Resistance to Insecticides as a Factor Influencing the Biotic Potential of the House Fly

The current work the effect of Actara insecticide belongs to chemical family Neonicotinoid. The active component of thiamethoxam in three concentrations: 0.750 ppm, 1.5 ppm and 2.25ppm on adult house fly salivary glands. Histopathological and morphological effects revealed important alterations produced by this insecticide in histological and morphology of the adult house fly gland tissue categorized by increasing gland duct lumen diameter. These alterations are possibly related with excretion function of salivary gland might be accountable for removing this insecticide. Results show thiamethoxam is a powerful insecticide that performances histologically in salivary glant tissue, triggering alterations in the glands form, cytoplasm with extreme vacuolation ,disruption cell membrane, obvious disorganization tissues cells, terminating in progressive deteriorating phase with changes in nucleus glandular cell's, such alterations occurred together in its size and form of gland, disintegration of nucleus, and presence of apoptosis(fragmentation) nucleus, accelerating the process of glandular degeneration ,and interfering with feeding process of house fly particularly when the peak concentration of insecticide was used.

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UJI EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK DAUN PANDAN WANGI (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb) SEBAGAI REPELLENT NABATI DALAM MENGURANGI JUMLAH LALAT SELAMA PROSES PENJEMURAN IKAN ASIN

KESMAS UWIGAMA: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat ◽

10.24903/kujkm.v3i2.334 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 47

Author(s):

Dewi Utari

Keyword(s):

Skin Diseases ◽

Field Research ◽

House Fly ◽

Fish Processing ◽

Average Percentage ◽

Salted Fish ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

Pandanus Amaryllifolius ◽

Quasi Experiment

The implementation of food sanitation aims to eliminate the risk of contamination by microorganisms at different stages in the production and processing of food. House fly (Musca domestical) can act as a vector of tyfus disease, other stomach ailments such as dysentery and diarrhea, cholera, and skin diseases. Salt fish processing business is the largest part of traditional fish processing business especially in Senamabah Village, Muara Bengkal Sub-district, East Kutai Regency. Problems that arise from the traditional processing of salted fish with sun drying, have the weakness of one of the fly flies that can damage salted fish products especially during the rainy season. This research is a quasi-experimental research (Quasi Experiment Design). Field research is difficult to carry out randomization. For field research, usually using a quasi-experiment, this study used a Completely Randomized Design (RAL), consisting of 3 treatments with 1 control and 3 repetitions on each treatment. This research is about the effectivity test of pandan wangi leaf extract (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb) as Refellent Vegetable in Reducing Number of Flies during the drying process of Salted Fish, concentration 5% after 30, 60 and 90 minutes observation with the average percentage of moisture by 25% decline 55%, concentration 10% after 30, 60 and 90 minutes observation with the average percentage of up to 13% with 77% repulsion and 15% concentration after 30, 60 and 90 minutes observation with percentage of average 6% with 90% resistance.

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Environmental elements for revitalization of entomophages in theforest plantations of the arid zone

World Ecology Journal ◽

10.25726/nm.2019.86.67.004 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 55-70

Author(s):

И.Р. Грибуст

Keyword(s):

Woody Plants ◽

Arid Zone ◽

Cumulative Effect ◽

Vertical Gradient ◽

Steppe Zone ◽

Maximum Effect ◽

Forest Belt ◽

Scientific Center ◽

Biotic Potential ◽

Estimation Of Distribution

Введение. Лесомелиоративное обустройство территорий малолесных регионов коренным образом преобразует ранее пустынные пространства. Позитивные изменения влажностнотеплового, почвенного, гидрологического режимов, обогащение аборигенной дендрофлоры новыми видами влечет за собой также и трансформацию животного мира, в том числе населения насекомых. Энтомосообщества формируются за счет представителей степной группы, обитателей естественных ценозов, а также группы лесных насекомых, в числе которых виды, являющиеся опасными вредителями и их энтомофаги. Цель работы анализ изменения разнообразия насекомыхэнтомофагов в насаждениях засушливой зоны различных параметров и состояния. Объекты исследований насекомыеэнтомофаги, обитающие в энтомокомплексах защитных насаждениях различного дендрологического состава ФНЦ агроэкологии РАН на территории Волгоградской области (кадастр. 34:34:000000:122 34:08:000000:6). Материалы и методика. Сбор материала проводили в насаждениях различного хозяйственного значения. Объектами исследования являлись полезные насекомые. Отбор проб проводили посредством окашивания крон энтомологическим сачком, визуальным осмотром модельных ветвей и ручным сбором хищников и паразитированных видов филлофагов с последующим выведением имаго в лабораторных условиях. Результаты и обсуждение. В сообществе полезных насекомых защитных лесных насаждений сухостепной зоны зафиксирован 221 вид энтомофагов, относящихся к 7 отрядам и 32 семействам. Различия экологических условий, ассортимент древесных растений в каждой из посадок, характер и интенсивность негативного внешнего влияния определяют особенности фаунистического населения, в т. ч. энтомофагов. Оценка распределения количественного обилия паразитов и хищников показала, что в лесных полосах хищников в среднем в три раза больше паразитических насекомых. Отчетливо прослеживаются вариации изменения разнообразия энтомофагов в насаждениях разного класса жизнеспособности. Конструктивные особенности, флористическая обедненность и сформировавшийся микроклимат существенно ограничивает жизнедеятельность энтомофагов в малорядных (23 ряда) насаждениях, численность которых здесь снижается в среднем в 2,5 раза по сравнению с многорядными посадками. В вертикальном градиенте посадок по мощности накопления биотического потенциала полезных насекомых выделяется травянистый ярус, наличие которого в лесополосе обусловливает увеличение числа особей энтомофагов в сообществе в 1,32,7 раза. Наименьшую роль в накоплении полезной группы насекомых играет наличие развитого подлеска. Заключение. Наличие в насаждениях энтомофильных древесных растений и развитого травостоя важнейшие экологические факторы для накопления биотического потенциала энтомофагов. Максимальный эффект обеспечивает совокупное влияние определяющих экологоструктурных элементов в многорядных посадках. Introduction. Forest reclamation area developmentpoor regions is radically transforms the previously desolate space. Positive changes in moistureheat, soil, hydrological regimes, enrichment of native dendroflora with new species also entails the transformation of the animal world, including the insect population. Entomologiste formed by the representatives of the steppe group of the inhabitants of the natural coenoses, and the group of forest insects, including species that are dangerous pests and their entomophages. The purpose of the analysis of changes in the diversity of insect entomophages in the plantations of the arid zone of different parameters and conditions. The objects of research insectsentomophages living in entomocomplexes protective plantation of different dendrological composition of the Federal scientific center for Agroecology wounds on the territory of the Volgograd region (the cadaster number is 34:34:000000:122 34:08:000000:6). Materials and methods. Collection of material was carried out in plantations of various economic importance. The objects of study were useful insects. Samples were collected by hilling crowns entomological net, by visual inspection of the model branches and handcollection of predators and parasitism species of phyllophagous with subsequent excretion of adults in the laboratory. Results and discussion. 221 species of entomophages belonging to 7 groups and 32 families were recorded in the community of useful insects of protective forest plantations of the dry steppe zone. Differences in environmental conditions, the range of woody plants in each of the plantings, the nature and intensity of the negative external influence determine the characteristics of the faunal population, including entomophages The estimation of distribution of quantitative abundance of parasites and predators showed that in forest bands of predators on average three times more parasitic insects. Variations in the diversity of entomophages in plantings of different classes of viability are clearly observed. Design features, floristic depletion and formed microclimate significantly limits the life activity of entomophages in smallrow (23 rows) plantations, the number of which is reduced by an average of 2.5 times compared to multirow planting. In the vertical gradient of plantings on the power of accumulation of biotic potential of useful insects, a grassy tier is allocated, the presence of which in the forest belt causes an increase in the number of entomophages in the community by 1.32.7 times. The least role in the accumulation of a useful group of insects is played by the presence of developed undergrowth. Conclusion. The presence of entomophilic woody plants and developed herbage in the plantations are the most important environmental factors for the accumulation of the entomophage biotic potential. The maximum effect provides a cumulative effect of determining ecological and structural elements in multirow landings.

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