B. Gerson and J.P. Anhalt. High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, American Society of Clincal Pathologists, Chicago, 1980, 300 pp., $35.00

1981 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-152
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring ◽  
High Pressure Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Drug Monitoring ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
American Society

An update on digoxin.

1989 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 1326-1331 ◽  
Author(s):  
J A Stone ◽  
S J Soldin
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring ◽  
Drug Monitoring ◽  
The Body ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Receptor Assays ◽  
Digoxin Metabolites

Abstract This review deals briefly with recent developments in the therapeutic drug monitoring of digoxin. Strategies for decreasing the interference by digoxin metabolites, digoxin-like factors, and spironolactone metabolites in immunoassays of digoxin are discussed. Other issues addressed include the development of alternative methods of analysis, such as receptor assays and "high-pressure" liquid chromatography; digoxin-like factors in hypertension; drug-drug interactions; redistribution of digoxin stores in the body; and forensic considerations.

scholarly journals A Novel, Rapid, and Low-Volume Assay for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Posaconazole and Other Long-Chain Azole-Class Antifungal Drugs

mSphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory R. Wiedman ◽  
Yanan Zhao ◽  
David S. Perlin
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Drug Monitoring ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Human Serum Samples ◽  
Long Chain

ABSTRACT Clinicians need a better way to accurately monitor the concentration of antimicrobials in patient samples. In this report, we describe a novel, low-sample-volume method to monitor the azole-class antifungal drug posaconazole, as well as certain other long-chain azole-class antifungal drugs in human serum samples. Posaconazole represents an important target for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) due to its widespread use in treating invasive fungal infections and well-recognized variability of pharmacokinetics. The current “gold standard” requires trough and peak monitoring through high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) or liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS). Other methods include bioassays that use highly susceptible strains of fungi in culture plates or 96-well formats to monitor concentrations. Currently, no method exists that is both highly accurate in detecting free drug concentrations and is also rapid. Herein, we describe a new method using reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and a fluorescently labeled aptamer, which can accurately assess clinically relevant concentrations of posaconazole and other long-chain azole-class drugs in little more than 1 h in a total volume of 100 µl. IMPORTANCE This work describes an effective assay for TDM of long-chain azole-class antifungal drugs that can be used in diluted human serum samples. This assay will provide a quick, cost-effective method for monitoring concentrations of drugs such as posaconazole that exhibit well-documented pharmacokinetic variability. Our rGO-aptamer assay has the potential to improve health care for those struggling to treat fungal infections in rural or resource-limited setting.

scholarly journals Sensitive and Rapid Quantification of Busulfan in Small Plasma Volumes by Liquid Chromatography–Electrospray Mass Spectrometry

2001 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1437-1442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E Mürdter ◽  
Janet Coller ◽  
Alexander Claviez ◽  
Frank Schönberger ◽  
Ute Hofmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring ◽  
Drug Monitoring ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Selected Ion Monitoring ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

Abstract Background: High-dose busulfan is widely used in conditioning regimens before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in both adults and children. Large interindividual variability in pharmacokinetics after oral administration has been reported; therefore, therapeutic drug monitoring of busulfan may decrease the incidence of drug-related toxicity (for example, hepatic venoocclusive disease) and may also improve therapeutic efficacy. Methods: Busulfan concentrations were quantified using 200 μL of plasma and liquid–liquid extraction with diethyl ether after the addition of [2H8]busulfan as the internal standard. Separation and detection of busulfan and [2H8]busulfan were achieved with a LUNA C8 column (5 μm; 150 × 2 mm i.d.) at 30 °C, a HP 1100 liquid chromatography system, and a HP 1100 single-quadrupole mass spectrometer. Busulfan and [2H8]busulfan were detected as ammonium adducts in selected-ion monitoring mode at m/z 264.2 and 272.2, respectively. Results: The calibration curve was linear at 5–2000 μg/L busulfan. Intra- and interassay imprecision (CV) and bias were both <11%. The limits of detection and quantification were 2 and 5 μg/L, respectively. Extraction recovery of busulfan was >87%. Analysis of pharmacokinetics in four patients receiving high-dose busulfan indicated that minimum busulfan concentrations before the next dose were 405–603 μg/L, with no interference observed. Conclusions: The new rapid and sensitive liquid chromatographic–mass spectrometric assay is an appropriate method for quantification of busulfan in human plasma, making therapeutic drug monitoring of busulfan faster and easier in clinical practice.

Therapeutic drug monitoring for sirolimus in whole blood of organ transplants by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection

2004 ◽  
Vol 1031 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 265-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Angel Campanero ◽  
Ernesto Cardenas ◽  
Belén Sádaba ◽  
Emilio Garcı́a-Quetglas ◽  
Maria Jose Muñoz-Juarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring ◽  
Drug Monitoring ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Organ Transplants ◽  
Ultraviolet Detection

Posaconazole Prophylaxis in Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Single Center Experience of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring.

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (21) ◽  
pp. 2595-2595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Pavan ◽  
Arianna Loregian ◽  
Angela Maria Quinto ◽  
Speranza Antonia Di Maggio ◽  
Silvana Pagni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring ◽  
Drug Monitoring ◽  
Salvage Therapy ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Single Center ◽  
Breakthrough Infection ◽  
Acute Myeloid

Abstract Abstract 2595 Background: Posaconazole is indicated for prophylaxis and salvage therapy of invasive fungal infections. Based on pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic data, a minimum serum concentration higher than 0.5 mg/L and 1.0 mg/L has been proposed for prophylaxis and therapy, respectively. While therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of plasma concentrations is widely accepted for triazole antifungal agents such as voriconazole, the utility of TDM for posaconazole is controversial due to debate over the relationship between posaconazole exposure in plasma and clinical response to therapy. In fact only few reports correlate posaconazole plasma concentrations (PPCs) with breakthrough infection. Methods: In this retrospective single center study we evaluated the correlation of PPCs with breakthrough invasive mould infections (IMIs) in 50 patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) who underwent chemoterapy (induction or salvage therapy) between July 2009 and March 2012. To measure the posaconazole concentration in human plasma, we developed and validated a rapid and simple high-performance liquid chromatography method. The method involved a solid-phase extraction of posaconazole using Oasis HLB cartridges, a reversed-phase liquid chromatography on an XTerra RP18 column with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile/ammonium acetate and ultraviolet detection. Patient characteristics and microbiological data such galactomannan detection and TDM were collected retrospectively. A total of 454 PPCs were measured before and 4 hours after administration in 50 patients with AML receiving posaconazole prophylaxis at dose of 200 mg 3 times/day. When plasma levels were below 0.5 mg/L, the dose was increased to 200 mg 4 times/day. Results: Average levels below the target of 0.5 μg/mL were detected in 38 (76%) out of 50 cases; 5 out of 38 cases showed plasma concentrations <0.20 μg/mL. Six patients (12%) receiving PCZ prophylaxis met the criteria of breakthrough infection (5 possible and 1 probable). Noteworthy, none of these patients achieved a complete remission after chemotherapy. Prior to development of IMIs, PPCs were below the target in 4 out of 6 (66%) cases experiencing breakthrough infection (between 0.2 and 0.5 μg/mL). Interestingly, only one patient had galactomannan positivity in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid whereas none of the cases had serum galactomannan. Furthermore, out of 13 patients with resistant disease who did not develop IMIs, 8 (62%) presented PCPs < 0.5 μg/mL. Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that low PPCs are common in patients receiving posaconazole prophylaxis during chemotherapy for AML. However, in spite of low PPCs, the rate of IMIs was low. This is possibly due to the good lung bioavailability of the drug, despite the presence of low drug serum levels. In addition, our data seems to confirm that refractory disease is a strong risk factor for the development of IMIs. Even in this high risk group, low PPCs did not correlate with high IMIs' incidence. A prospective evaluation of TDM of posaconazole is needed. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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