scholarly journals 113 Mineral Supplementation Effects in Stocker Cattle Performance Grazed on Wheat Seeded Native Pastures

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 47-48
Author(s):  
Kaylee R Kipp ◽  
Douglas Eborn ◽  
Megan P Owen
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Performance Technology ◽  
Southeast United States ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Mineral Supplementation ◽  
Stocker Cattle ◽  
Native Pastures ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Protein Block

Abstract One way to extend the grazing season in the southeast United States is to plant cool-season forages into native pastures to provide additional forages for the winter and spring grazing. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of two different medicated (Monensin) supplementation types, with or without protein, on stocker calves grazing native pasture overseeded with wheat through the months of February to May. Cross-bred steers (n = 36; BW = 291.76 kg ± 29.92) and heifers (n = 29; BW = 288.17 kg ± 25.22), sired primarily by Hereford bulls, were assigned to two treatment groups at two locations blocked by sex and weight. All mineral supplementation was provided ad libitum. The first supplementation consisted of a commercial loose mineral (Advanced Mineral Performance Technology (AMPT); ADM; Quincy, Illinois), and the second was a commercial protein block (MoorMan’s, Mintrate Blonde Block RU; ADM; Quincy, IL) containing 42.0% Crude Protein. Average Daily Gain was compared using PROC MIX with the main effects: treatment, pasture, gender, and their interactions. The starting weights of the treatment groups were not different (P = 0.996). No significant interactions (P < 0.05) were detected and only the main effects will be reported. Steers gained more (P < 0.0001) than heifers (1.25 kg ± 0.025 kg vs. 0.96 kg ± 0.029 kg, respectively). ADG for the mineral was 1.14 kg ± 0.027 kg, compared to 1.06 kg ± 0.028 kg for the protein block (P < 0.05). Differences in ADG was observed between pastures (P < 0.07). At 124 days the final body weight of heifers averaged 119.56 kg and the steers averaged 154.70 kg. These results indicate that the mineral improved ADG over the block supplementation.

scholarly journals PSX-14 Effects of thyme or/and celery on feed utilization, growth performance and meat quality of Barki lambs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 452-452
Author(s):  
Uchenna Anele ◽  
Mahmoud Shaaban ◽  
Ahmed Kholif ◽  
Ahmed Abd El Tawab ◽  
Mohamed Radwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Corn Stover ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Treatment Groups

Abstract The current study evaluated the effects of in-feed administration of thyme, celery or their mixture (as an alternative to salinomycin ionophore) on feed utilization and growth performance of Barki lambs. Fifty-five lambs weighing 18.5 ± 1.1 kg and about 90 ± 5 days old were stratified into 5 treatment groups and fed: (1) a control diet of concentrates and corn stover (60:40, on dry matter basis), or the control diet supplemented with (2) 15 g of thyme, (3) 15 g of celery, (4) 15 g of thyme and celery mix, or (5) 1 g of salinomycin/lamb daily for 288 days. Additives increased (P < 0.05) both corn stover and total intakes, while thyme and thyme/celery mix increased nutrient digestibility (P < 0.05) compared with the control treatment. Celery, thyme/celery mix and salinomycin treatments decreased serum cholesterol. Celery increased (P < 0.05) final body weight, weight gain and average daily gain without affecting shrunk liveweight, hot carcass weight or dressing percent. Thyme/celery mix increased fat thickness (P < 0.001), while thyme, celery and thyme/celery mix treatments increased (P = 0.001) the ribeye area. Salinomycin, celery and thyme treatments increased (P < 0.05) the lean proportion and decreased the fat proportion. Thyme, celery and thyme/celery mix treatments decreased (P < 0.001) carcass protein, while thyme and thyme/celery treatments increased (P = 0.001) carcass water holding capacity. Salinomycin, thyme and celery treatments decreased (P = 0.002) meat brightness score, while celery treatment increased (P < 0.05) redness of meat, without affecting yellowness, chroma or hue of the meat. Results in the present showed that these natural additives are comparable to salinomycin but further studies are necessary to validate the results and their mechanism of action.

scholarly journals PSXII-10 The effects of different mineral supplementation strategies on feedlot performance of mineral deficient cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 438-438
Author(s):  
Tevan J Brady ◽  
Caleb C Reichhardt ◽  
Reganne K Briggs ◽  
Laura A Smith ◽  
Kara J Thornton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Time ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Liver Copper ◽  
Time Treatment ◽  
Mineral Supplementation ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Mineral Concentrations ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Mineral deficient cattle that enter a feedlot have been documented to have increased morbidity and mortality rates and decreased feedlot performance. The objective of this research was to explore current practices used by feedlot producers when receiving mineral deficient cattle. To accomplish this, forty steers were blocked by weight and mineral status, then assigned to one of four treatment groups: control (Con; n = 10), industry mineral requirements (IND; n = 10) top dressed on TMR fed, 2X industry mineral requirements (2XIND; n = 10) top dressed on TMR fed, and MultiMin® injection at labeled dose (MM; n = 10). All steers received the same ration in pens equipped with GrowSafe® bunks. Standing liver biopsies were collected on day 0, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 and analyzed for mineral content. Steers were weighed on day 0, 14, 28, 41, 56, 70, 84, and 110. Average daily gain (ADG), dry matter intake (DMI) and feed efficiency (FE) were recorded. After the trial, steers were harvested at a commercial facility and carcass data was obtained from the plant. There were no differences (P > 0.05) in weight gain or overall ADG between treatment groups. When analyzed over time, treatment had an effect (P < 0.001) on liver copper and selenium concentrations, but no effects (P > 0.05) were observed on liver manganese and zinc concentrations. Additionally, when DMI was analyzed over time, effects (P < 0.05) of time, treatment, and treatment*time were observed, and effects (P < 0.05) of time and treatment*time were observed on FE. Treatment had no effect (P > 0.05) on carcass data. These data indicate that different mineral supplementation strategies have diverse effects on feedlot performance and liver mineral concentrations over time.

scholarly journals Effects of added fat on growth performance of finishing pigs sorted by initial weight1

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 307-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad W Hastad ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
Steve S Dritz ◽  
Robert D Goodband ◽  
Joel M Derouchey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Weight Category ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
White Grease ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Light Group

Abstract Two studies were conducted to determine whether dietary fat fed to pigs of different weight categories differentially influences growth performance. Both experiments were conducted in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement with main effects of dietary fat addition (0 or 6% choice white grease) and sort weight category (HEAVY, LIGHT, or MIXED). In experiment 1, 1,032 pigs (initially 30.7 kg) were individually weighed and sorted into two body weight (BW) groups with one group consisting of pigs greater than median BW and the other group less than median BW. Pens were then formed by randomly selecting pigs: 1) only from heavy group (HEAVY), 2) only from light group (LIGHT), or 3) from both heavy and light groups to create a normal distribution around barn BW mean (simulation of unsorted pigs; MIXED). In experiment 2, 1,176 pigs (initially 35.1 kg) were visually sorted into BW groups and assigned to HEAVY, LIGHT, and MIXED pen weight categories. Overall in experiment 1, adding 6% dietary fat increased average daily gain (ADG) of LIGHT pigs, but not HEAVY pigs (HEAVY vs. LIGHT × fat interaction, P = 0.03), but increased (P < 0.05) ADG regardless of sort category in experiment 2. In both experiments, HEAVY pigs had greater (P < 0.05) overall ADG and average daily feed intake (ADFI), but decreased (P < 0.05) G:F compared with LIGHT pigs. However, when HEAVY and LIGHT treatment groups were combined, growth performance and carcass characteristics were similar to MIXED pigs. Sorting decreased coefficient of variation (CV) of final BW but did not affect CV of ADG. In conclusion, because adding fat to the diets of lightweight pigs improved ADG in both experiments, dietary fat could be used selectively in the barn to increase the weight of the lightest 50% of the pigs. However, the sorting pigs into light and heavy weight groups did not improve growth performance or carcass characteristics.

scholarly journals PSIV-B-28 Late-Breaking: Performance and carcass quality of Nelore bull’s progenies with contrasting traits for precocity, growth and muscularity

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 319-321
Author(s):  
Taiane S Martins ◽  
Juliana Silva ◽  
Lenise Mueller ◽  
Tamyres Amorim ◽  
Annelise Aila G Lobo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Longissimus Muscle ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Nelore Cattle ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract The goal of this study was to evaluate the performance and the carcass traits of Nelore cattle progenies from bulls selected by contrasting traits for precocity, growth and muscularity, through the Expected Progeny Difference (EPD). One hundred and five Nelore bulls (initial weight of 350kg±15kg) and 20 months of age were confined and fed with same diet (73% of concentrate). Thirty-two animals were selected to create the contrasting groups for precocity, growth and muscularity (16 animals assigned as a low EPD group - LEPD and 16 animals assigned as a high EPD group - HEPD), based on the EPD of their parents. The ribeye area and backfat thickness were performed by ultrasonography of 12–13th rib fat thickness and longissimus muscle area (LMA), as well as rump fat thickness (RF) measurements. Animals were harvested after 100 days and during the deboning, meat cuts were weight for cutting yield. The animals selected for the HEPD group had greater average daily gain (P = 0.006), which can be explained by the higher feed intake (P = 0.006). However, there are no difference between groups for the final body weight (P = 0.254) and feed efficiency (P = 0.715). The LEPD group presented higher dressing percentage (P = 0.028). Although the groups evaluated did not presented difference in LMA (P = 0.329) and weight of longissimus muscle (P = 0.480), the weight of rump displayed heaviest in the HEPD (P = 0.037). There was no difference between groups for RF (P = 0.086). Nevertheless, backfat thickness was higher in HEPD group (P = 0.006). The present study indicates that Nelore cattle progenies, with parents displaying higher potential for precocity, growth, and muscularity, show greater backfat thickness and weightiest of rump than the other genetic backgrounds. Thanks to FAPESP for the scholarship (Grant # 2017/02349–1).

scholarly journals Nucleotide Supplementation to Whole Milk Has Beneficial Effects on Post-Weaning Holstein Calf Performance

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Yousef Abbaslou ◽  
Davood Zahmatkesh ◽  
Ehsan Mahjoubi ◽  
Mehdi Hossein Yazdi ◽  
Hamed Beiranvand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Calf Performance ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Fecal Score

The positive effects of nucleotide (NU) supplementation in milk replacer have been elucidated in infants and in dairy calves; however, NU addition to whole milk has not been evaluated previously. This study aimed to assess NU supplementation in the whole milk on calf growth and health. Thirty Holstein calves (body weight: 39.1 ± 1.0 kg; 3 d after birth) were randomly assigned to the following treatments: whole milk without any supplementation (NU0), whole milk + 0.5 g/d added a NU-containing supplement to whole milk (NUCS0.5), and whole milk + 1 g/d added a NU-containing supplement to whole milk (NUCS1). Calves were weaned at d 55 and stayed on study until d 75. Calves had free access to feed and water throughout the study. Dry matter intakes (DMI) were similar among treatments (p > 0.05) during the pre-weaning period; however, increasing NU resulted in a linear (p < 0.05) increase in DMI during the post weaning period (2158, 2432, and 2518 g/d for NU0, NUCS0.5, and NUCS1, respectively). Treatments did not affect body weight (BW) at the first and second month of study, but final BW linearly increased as NU was added (87.1, 90.6, and 95.4 kg for NU0, NUCS0.5, and NUCS1, respectively). Neither pre-weaning average daily gain nor post-weaning average daily gain was affected by treatments; accordingly, feed efficiency was similar among treatment groups. Days with loose fecal score were linearly decreased as NU was added to whole milk during the first month of life, while the fecal score did not differ among treatments until the end of the study. No difference was observed in the skeletal growth of calves in the current study. Therefore, it can be concluded that NU supplementation in the whole milk has some beneficial effects on calf performance in terms of final BW, post-weaning DMI, and less days with loose feces.

scholarly journals 140 Influence of Enogen Feed Corn and Conventional Yellow Dent Corn in Pelleted or Meal-based Diets on Finishing Pig Performance and Carcass Characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 71-71
Author(s):  
Hadley Williams ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
Robert D Goodband ◽  
Joel M DeRouchey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Starch Gelatinization ◽  
Dent Corn ◽  
Conditioning Temperature ◽  
Finishing Pig ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
Pellet Form ◽  
Main Effects

Abstract Previous research has indicated that starch gelatinization during the pelleting process is greater for Enogen® Feed corn compared to conventional yellow dent corn. Increasing starch gelatinization in the pellet increases the starch digestibility in the pig, which potentially leads to increased growth rate. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of feeding Enogen Feed corn in meal or pellet form on finishing pig growth performance and carcass characteristics. A total of 288 pigs (53.0 ± 0.5 kg) were used with 8 pigs/pen and 9 pens/treatment in a 72-d study. Treatments were arranged in a 2×2 factorial with main effects of corn source (Enogen Feed corn or conventional yellow dent corn) and diet form (meal or pellet). Main effects of corn source and diet form as well as their interactions were tested. Pelleting parameters were established with a target conditioner temperature of 82.2°C and corn moisture of 13 to 14%. When pelleting the diets, the conditioning temperature for conventional yellow dent corn averaged 68.4°C and Enogen Feed corn averaged 67.7°C. The hot pellet temperature for conventional yellow dent corn averaged 75.1°C and 75.8°C for Enogen feed corn. For overall performance (d 0 to 72), no interactions between corn source and diet form were observed (P &gt; 0.05). There was a tendency (P &lt; 0.10) for slightly improved average daily gain (ADG) and gain:feed ratio (G:F) for pigs fed conventional yellow dent corn compared to those fed Enogen Feed corn. Pigs fed pelleted diets had increased (P &lt; 0.001) ADG, G:F, and hot carcass weight compared to pigs fed meal diets. In summary, feeding pelleted diets to finishing pigs increased ADG and G:F compared to those fed meal-based diets. There were no major differences observed between corn sources or interactions between corn source and diet form on growth performance.

A 'protein bank' of Lotus uliginosus cv. Maku as an alternative to conventional protein supplements for weaned lambs grazing on natural pastures during summer and autumn

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
L. Piaggio ◽  
M. de J. Marichal ◽  
A. Pastorín
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Homogeneous Groups ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Natural Pasture ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
Protein Block ◽  
Lotus Uliginosus

The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of restricted grazing of an improved natural pasture as an alternative to conventional protein supplements for weaned lambs grazing natural pastures during summer–autumn. Two natural pastures that differed in dry matter allowances were used as basal diets. Sixty Corriedale lambs, 3 months old, were divided into 10 homogeneous groups. For each natural pasture, one group of lambs was randomly assigned to one of the following treatments (at 10 lambs/ha): continuous grazing (control); control + protein block (150 g/lamb. day); control + soybean meal (100 g/lamb. day); control + supplemental protein obtained from grazing for 3 h/day a natural pasture improved with Lotus uliginosus cv. Maku; or same as previous, except that grazing was allowed 1 in 3 days. Performance results (final bodyweight, average daily gain, and difference between initial and final body scores) were analysed as a completely randomised block design with subsampling. Lambs grazing 3 h/day or 1 in 3 days on improved pasture or supplemented with soybean meal showed better (P < 0.05) performance than non-supplemented lambs. Lambs consuming the protein block performed similarly (P > 0.05) to control lambs. The experiment demonstrated that feeding strategies using controlled grazing of natural pastures improved with lotus Maku or soybean meal supplementation are effective to achieve target growth rates of weaned lambs grazing natural pastures in summer–autumn.

172 Effects of Dietary Valine, Isoleucine, and Tryptophan Supplementations to Diets Containing Excess Leucine from Corn Protein on Growth Performance of Growing Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 61-62
Author(s):  
Woongbi Bi Kwon ◽  
Jose A Soto ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Corn Protein ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that addition of Val, Ile, or Trp alone or in combination will reduce the negative effects of excess Leu in diets for growing pigs. A total of 288 growing pigs (28.6 ± 2.5 kg) were randomly assigned to 1 of 9 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design. There were 2 barrows and 2 gilts in each pen and 8 replicate pens per treatment. A control diet based on corn and soybean meal and 8 diets based on corn and a high-protein corn product (48% crude protein) with 2 levels of crystalline L-Val (0 or 0.10%), L-Ile (0 or 0.10%), and L-Trp (0 or 0.05%) were formulated. The crystalline L-Val, L-Ile, and L-Trp increased standardized ileal digestible (SID) Val:Lys from 70 to 80%, SID Ile:Lys from 53 to 63%, and SID Trp:Lys from 18 to 23%, respectively. All diets were formulated to contain 1.00% SID Lys and the 8 diets containing corn protein contained 171% SID Leu:Lys. Individual pig weights were recorded at the beginning and at the conclusion of the 28-d experiment. Data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED of SAS with a pen as the experimental unit. Diet was the fixed effect and block and replicate within block were random effects. Results indicated that final body weight and average daily gain were not different between pigs fed the control diet and pigs fed the diet with Val and Trp addition, but greater (P &lt; 0.001) than for pigs fed the diet with Val addition, Ile addition, Trp addition, Val and Ile addition, Ile and Trp addition, or Val, Ile, and Trp addition (Table 1). In conclusion, addition of Val and Trp to diets with excess Leu may prevent negative effects of excess Leu in diets for growing pigs.

PSX-B-5 Effect of replacement of dry-rolled corn with un-processed rye on growth performance, efficiency of dietary net energy utilization, and carcass traits of finishing heifers

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 458-459
Author(s):  
Keith M Buckhaus ◽  
Warren C Rusche ◽  
Zachary K Smith
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Trenbolone Acetate ◽  
Finishing Diets

Abstract Continental × British beef heifers were used in a randomized complete block design experiment to evaluate the effects of replacing dry-rolled corn with unprocessed rye on growth performance, efficiency of dietary net energy (NE) utilization, and carcass trait responses in finishing heifers. Heifers (n = 56; 433 ± 34.0 kg) were transported 241 km from a regional sale barn to the Ruminant Nutrition Center in Brookings, SD. Heifers were blocked by weight grouping and then allotted to pens (n = 7 heifers/pen and 4 pens/treatment). Treatments included a finishing diet that contained 60% grain (DM basis) as dry-rolled corn (DRC) or unprocessed rye grain (RYE). On d 14, heifers were consuming the final diet and were implanted with 200 mg of trenbolone acetate and 28 mg of estradiol benzoate (Synovex-Plus, Zoetis, Parsippany, NJ). RYE heifers had decreased (P ≤ 0.01) final body weight, average daily gain, and gain efficiency; but tended (P = 0.08) to have a greater dry matter intake compared to DRC. RYE had decreased (P ≤ 0.01) observed dietary NE and decreased (P ≤ 0.01) observed-to-expected dietary NE ratio for maintenance and gain compared to DRC. Dressing percentage, 12th rib fat thickness, ribeye area, and the distribution of USDA yield and quality grades were not altered (P ≥ 0.12) by diet. Hot carcass weight, yield grade, estimated empty body fat (EBF), and body weight at 28% EBF decreased (P ≤ 0.02) and retail yield increased (P= 0.01) in RYE compared to DRC. These data indicate that unprocessed rye is a palatable feed ingredient for inclusion in finishing diets for beef cattle and that rye inclusion only minimally influences carcass quality. The feeding value of unprocessed rye is considerably less (21.4%) than that of dry-rolled corn using current standards and approximately 91% of the NE value of processed rye.

Effect of Yeast Type and Dose on Growth Performance and Nutrient Digestibility of Growing Rabbits Fed Maize or Barley

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amr M.A. Elmasry ◽  
Luis A. Miranda ◽  
Germán Mendoza ◽  
Fernando X. Plata
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Yeast Concentration

Background: The effects of the probiotics vary with the doses and strains used for this reason, a study was conducted over 35 days to determine the effect of live yeast supplementation in the diet of growing rabbits on growth performance and apparent nutrient digestibility.Methods: A total of 60 New Zealand and California rabbits (5 weeks old, average body weight 0.881±0.015 kg) were housed in 30 cages. They were fed with a control diet based on alfalfa and maize or barley grains and supplemented with Procreatin®7 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I 1077) or Biosaf® SC47 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCYC Sc47) at three doses, namely 0, 6.4, or 12.8 ×109 CFU per kg basal diet.Result: The higher yeast concentration had a positive effect (P less than 0.01) on final body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG) and carcass weight (CW). However, there were no significant differences in dry matter intake. As a result of this, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) decreased (P less than 0.01). Significant increases (P less than 0.05) in nutrient digestibility (DM, OM, NDF and ADF) were observed with both grains. The use of yeast in maize and barley-based diets of rabbits has positive effects on growth performance and nutrient digestibility.

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