Control of the Peach Tree Borer on Young Peach Trees by a Treatment Before Planting1

1962 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-297
Author(s):  
E. H. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Peach Tree ◽  
Peach Trees

scholarly journals Influence of Environmental Conditions on Spore Production and Budding in Taphrina deformans, the Causal Agent of Peach Leaf Curl

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Rossi ◽  
L. Languasco
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Spore Production ◽  
Peach Tree ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Work Supports ◽  
Ascospore Production ◽  
Plant Surfaces ◽  
Over Time

Environment-controlled studies were carried out to determine the growth of Taphrina deformans under different conditions of temperature, humidity, and nutrient availability similar to those found on plant surfaces during the peach-growing season. Both ascospores and blastospores were able to bud at all temperatures tested (5 to 37°C), with the optimum at 14 and 21°C, respectively. Temperature <20°C favored ascospore production and release, with the optimum at 10°C. Budding was approximately two-and-a-half times higher in a film of water than on a dry substrate, with 100% relative humidity and blastospores also maintained a certain budding ability at lower humidity levels (minimum tested = 47%). Both spore types did not bud after ≈50 to 55 h in the absence of external nutrients. In the presence of a periodically renewed carbon source, such as simple sugars, at concentrations that typically are present on peach plant surfaces, the fungus maintained its budding capability over time. Results showed that T. deformans is able to bud profusely under a wide range of environmental conditions that occur on peach tree surfaces. This work supports the hypothesis that T. deformans is a part of the normal epiphytic mycoflora of peach trees throughout the entire growing season.

scholarly journals The Nitrogen Nutrition of the Peach Tree III. Metabolism and Translocation of L-[Guanido-14c]Arginine Hydroohloride and L-[U-14c]Asparagine in Young Dormant Trees

1967 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 413 ◽  
Author(s):  
LH May ◽  
BK Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Peach Tree ◽  
Protein Amino Acid ◽  
Arginine Hydrochloride ◽  
Peach Trees

Solutions of L-[guanido-140]arginine hydrochloride and L-[U-140]asparagine were applied to dormant two-year-old peach trees using a cut-shoot technique. Radioactivity was recovered in soluble sugar plus acid and protein amino acid fractions indicating that both compounds were metabolized by the trees. The results also suggest that there was a turnover of arginine in the dormant tissues. Most of the applied 140 from both compounds remained in the treated shoot or neighbouring tissues, but small amounts were translocated both upwards and downwards from the point of application.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Analysis of Genes Involved in Cold Hardiness of Peach Tree (Prunus persica) Shoots during Cold Acclimation and Deacclimation

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 611
Author(s):  
Duk Jun Yu ◽  
Sung Hoon Jun ◽  
Junhyung Park ◽  
Jung Hyun Kwon ◽  
Hee Jae Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Peach Tree ◽  
Triacylglycerol Lipase ◽  
Cold Hardy ◽  
Peach Trees

We analyzed the transcriptomes in the shoots of five-year-old ‘Soomee’ peach trees (Prunus persica) during cold acclimation (CA), from early CA (end of October) to late CA (middle of January), and deacclimation (DA), from late CA to late DA (middle of March), to identify the genes involved in cold hardiness. Cold hardiness of the shoots increased from early to late CA, but decreased from late CA to late DA, as indicated by decreased and increased the median lethal temperature (LT50), respectively. Transcriptome analysis identified 17,208 assembled transcripts during all three stages. In total, 1891 and 3008 transcripts were differentially expressed with a |fold change| > 2 (p < 0.05) between early and late CA, and between late CA and late DA, respectively. Among them, 1522 and 2830, respectively, were functionally annotated with gene ontology (GO) terms having a greater proportion of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with molecular function than biological process or cellular component categories. The biochemical pathways best represented both periods from early to late CA and from late CA to late DA were ‘metabolic pathway’ and ‘biosynthesis of secondary metabolites’. We validated these transcriptomic results by performing reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction on the selected DEGs showing significant fold changes. The relative expressions of the selected DEGs were closely related to the LT50 values of the peach tree shoots: ‘Soomee’ shoots exhibited higher relative expressions of the selected DEGs than shoots of the less cold-hardy ‘Odoroki’ peach trees. Irrespective of the cultivar, the relative expressions of the DEGs that were up- and then down-regulated during CA, from early to late CA, and DA, from late CA to late DA, were more closely correlated with cold hardiness than those of the DEGs that were down- and then up-regulated. Therefore, our results suggest that the significantly up- and then down-regulated DEGs are associated with cold hardiness in peach tree shoots. These DEGs, including early light-induced protein 1, chloroplastic, 14-kDa proline-rich protein DC2.15, glutamate dehydrogenase 2, and triacylglycerol lipase 2, could be candidate genes to determine cold hardiness.

scholarly journals A Practical Guide for Peach Irrigation Scheduling in Florida

EDIS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lincoln Zotarelli ◽  
Carlos Zambrano-Vaca ◽  
Charles E. Barrett ◽  
Vivek Sharma ◽  
Juanita Popenoe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Demand ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Peach Tree ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Central Florida ◽  
Crop Water Demand ◽  
Practical Information ◽  
Peach Trees

The goal of this publication is to provide a practical guideline for irrigation of young (1–3 years old) and adult (>3 years old) peach trees cultivated in Florida. This document is based on field research of peach water uptake conducted by UF/IFAS. The first section describes peach tree growth stages and their respective crop water demand in central Florida. The second and third sections present practical information on preparing year-round irrigation scheduling for young and adult peach trees, respectively. More information about irrigation practices for peaches is provided in EDIS publication HS1316 (https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs1316).

scholarly journals Analysis of the ‘A72’ Peach Tree Growth Habit and Its Inheritance in Progeny Obtained from Crosses of ‘A72’ with Columnar Peach Trees

2009 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongyan Hu ◽  
Ralph Scorza
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Peach Tree ◽  
Incomplete Dominance ◽  
First Report ◽  
New Information ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
The Relationship

Since the first report of the ‘A72’ semidwarf peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] tree in 1975, no new information has become available on this genotype. We evaluated the growth habit and verified the inheritance of ‘A72’ in a population of 220 progeny derived from self-pollination. Detailed tree and branch measurements revealed a unique forked-branch (FBR) character of the ‘A72’ (Nn) phenotype. The progeny segregated into 1 NN:2 Nn:1 nn. NN trees were indistinguishable from standard peach trees, Nn were FBR, and nn were dwarf. Hybrids between ‘A72’ and columnar (brbr) peach trees confirmed that FBR is inherited as a monogenic trait that appears to express incomplete dominance. ‘A72’ (Nn) trees were later blooming than sibling NN trees. The relationship (linkage or pleiotropy) between the growth habit of ‘A72’ and late bloom is not known. The structure of ‘A72’ trees presents new opportunities to breeder/geneticists, physiologists, and horticulturists to further explore the plasticity of peach tree growth and architecture that can be achieved through breeding. Applications of the ‘A72’ growth habit for commercial fruit production and as an ornamental, particularly in the dwarf form (nn) and in combination with the columnar tree (brbr) form, present opportunities that await exploration.

scholarly journals COMPARISONS OF PLANT DENSITIES AND TRAINING SYSTEMS OF PEACH TREES

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 638d-638
Author(s):  
G.E. Evans ◽  
D.E. Deyton ◽  
J.W High
Keyword(s):  
Tree Density ◽  
Peach Tree ◽  
Tree Trunk ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
And Training

`Redhaven' peach tree plantings were established in 1985 to compare tree densities (299 trees/ha to 1794 trees/ha) and training systems (Open Vase, Central Leader, Y-shaped, Palmette Trellis, Tatura Trellis, and MIA Trellis). Tree trunk growth (diameter) was significantly less as the population of trees increased. Trunks of trees trained to the Open Vase were larger than Central Leader or Y-shaped trees. In 1988, yields per ha increased as tree density increased. Trees trained to the Tatura Trellis (897 trees/ha) had the highest yields (27.7 t/ha). Trees trained to the Central Leader and planted at 1794, 897, and 598 trees/ha had next highest yields of 24.5, 21.4, and 24.3 t/ha, respectively. By the 6th year, yield differences were not generally related to tree density. The top yielding systems were Open Vase (598 trees/ha) and Tatura Trellis (897 trees/ha) with yields of 32.1 and 29.0 t/ha, respectively. Trees trained to Open Vase had higher yield efficiencies (kg/cm2 limb CSA) in 1991 than trees in other systems-spacings and had yields of 23.6, 27.4, and 32.1 t/ha for plant densities of 299, 448 and 598 trees/ha, respectively.

scholarly journals Impact of Fungal Gummosis on Peach Trees

HortScience ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1141-1143 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.G. Beckman ◽  
P.L. Pusey ◽  
P.F. Bertrand
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Peach Tree ◽  
Botryosphaeria Dothidea ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Peach Trees

Peach tree fungal gummosis caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea [(Moug.:Fr.) Cos & de Not.] is widespread throughout the southeastern United States. Until recently, its economic impact on peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] has been impossible to estimate, since no effective controls were known. Significant, though not total, suppression of gummosis on `Summergold' peach trees was achieved with an intensive 5-year spray program with captafol. Captan was far less effective than captafol. Both trunk diameter and fruit yield were negatively correlated with disease severity. After eight growing seasons, trees treated with captafol were 18% larger than the untreated trees. Yield of mature captafol-treated trees was 40% to 60% high er than that of untreated ones. Following termination of the spray program after 5 years, disease severity gradually increased on both captafol- and captan-treated trees. However, through eight growing seasons, disease severity was significantly lower on captafol-treated trees. This study demonstrates that peach tree fungal gummosis significantly depresses tree growth and fruit yield on susceptible peach cultivars.

scholarly journals Yield, Shoot and Root Growth, and Physiological Responses of Mature Peach Trees to Grass Competition

HortScience ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 1214-1218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Tworkoski ◽  
D. Michael Glenn
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Peach Tree ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Leaf N

Competitive effects of different grass species were evaluated on growth, yield, leaf N, and leaf water potential of 8-year-old peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.] trees and on weed abundance. Two cultivars (`Loring' on Lovell rootstock and `Redhaven' on Halford rootstock) of peach trees were planted in separate orchards in 1987. Nine orchard floor treatments were installed beneath the peach trees in 1995: Festuca arundinacea Schreber (tall fescue); Lolium perenne L., var. Manhattan II (perennial ryegrass); Lolium perenne L., var. Linn; Agrostis gigantea Roth (red top); Dactylis glomerata L. (orchardgrass); Phleum pratense L. (timothy); Bromus carinatus Hook. and Arn. (brome); weedy control; and herbicide weed control (simazine, glyphosate). In general, grasses reduced vegetative growth and yield in both cultivars. Orchardgrass was one of the most competitive species and reduced vertical water sprout length by 15% to 27% and lateral shoot length on fruit-bearing branches by 19% to 30% compared with herbicide treatments. Orchardgrass reduced yield by 37% and 24% in `Loring' and `Redhaven', respectively. All grasses were not equally competitive; `Linn' perennial ryegrass did not significantly reduce growth or yield in `Redhaven'. Control treatments with weeds also did not differ from herbicide treatments in peach tree growth and yield. Grass and weed ground covers consistently reduced peach tree leaf N by at least 10%, compared to herbicide treatment, possibly due to reduced root growth. `Redhaven' root density in the top 10 cm of soil was ≈12 cm·cm-3 in herbicide strips vs. 1 cm·cm-3 in weedy or ground-covered strips. Peach leaf water potential was not affected by grass and weeds. Weed weights were significantly reduced by all grasses compared with weedy control. The results indicate that peach cultivars respond differently to grass competition, but the relative competitiveness of each grass species was similar for both cultivars. Grass competition reduced growth, yield, and pruning weights of mature peach trees, but the reduction in vegetative growth did not significantly reduce pruning time per tree. Grasses that are less inhibitory to peach yield may be useful for weed management in orchards.

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