Injurious and Beneficial Insects in Coffee Plantations of Costa Rica and Guatemala, 1964

1967 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 1409-1413 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Coffee Plantations ◽  
Beneficial Insects

scholarly journals Gross heating value of various shade-trees wood in coffee plantation in Costa Rica and its relation with extractives and specific gravity

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-190
Author(s):  
Roger Moya ◽  
Róger Bonilla ◽  
Carlos Zelada Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Shade Trees ◽  
Pinus Caribaea ◽  
Cupressus Lusitanica ◽  
Coffee Plantations ◽  
Schizolobium Parahyba

Shade-trees with energy use in coffee plantations are an important alternative to increase profitability in groforestry systems. The aim of this study was to investigate gross calorific value (GCV) of 15 shade-tree species in coffee plantations in Costa Rica. The relationships between specific gravity and extractives content on GCV was evaluated. The results revealed that GCV varied from 15.9 to 21.9 MJ kg-1 for sapwood, and from 15.3 to 21.9 MJ kg-1 for heartwood. No consistency was observed regarding to relation of type of wood (sapwood orheartwood) and GCV. The highest GCV value was found in Pinus caribaea for sapwood and heartwood. However Cupressus lusitanica, presented high GCV in sapwood too. The lowest values were found in Schizolobium parahyba in sapwood and Zygia longifolia and Eucalyptus globulus in heartwood. Carbon content (C) and carbon/nitrogen ratio (C/N ratio) and extractives in sodium hydroxide and dichloromethane were correlated with GCV in sapwood and heartwood. Meanwhile extractives in hot water were correlated in heartwood, and nitrogen content (N) and extractives in cool water were too correlated in sapwood.

scholarly journals Nitrous Oxide Emission Fluxes in Coffee Plantations during Fertilization: A Case Study in Costa Rica

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1656
Author(s):  
Macarena San Martin Ruiz ◽  
Martin Reiser ◽  
Martin Kranert
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Rain Event ◽  
Coffee Plantations ◽  
Emission Fluxes ◽  
Coffee Plants ◽  
N2o Fluxes

The main source of N2O emissions is agriculture, and coffee monocultures have become an important part of these emissions. The demand for coffee has increased in the last five decades. Thus, its production in agricultural fields and the excess of fertilizers have increased. This study quantified N2O emissions from different dose applications and types of nitrogen fertilizer in a region of major coffee production in Costa Rica. A specific methodology to measure N2O fluxes from coffee plants was developed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Measurements were performed in a botanical garden in Germany and plots in Costa Rica, analyzing the behavior of a fertilizer in two varieties of coffee (Catuai and Geisha), and in a field experiment, testing two types of fertilizers (chemical (F1) and physical mixture (F2)) and compost (SA). As a result, the additions of synthetic fertilizer increased the N2O fluxes. F2 showed higher emissions than F1 by up to 90% in the field experiment, and an increase in general emissions occurred after a rain event in the coffee plantation. The weak levels of N2O emissions were caused by a rainfall deficit, maintaining low water content in the soil. Robust research is suggested for the inventories.

scholarly journals First Report of a Phytoplasma Associated with Witches'-Broom of the Giant Coral Tree (Erythrina poeppigiana, Fabaceae) in Costa Rica

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (11) ◽  
pp. 1512-1512 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Saborío-R. ◽  
W. Villalobos ◽  
C. Rivera
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
San Jose ◽  
Erythrina Poeppigiana ◽  
Coffee Plantations ◽  
First Report ◽  
Plant Extraction ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Coral Tree

The giant coral tree (Erythrina poeppigiana, Fabaceae) is a common shade tree in coffee plantations in Costa Rica. Coral trees are pruned to decrease fungal infections and increase nitrogen fixation. Recently, severe shoot proliferation, internodes shortening, and leaf reduction were observed in pruned shade trees in the south of San José Province, Costa Rica. Leaf samples from 10 symptomatic E. poeppigiana trees were collected. Also, two samples from symptomless coral trees were collected from areas free of witches'-broom. Total DNA was extracted from 0.5 g of petiole tissue from all samples with the plant extraction mini kit (Qiagen GmbH, Hilden, Germany) with a modified protocol (2) and assayed by nested PCR with phytoplasma universal rDNA primers (P1/P7) (1) and R16F2n/R16R2 (3). All symptomatic trees tested positive for phytoplasmas by PCR, yielding the expected 1.2-kb band. DNA from the symptomless trees was not amplified by PCR. The restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses (HaeIII, AluI, RsaI, BfaI, HpaII, KpnI, HhaI, and MseI) and the sequence of the 1.2-kb PCR fragment (GenBank Accession No. DQ485305) revealed that the phytoplasma associated with coral tree witches'-broom belongs to the aster yellows phytoplasma group (16SrI) (4). To our knowledge, this is the first report of a phytoplasma belonging to the aster yellow group causing witches'-broom in the Erythrina genus. References: (1) S. Deng and C. Hiruki. J. Microbiol. Methods 14:53, 1991. (2) M. J. Green et al. Plant Dis. 83:482, 1999. (3) D. E. Gundersen and I. M. Lee. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 35:144, 1996. (4) I. M Lee et al. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol.48:1153, 1998.

scholarly journals Survival, Habitat Use, and Movements of Fledgling White-Throated Robins (Turdus Assimilis) in a Costa Rican Agricultural Landscape

The Auk ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 404-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily B. Cohen ◽  
Catherine A. Lindell
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Habitat Use ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Nesting Habitat ◽  
Coffee Plantations ◽  
Study Behavior ◽  
Forested Areas

Abstract We used radiotelemetry to study behavior of White-throated Robins (Turdus assimilis) during the postfledging dependent period. The study was conducted in a mixed agricultural and forested landscape in southern Costa Rica from March through August of 2001 and 2002. A transmitter was attached to one fledgling per brood (n = 53). Each bird was located daily prior to dispersal. We compared survivorship, habitat use, and movements of fledglings from (1) nests in coffee plantations and (2) nests in cattle pastures. The probability of surviving the first three weeks out of the nest was 0.67 ± 0.07 (SE) for fledglings from nests in all habitats, 0.58 ± 0.10 for fledglings from nests in coffee, and 0.74 ± 0.26 for fledglings from nests in pasture. Fledglings from nests in pasture left their nesting habitat at younger ages than did those from nests in coffee, and most birds from both habitats moved into forest when they left their nesting habitat. Pasture was rarely used during the postfledging period, whereas coffee plantations were used extensively. Fledglings that remained in agricultural habitats (coffee or pasture) were less likely to survive until dispersal than were those that moved into forested areas. Average daily distances from the nest gradually increased until fledglings dispersed away from the natal area, always into forest, and were not different for birds from pasture or coffee. White-throated Robins can nest successfully in agricultural habitats, but use of forest positively influenced survivorship of young during the postfledging dependent period.

Contrasting Nitrate Adsorption in Andisols of Two Coffee Plantations in Costa Rica

2001 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 1848-1852 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Ryan ◽  
G. R. Graham ◽  
D. L. Rudolph
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Coffee Plantations ◽  
Nitrate Adsorption

scholarly journals Evaluación de arvenses como hospedantes alternos de nematodos fitoparásitos en cafetales en Costa Rica

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Walter Peraza-Padilla ◽  
Martha Orozco-Aceves
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
San Jose ◽  
Trap Crop ◽  
Coffee Plantations ◽  
Alternative Hosts ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Coffee Plants

There is potential for weeds to be alternative hosts of plant-parasitic nematodes (PPN), but a methodology that assesses the phytosanitary risk derived from the presence of weeds in plantations is not available. This research was conducted in order to determine if the presence of weeds in coffee plantations (organic and conventional) represented a phytosanitary risk due to their role as alternative hosts of PPN. The research was developed into two plantation located in Aserrí, San José, Costa Rica during August, 2010. The most important weeds were identified in the plantations, also nematodes of the genera Meloidogyne, Pratylenchus and Helicotylenchus were quantified in soil and roots from selected weeds and coffee plants. A permutational analysis of variance was executed in order to determine the genera of PPN that significantly differed from the ones found in weeds to the ones found in coffee plants. Based on these results, the weeds were classified as: reservoir, trap crop, or weak host of PPN. This classification criterion, in addition to life cycle and type of parasitism of the PPN were used to assign numerical values to the weeds. The values were used to calculate the Phytosanitary Risk Index (PRI) that acquired a maximum value of 10 for the weed Piper umbellatum in the organic plantation, and a maximum value of 24 for Commelina diffusa, Emilia fosbergii, Spananthe paniculata, Delilia biflora, and Spermacoce hirta in the conventional plantation. The results indicated that from a nematological perspective the presence of these weeds in coffee plantation could be a potential risk for coffee plants

scholarly journals Charles H. Lankester (1879-1969): his life and legacy

Lankesteriana ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Ossenbach
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Central American ◽  
San Jose ◽  
Coffee Plantations ◽  
Assistant Director ◽  
Royal Botanic Gardens ◽  
The University ◽  
Don Carlos

Charles Herbert Lankester (1879-1969) was without a doubt the most dominant figure of Central American orchidology during his time. Better known as ‘Don Carlos’, Lankester was born in Southampton, England, on June 14 1879. It was in London that he read an announcement offering a position to work as an assistant to the recently founded Sarapiquí Coffee Estates Company in Costa Rica, he applied and was hired. Surely influenced by his uncle’s zoological background, Lankester was at first interested in birds and butterflies. However, living in Cachí, at that time one of the regions with the greatest botanical diversity, he must have fallen under the spell of the plant world as he soon began collecting orchids in the nearby woods. Many of the plants he collected at this time proved to be new species. With no literature at his hand to determine the plants he collected, Lankester started corresponding with the assistant director of the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew, Arthur Hill in 1910, and somewhat later with Robert Allen Rolfe, Kew’s most eminent authority on orchids. At the same time, Lankester began his collection of living plants that would become so famous years later. He returned to England in 1920 to enroll his five children in English schools. Lankester traveled to Africa from 1920 to 1922, hired by the British Government to do research on coffee plantations in Uganda. When returning to England, he found that Rolfe had died the year before. Many orchids that he had brought to Kew were left without identification. Lankester was back in Costa Rica in 1922, the year that was a turning point in his career as an orchidologist: it brought the first correspondence with Oakes Ames. Over the next fifteen years, Ames would discover more than 100 new species among the specimens he received from Costa Rica. In 1922, Ames began a series of publications on orchids, which he named Schedulae Orchidianae. In its third fascicle, in January 1923, Ames started to describe many of the Lankester orchids, which were deposited at Kew and had been left unidentified. Ames kept asking Lankester to send more and more specimens. After 1930, Lankester and Ames seem to drift slowly apart. Ames was taken in more by administrative work at Harvard, and Lankester traveled abroad more frequently. In 1955, after his wife’s death and already 76 years old, Lankester decided to sell his farm but retained the small part which contained his garden, a piece of land called “El Silvestre”. Lankester moved to a house he had bought in Moravia, one of the suburbs of the capital, San José. On a section of this farm called “El Silvestre”, Lankester began his wonderful collections of orchids and plants of other families, which formed the basis of the Charles H. Lankester Botanical Garden of the University of Costa Rica.

scholarly journals Effect of salicylic acid on the germination and initial growth of coffee (Coffea arabica L. var. Costa Rica 95)

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-59
Author(s):  
Alder Gordillo ◽  
Luis Rodríguez ◽  
Miguel Salas ◽  
María Rosales
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Coffee Plantations ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Coffea Arabica L

The establishment of new coffee plantations requires vigorous and healthy seedlings that guarantee good growth and high yields; hence the importance of studying the effect of bio-stimulant substances in the early stages of the crop's ontogeny. In this sense, the combined effect of five concentrations of salicylic acid (0; 0.0125; 0.025; 0.05; 0.1 and 1 mM) and different times of imbibition of the seeds (1, 2, 3 and 4 h), on the germination and initial growth of coffee plants (Coffea arabica L.) variety Costa Rica 95 was studied. The experimental design was completely randomized with a bifactorial arrangement, with 24 treatments and 20 repetitions. The percentage and germination rate, height and diameter of the hypocotyl were evaluated. The results showed that the concentrations (0.0125; 0.025 and 0.05 mM) and imbibition times of the seeds of 3 and 4 h in salicylic acid promoted an early germination and a positive effect on the height and diameter of the hypocotyl. The findings show that salicylic acid applied in low concentrations can be used to accelerate the germination of coffee seeds and induce the initial growth of coffee plantlets, while it could be considered as a viable option for coffee producers, both for its easy application and the safety of the product.

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