Racial Oppression and Racial Projects in Consumer Markets: A Racial Formation Theory Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Crockett
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Racial Inequality ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Racial Formation ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Racial Oppression ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Formation Theory ◽  
Consumer Markets ◽  
Institutional Actors

Abstract The dominant theoretical approach to exploring ethnic and racial inequality in marketing and consumer research focuses on discrete acts of discrimination that stem from social psychological causes (e.g., prejudice, stereotypes, and negative racial attitudes). It holds limited explanatory power for meso- and macro-structural phenomena that also generate racialized outcomes. An implication is that ethnic and racial inequality can be portrayed as something imposed on market systems rather than a routine feature of their functioning. In response, I introduce and synthesize two variants of Racial Formation Theory (RFT) and propose it as a useful theoretical approach for addressing whether and how organizational and institutional actors in market systems engage in goal-directed action that allocates resources in ways that challenge (or reinforce) ethnic and racial oppression.

scholarly journals Practice-driven journalism research: Impulses for a dynamic understanding of journalism in the context of its reorganization

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Buschow
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Technological Changes ◽  
Media Management ◽  
Explicit Consideration ◽  
Journalism Research

This paper proposes a practice-theoretical journalism research approach for an alternate and innovative perspective of digital journalism’s current empirical challenges. The practice-theoretical approach is introduced by demonstrating its explanatory power in relation to demarcation problems, technological changes, economic challenges and challenges to journalism’s legitimacy. Its respective advantages in dealing with these problems are explained and then compared to established journalism theories. The particular relevance of the theoretical perspective is due to (1) its central decision to observe journalistic practices, (2) the transgression of conventional journalistic boundaries, (3) the denaturalization of journalistic norms and laws, (4) the explicit consideration of a material, socio-technical dimension of journalism, (5) a focus on the conflicting relationship between journalistic practices and media management practices, and (6) prioritizing order generation over stability.

Competition, adaptation and mutation

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bronwyn Isaacs ◽  
Jane Dixon ◽  
Cathy Banwell ◽  
Sam-ang Seubsman ◽  
Matthew Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Chiang Mai ◽  
Food Markets ◽  
Food Practices ◽  
Western Development ◽  
Food Cultures ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
Conventions Theory ◽  
Development Trajectories

The speed at which international supermarkets chains have integrated themselves into Thai diets and food practices is without prior historical precedent. This article uses ethnographic data from Chiang Mai, Thailand, to examine how values surrounding food and food cultures are being sustained, are adapting and are being transformed. It examines both supermarkets and fresh markets as places where the values unfold in different ways. In discussing the sometimes competing, intermingling and mutating values, a Conventions Theory approach is adopted. The theory facilitates a discussion of the monetary, social and cultural evaluations of Chiang Mai’s food markets. In doing so it is argued that the conventions theoretical approach could usefully be extended from western settings to take account of non-western development trajectories and culture-economy interdependencies.

Toward a Sociology of Colonial Subjectivity: Political Agency in Haiti and Liberia

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricarda Hammer ◽  
Alexandre I. R. White
Keyword(s):  
Historical Sociology ◽  
Racial Formation ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Political Agency ◽  
Formation Theory ◽  
Racial Formations ◽  
Modern Politics ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
Black Agency

The authors seek to connect global historical sociology with racial formation theory to examine how antislavery movements fostered novel forms of self-government and justifications for state formation. The cases of Haiti and Liberia demonstrate how enslaved and formerly enslaved actors rethought modern politics at the time, producing novel political subjects in the process. Prior to the existence of these nations, self-determination by black subjects in colonial spaces was impossible, and each sought to carve out that possibility in the face of a transatlantic structure of slavery. This work demonstrates how Haitian and Liberian American founders responded to colonial structures, though in Liberia reproducing them albeit for their own ends. The authors demonstrate the importance of colonial subjectivities to the discernment of racial structures and counter-racist action. They highlight how anticolonial actors challenged global antiblack oppression and how they legitimated their self-governance and freedom on the world stage. Theorizing from colonized subjectivities allows sociology to begin to understand the politics around global racial formations and starts to incorporate histories of black agency into the sociological canon.

Racial Worldmaking

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Mark C. Jerng
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Popular Fiction ◽  
Racial Formation ◽  
Race And Racism ◽  
Formation Theory ◽  
Humanities And Social Sciences ◽  
Historical Accounts

This introduction describes the theory and method of racial worldmaking. Critiquing the dominant approach of racial formation theory for analyzing race in the humanities and social sciences, it distinguishes an approach based on racial salience - how, when, and where we notice race. It describes the interrelations among genre and race in terms of larger theories of worldbuilding. The archive of popular fiction from 1893 to the present is established and linked to major, overlooked modes of black and Asiatic racialization. This archive challenges prominent historical accounts of race and racism in the twentieth century.

A Lighter Shade of Brown? Racial Formation and Gentrification in Latino Los Angeles

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo Huante
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Racial Inequality ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Racial Formation ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Race And Class ◽  
Racial Ideologies ◽  
Boyle Heights

Abstract Conventional gentrification literature has meaningfully demonstrated how economic inequality is perpetuated in urban settings, but there has been a limited understanding of how racial inequality is maintained. Drawing from participant observation, interviews, and digital ethnography in the barrio of Boyle Heights in Los Angeles that were collected over five years, this study examines how gentrification functions as a racial project and supports new forms of racialization to maintain uneven development along racial lines. Examining the ways that racial formation processes unfurl at the local scale expands conventional understanding of racial formation theory and practice while, simultaneously, illustrating the centrality of place in race-making. This study finds new race and class formations are developed by casting the barrio itself and significant portions of the Mexican American population as “honorary white.” Despite colorblind and post-racial ideologies espoused in majority-minority cities like Los Angeles, this landscape fostered emerging racial formations alongside gentrification processes which have increased racial, political, and economic inequality.

Racial Worldmaking

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark C. Jerng
Keyword(s):  
Science Fiction ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Racial Inequality ◽  
Racial Formation ◽  
Critical Race Studies ◽  
Asian American Studies ◽  
Genre Fiction ◽  
The Social ◽  
Interpretive Strategies ◽  
Biological Representation

When does racial description become racism? Critical race studies has not come up with good answers to this question because it has overemphasized the visuality of race. According to dominant theories of racial formation, we see race on bodies and persons and then link those perceptions to unjust practices of racial inequality. Racial Worldmaking argues that we do not just see race. We are taught when, where, and how to notice race by a set of narrative and interpretive strategies. These strategies are named “racial worldmaking” because they get us to notice race not just at the level of the biological representation of bodies or the social categorization of persons. Rather, they get us to embed race into our expectations for how the world operates. These strategies find their most powerful expression in popular genre fiction: science fiction, romance, and fantasy. This book thus rethinks both racial formation in relation to African American and Asian American studies, as well as how scholars have addressed the relationships between literary representation and racial ideology. It analyzes how genre and race build worlds. In doing so, it engages questions central to our current moment: in what ways do we participate in racist worlds? How can we imagine and build an anti-racist world?

Theory in Social Psychology: Seeing the Forest and the Trees

2004 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaacov Trope
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Scientific Inquiry ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Social Judgment ◽  
Judgment And Decision Making ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Psychological Theories

The phenomena social psychology seeks to explain–how people think, feel, and act in response to social situations–are rich and diverse. Therefore, explanatory power, the simplicity of a model relative to its empirical scope, is an important desideratum for social psychological theories. A model achieves high explanatory power to the extent that it integrates narrower models within a unified conceptualization, reconciles conflicting findings, and makes novel predictions regarding specific phenomena. This article first relates explanatory power to the various facets of scientific inquiry (modeling, derivation, observation, evaluation, and decision) and then discusses this criterion as a guide for 2 theory-based lines of research my colleagues and I have conducted in the area of social judgment and decision making.

Examining Racial Bias in Education

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 508-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Warikoo ◽  
Stacey Sinclair ◽  
Jessica Fei ◽  
Drew Jacoby-Senghor
Keyword(s):  
Racial Inequality ◽  
Racial Bias ◽  
School Personnel ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Racial Equity ◽  
Inequality In Education ◽  
Social Psychological Research ◽  
New Perspective

In this article we argue that social-psychological research on implicit racial associations—relatively unconscious associations based on race—is a fruitful area to explore for a greater understanding of how racial bias affects children in schools. We highlight the key insights of research on implicit racial associations and their implications for education. Further, we identify areas for research on implicit racial associations in education, calling for collaboration between scholars of racial inequality in education and scholars of implicit racial associations. This research is likely to provide a productive new perspective for understanding why and when teachers and other school personnel engage in behaviors that reproduce racial inequality, often in spite of best intentions and commitments to racial equity.

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