed crosses. The characters studied were birth and weaning weights and preweaning daily gain. In the F1 no marked differences in heterosis in weaning weight and preweaning gain were observed between sexes while in birth weight the two experiments gave conflicting results. In backcrosses and the three-breed crosses, females showed higher heterosis than males in the three characters studied. The ratios of heterosis in males to that in females did not support the hypothesis that differences between sexes in heterosis are due to the action of the sex chromosomes. The results of the two experiments suggested a possible interaction between the X and Y chromosomes of different breeds. The results in general did not give good evidence of homogametic heterosis in crossbreeding experiments with sheep.

scholarly journals Dam effect confirmation on weaning weight of Boer Goat crosses in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 902 (1) ◽  
pp. 012001
Author(s):  
T Nugroho ◽  
A Nurhidayati ◽  
N Widyas ◽  
S Prastowo
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Boer Goat ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Weight Trait ◽  
Observation Results ◽  
Birth Type

Abstract This study aimed to confirm the present of dam effect on weaning weight trait of Boer goat crosses. A total of 1081 weaning weight records (standardized to 77 days) from 527 does and 16 bucks were analyzed. Data were derived from Boer, Boerja F1 (Boer 3 × Jawarandu ?), and Boerja F2 (Boer 3 × Boerja F1 ?). Two statistic models namely Model 1 and Model 2 were compared using F-test for overall significance. Model 1 is Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) which consist only fixed effect as factor, while Model 2 is mixed model which includes fixed effect as factor and dam as a random effect. The fixed effects in both models are buck, doe type, parity of the dam, sex of kid, birth type, and year of observation. Results showed that buck, doe type, sex, birth type, and observation year affect significantly (P<0.05) to weaning weight, while parity had no effect (P=0.53). Based on the model’s comparison, there was a significant difference (P<0.05) between Model 1 and Model 2. Therefore, it is confirmed the present of dam effect on the weaning weight trait of Boer goat crosses in the studied population.

scholarly journals Effect of genetic and environmental factors on the phenotype characteristics of lambs

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.P. Petrovic ◽  
Caro Petrovic ◽  
D. Ruzic-Muslic ◽  
N. Maksimovic ◽  
M.M. Petrovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Average Birth Weight ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Package Program ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of environmental factors affecting body weight variability of lambs in two crossbreed groups: Pirot x W?rttemberg and Sjenica x W?rttemberg. Both populations were managed under the same farm conditions. The data were analyzed to determine the effect of age of the dam, weight of dam, birth type, sex, year and season, on the birth weight and weaning weight of crossbreed lambs. Statistical analysis was performed by GLM procedure using the SPSS statistical package program. The average birth weight of Pirot x W?rttemberg lambs was 3.56 kg while Sjenica x W?rttemberg lambs was slightly higher at 3.69 kg. The difference on birth weight between the two crosses was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The average weaning weight of Pirot x W?rttemberg lambs was 23.54 kg while Sjenica x W?rttemberg lambs had higher weight at 24.37 kg. The difference of 0.83 kg on weaning weight was statistically significant (P <0.05). Body weight, depending on the environmental factors, ranged from 3.17 to 3.96 kg at birth and from 22.12 to 24.18 kg at weaning in Pirot x W?rttemberg lambs. Body weight of Sjenica x W?rttemberg lambs ranged from 3.39 to 3.99 kg at birth and from 22.69 to 25.44 kg at weaning. Statistical analysis showed that the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05) and highly significant (P<0.01).

91 Assessing Variability of Herd Sire Economic Value for Commercial Operations

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 46-47
Author(s):  
Logan Dodd ◽  
David Anderson ◽  
David G Riley ◽  
Barton Johnson ◽  
Andy D Herring
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Birth Date ◽  
Weight Class ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Calf Performance ◽  
Breeding Groups ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Breeding Seasons

Abstract Number of calves (n = 596) and weaning calf value (n = 574) from natural service, multi-sire breeding groups were evaluated in a crossbred research herd. Sires and dams that were F1 crosses of Angus (A) and Nellore (N) were mated annually during 60 to 90-day breeding seasons to produce spring-born calves in 2009–2015. Numbers of sires used annually varied from 5 to 9; numbers of females exposed per bull ranged from 14 to 22 across years. Bulls were pastured together throughout the year as well as breeding seasons. Sires were identified based on calf DNA genotyping. Calf number, birth date, birth weight, weaning weight, and economic value were determined per bull annually. Calf value was based on weaning weight and reported prices for respective weaning dates. Calf prices were calculated separately for steers and heifers relative to 22.7 kg (50 lb) increments for corresponding weight class and year. Mixed model analyses were conducted that included fixed categorical effects of calf birth year, type of F1 sire (A-sired vs. N-sired), sire nested within type, calf sex, and the interaction of F1 sire type with calf sex. Covariates of Julian birth date and calf weaning age were included for birth weight and weaning weight, respectively. Large differences in calf numbers and performance (P &lt; 0.05) were observed. Weaned calves produced annually per sire ranged from 0 to 48. Average annual calf performance per sire ranged from 28.4 to 50.8 kg for birth weight and 146.5 to 249.0 kg for weaning weight. Annual economic value per sire ranged from $0 to $30,870 when considering half of each calf’s value as attributed to the sire. Commercial producers should consider potential sire variability for calf numbers, birth date distribution, and ratio of female-to-male calves in combination with calf performance for economic assessments.

scholarly journals Estimates of genetic parameters of growth traits of Nellore cattle in the Midwest region of Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 846-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudio Vieira de Araújo ◽  
Raysildo Barbosa Lôbo ◽  
Luis Gustavo Girardi Figueiredo ◽  
Cláudio Jonasson Mousquer ◽  
Monyka Marianna Massoloni Laureano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Environmental Variance ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Nellore Cattle ◽  
Midwest Region ◽  
Estimate Variance ◽  
Genetic Value

Records of birth weight (BW) and weights standardized to 210 (W210); 365 (W365) and 550 (W550) of age in the Nellore breed were used to estimate variance components of genetic effects and predict genetic values of sires. The model included the fixed effects of contemporary group and cow age at calving as co-variable, and the additive and maternal genetic, permanent maternal environmental, and temporary environmental random effects. Estimates of means and standard deviations for BW, W210; W365 and W550 were 32.76 ± 3.74; 184.30 ± 29.02; 240.31 ± 41.85 and 322.12 ± 60.77, respectively. A significant additive genetic variability was detected for all weights. The permanent maternal environmental variance showed greater relevance on weaning weight, and it was practically inexistent after weaning. For the maternal genetic variance, the estimate for birth weight was more significant as compared with weaning weight. The estimated heritability values for BW, W210; W365 and W550 were 0.37 ± 0.02; 0.36 ± 0.03; 031 ± 0.01 and 0.38 ± 0.02, respectively. Genetic correlations between birth weight and other weights were of low magnitude, with high values of weights at other ages. The use of sires of higher genetic value for total maternal effect makes it possible to use sires that are more positive for weaning weight and also for year and yearling weight.

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