Developing a Systems Approach for Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on ‘Hass’ Avocado in South Africa

2010 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 1112-1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Grové ◽  
M. S. De Beer ◽  
P. H. Joubert
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Thaumatotibia Leucotreta ◽  
Hass Avocado

An Improved Systems Approach as a Phytosanitary Measure for Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Export Citrus Fruit From South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 700-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaughan Hattingh ◽  
Sean Moore ◽  
Wayne Kirkman ◽  
Mat Goddard ◽  
Sean Thackeray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Sampling Inspection ◽  
Valencia Orange ◽  
Phytosanitary Measure ◽  
Thaumatotibia Leucotreta ◽  
Parameter Values

Abstract A systems approach was previously developed for mitigating phytosanitary risk of Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick) in citrus fruit exported from South Africa, as an alternative to a standalone cold disinfestation treatment. The present study first tested the original systems approach by applying it on a semicommercial scale in 10 Nova mandarin orchards. Fruit were inspected at points in the production, packing, and simulated shipping process, to assess performance of the systems approach. Additional data were obtained from 17 Valencia orange orchards and six packinghouses. In the second part of this study, the systems approach was accordingly revised and improved, consisting of three measures: 1) preharvest controls and measurements and postpicking sampling, inspection, and packinghouse procedures; 2) postpacking sampling and inspection; and 3) shipping conditions. The model quantifying the effectiveness of the systems approach was improved by correcting errors in the original version, updating parameter values and adding a component that provides for comparison with the risk mitigation provided by a standalone disinfestation treatment. Consequently, the maximum potential proportion of fruit that may be infested with live T. leucotreta after application of the improved systems approach is no greater than the proportion of fruit that may be infested after application of a Probit 9 efficacy postharvest disinfestation treatment to fruit with a 2% pretreatment infestation. The probability of a mating pair surviving is also determined. The model enables a priori determination of the required threshold levels for any of the three measures, based on quantification of the other two measures.

scholarly journals Commodity risk assessment of Citrus L. fruits from South Africa for Thaumatotibia leucotreta under a systems approach

EFSA Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Claude Bragard ◽  
Francesco Di Serio ◽  
Paolo Gonthier ◽  
Josep Anton Jaques Miret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Thaumatotibia Leucotreta

Systems view of integrated water quality monitoring within the requirements of the new national water policy in South Africa

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 141-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Marjanovic ◽  
M. Miloradov
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Policy ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
National Water

The new National water policy will change the way water quality is managed in South Africa. The paper considers the water policy and the repercussions it will have for water quality monitoring in South Africa. Using the systems approach the paper discusses an integrated water quality monitoring system for ambient water quality and point and non point sources of aquatic pollution. The proposed methodology makes possible continuos assessment of water quality in an efficient manner so as to support water quality management in South Africa.

scholarly journals Biological Control of a Phytosanitary Pest (Thaumatotibia leucotreta): A Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1198
Author(s):  
Sean D. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Microbial Control ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Thaumatotibia Leucotreta ◽  
Sub Saharan

Thaumatotibia leucotreta, known as the false codling moth, is a pest of citrus and other crops in sub-Saharan Africa. As it is endemic to this region and as South Africa exports most of its citrus around the world, T. leucotreta has phytosanitary status for most markets. This means that there is zero tolerance for any infestation with live larvae in the market. Consequently, control measures prior to exporting must be exemplary. Certain markets require a standalone postharvest disinfestation treatment for T. leucotreta. However, the European Union accepts a systems approach, consisting of three measures and numerous components within these measures. Although effective preharvest control measures are important under all circumstances, they are most critical where a standalone postharvest disinfestation treatment is not applied, such as within a systems approach. Conventional wisdom may lead a belief that effective chemical control tools are imperative to achieve this end. However, we demonstrate that it is possible to effectively control T. leucotreta to a level acceptable for a phytosanitary market, using only biological control tools. This includes parasitoids, predators, microbial control, semiochemicals, and sterile insects. Simultaneously, on-farm and environmental safety is improved and compliance with the increasing stringency of chemical residue requirements imposed by markets is achieved.

scholarly journals Problems and Prospects in Early Childhood Education Provisioning in Turkey and South Africa

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 444-457
Author(s):  
Corinne Meier ◽  
Eleanor Lemmer ◽  
Demet Gören Niron
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Development ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
The United States ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
The Us ◽  
Made In

The benefits of early childhood development (ECD) programmes are strongly supported by evidence of reduced school dropout and repetition rates. However, the literature on ECD is primarily grounded in research based in the United States (US); in the light of this gap in the literature, this paper provides a comparative overview of ECD policy and practice from outside of the US, namely in South Africa and Turkey. As a theoretical framework the paper has followed the World Bank’s Systems Approach for Better Education Results (SABER)-ECD Analytical Framework. Findings indicate that both countries have established an enabling policy environment for ECD but implementation and the setting of and compliance to standards for quality is still emerging, in spite of massive strides made in this field during the past fifteen years.

Estimating the risk associated with drying-off strategies for irrigated sugarcane before harvest

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Robertson ◽  
R. C. Muchow ◽  
R. A. Donaldson ◽  
N. G. Inman-Bamber ◽  
A. W. Wood
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Cane Yield ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Soil Model ◽  
Harvest Dates

The development of recommendations for drying-off management in sugarcane is difficult due to climatic variability and lack of knowledge of the sensitivity of changes in sucrose content and cane yield to severity of water deficit. Relative cane biomass targets were developed for drying-off irrigated sugarcane before harvest based on derived relationships between cane yield, cane dry weight, and sucrose concentration, using pooled data from previous field studies. These targets were then linked to a crop–soil model and long-term climate data to determine the economically optimum duration of drying-off, and its variability from season to season for 2 locations in Australia and one location in South Africa, for a range of harvest dates and soil types. The crop–soil model was validated on yields measured in 37 drying-off treatments conducted in South Africa and Australia. The simulation results show that the required drying-off duration can be highly variable, although the level of variability is not necessarily correlated with rainfall per se. There were interactions between soil type and harvest date, but not at every location. The systems approach outlined here can be useful in developing recommendations for drying-off where experience is limited, such as in expanding areas of sugar industries, for districts in which the practice of irrigation is increasing, or for harvest dates outside the current harvesting season.

Proposed Holistic Framework for Managing Development of Road Infrastructure Technology in South Africa

1998 ◽  
Vol 1637 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
F. C. Rust ◽  
R. M. Vos
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Conceptual Development ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Transportation Industry ◽  
The Public

The technology development process for the public sector in the transportation industry in South Africa became fragmented as a result of a short-term view with a lack of strategic focus. The subsequent perceived poor performance of the technology development program and inadequate implementation of results motivated the development of a new model for technology development—utilizing a holistic, systems approach at the strategic level with supporting techniques and basic information. The conceptual development of the new technology development model implemented in South Africa is discussed and the use of some of the concepts in the planning and execution of technology development programs for the Southern African Bitumen Association (Sabita) and the South African Department of Transport (SADoT) are illustrated. It is concluded that technology transfer and implementation would be much more effective if it were conducted as part of the technology development system.

Systems approach to effective water quality management in the Republic of South Africa, existing situation and expected future developments

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
P. Marjanovic ◽  
M. Miloradov ◽  
F. van Zyl
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Management ◽  
Water Policy ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Management Functions

The new National water policy will change the way water quality is managed in South Africa. The paper considers the water policy and the repercussions it will have for water quality management in South Africa and proposes a system that can be used to come up with optimum solutions for water quality management. The proposed solution integrates policy and institutional arrangements with the Cadastral system for point and non point sources of pollution and optimisation tools to ensure optimal management of water quality at any given time. The water quality management functions catered for by the proposed system are: resource allocation for pollution discharge, water quality protection, water quality monitoring, planning, development and operation.

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