scholarly journals Testing the Insecticidal Activity of Nanostructured Alumina on Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Under Laboratory Conditions Using Galvanized Steel Containers

Insects ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo López-García ◽  
Micaela Buteler ◽  
Teodoro Stadler
Keyword(s):  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Galvanized Steel ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Treatment Rate ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Grain Damage ◽  
Pest Insects ◽  
Stored Grain Pest ◽  
Short Time ◽  
First Time

Most stored-grain pest insects increase their population within a relatively short time, causing serious damage to stored products. Sitophilus oryzae (L.) is one of the world’s major stored-grain pest insects and was chosen as the model insect for our studies. This study compared the efficacy of three different dusts under laboratory conditions: aluminum dust (nanostructured alumina), DiatomiD®, and Protect-It® (commercial diatomaceous earth). Parental survival, grain damage, and progeny production were measured at 250 and 500 ppm in treated wheat. The tests were conducted in 400 mL galvanized steel jars, an experimental model used for the first time to measure the effectiveness of nanostructured alumina, since most studies have been typically performed in small petri dishes. Parental survival obtained was highest in the untreated controls, followed in decreasing order by DiatomiD®, Protect-It®, and nanostructured alumina (NSA). NSA caused the greatest mortality. All treatments significantly reduced grain weight loss and frass production in wheat infested by S. oryzae. The degree of progeny (F1) suppression was directly related to the product and treatment rate, progeny being significantly suppressed by NSA in wheat followed by Protect-It® and DiatomiD®. Therefore, NSA had a greater impact on insect population dynamics.

Evaluation of the Entomopathogenic Fungi Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Isaria fumosorosea for Control of Sitophilus oryzae

2014 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
NICKOLAS G. KAVALLIERATOS ◽  
CHRISTOS G. ATHANASSIOU ◽  
MARIA M. AOUNTALA ◽  
DEMETRIUS C. KONTODIMAS
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Isaria Fumosorosea ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Stored Grain Pest ◽  
Petri Dishes

The entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Isaria fumosorosea were tested against the stored-grain pest Sitophilus oryzae. The fungi were isolated from the soil (from three locations in Attica, Greece: B. bassiana from Tatoion, M. anisopliae from Marathon, and I. fumosorosea from Aghios Stefanos) using larvae of Galleria mellonella as bait. Suspensions of 2.11 × 107 and 2.11 × 108, 1.77 × 107 and 1.77 × 108, and 1.81 × 107 and 1.81 × 108 conidia per ml of B. bassiana, M. anisopliae, and I. fumosorosea, respectively, were applied by three treatments: (i) sprayed on food and set in petri dishes with adults of S. oryzae, (ii) sprayed on adults of S. oryzae and set in petri dishes without food, and (iii) sprayed on adults of S. oryzae and set in petri dishes with food. The observed mortality of S. oryzae adults during the overall exposure period for the lowest, as well as for the highest, concentrations of B. bassiana, M. anisopliae, and I. fumosorosea ranged from 0 to 100%. Concentration was, in most of the cases tested, a critical parameter that determined the “speed of kill” of the exposed insect species for B. bassiana and M. anisopliae. Conversely, concentration was not that critical for I. fumosorosea, and survival was high in some of the combinations tested, even after 14 days of exposure. Both in the highest and the lowest concentrations of fungi, the mortality of S. oryzae adults was higher when the fungi were applied on adults than when they were applied on food. Higher mortality was observed when food was absent than when food was present, in most of the cases tested. The high efficacy levels recorded in the current study indicate that the tested fungi could be effective biocontrol agents against S. oryzae.

scholarly journals Effects of Hypoxia on Acoustic Activity of Two Stored-Product Pests, Adult Emergence, and Grain Quality

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 1989-1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia W Njoroge ◽  
Richard W Mankin ◽  
Bradley Smith ◽  
Dieudonne Baributsa
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Acoustic Activity ◽  
Oxygen Levels ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Grain Damage

Abstract Modified atmospheres such as hermetic storage are widely used for the control of stored grain insect pests. To improve their effectiveness, there is need to better understand insect responses to low-oxygen environments. Adult Callosobruchus maculatus F. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) on cowpea and Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on wheat were exposed to hypoxia treatments consisting of 1, 3, and 5% oxygen levels for 14 d. Acoustic activity was monitored during the experiment, and insect mortality and grain quality were examined immediately after the hypoxia treatments. Adult emergence was assessed 45 d post-treatment. All three hypoxia treatments eliminated acoustic activity of both species within 4 d. There was neither insect survival for both species nor significant grain damage immediately after 14-d exposure to hypoxia treatments. No adult insects emerged 45 d post-exposure on grains maintained at 1% oxygen level for 14 d. However, at 3 and 5% oxygen levels, there were eggs on cowpea, holes in wheat, and emerging adults for both insect species 45 d post-exposure. Although insect activity ceased within 4 d when hypoxia was maintained below 5%, there is need to explore exposure beyond 14 d for 3 and 5% oxygen levels, to ensure to avoid potential adult emergence from eggs and other insect life stages post-treatments. Maintaining 3–5% hypoxia conditions for a longer duration would ensure insufficient oxygen is available for progeny development.

Knockdown-Mortality Responses of Six Stored-Product Beetle Species on Different Surfaces Treated With Thiamethoxam, Using a Standardized Lethality Index

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fotoula K Tsaganou ◽  
Thomas N Vassilakos ◽  
Christos G Athanassiou
Keyword(s):  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Galvanized Steel ◽  
Cryptolestes Ferrugineus ◽  
Oryzaephilus Surinamensis ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Plastic Surfaces ◽  
Adult Exposure ◽  
Stored Grain Insects ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

Abstract Bioassays were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of thiamethoxam in different surfaces, against six stored-grain insects, Sitophilus granarius (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae), and Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) (Coleoptera: Silvanidae). Six different surfaces (concrete, plywood, galvanized steel, linen, plastic, and ceramic tile) treated with thiamethoxam at 0.05 and 0.1 mg/cm2 were used as substrate for adult exposure. Knockdown was recorded after 1, 3, and 7 d of exposure to the treated surface, in order to calculate a Standardized Lethality Index (SLI). Knockdown counts were ranked from ‘0’ to ‘4’, with ‘0’ representing adult insects ‘moved generally’ and ‘4’ representing dead insects. Based on the results, insect knockdown seems leading to mortality than to recovery and the SLI ranking of the target species according to their susceptibility to thiamethoxam showed that S. granarius being more susceptible and decreasing susceptibility in an order of S. oryzae > T. castaneum ≥ O. surinamenis ≥ C. ferrugineus ≥ T. confusum. In general, among the surfaces, thiamethoxam efficacy was lower on linen, wooden, and concrete surfaces, as compared to metallic and plastic surfaces. Nevertheless, at the end of 7-d exposure, all surfaces equally affected thiamethoxam toxicity.

scholarly journals Efficacy of compressed sodium chloride (CSC) against E. coli and Candida auris in minutes and methods improvement for testing

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lan N. Truong ◽  
Brayden D. Whitlock
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Candida Auris ◽  
Antimicrobial Surfaces ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Route Of Transmission ◽  
The World ◽  
Short Time ◽  
First Time ◽  
Time Point

AbstractControlling infections has become one of the biggest problems in the world, whether measured in lives lost or money spent. This is worsening as pathogens continue becoming resistant to therapeutics. Antimicrobial surfaces are one strategy being investigated in an attempt to decrease the spread of infections through the most common route of transmission: surfaces, including hands. Regulators have chosen two hours as the time point at which efficacy should be measured. The objectives of this study were to characterize the new antimicrobial surface compressed sodium chloride (CSC) so that its action may be understood at timepoints more relevant to real-time infection control, under two minutes; to develop a sensitive method to test efficacy at short time points; and to investigate antifungal properties for the first time. E. coli and Candida auris are added to surfaces, and the surfaces are monitored by contact plate, or by washing into collection vats. An improved method of testing antimicrobial efficacy is reported. Antimicrobial CSC achieves at least 99.9% reduction of E. coli in the first two minutes of contact, and at least 99% reduction of C. auris in one minute.

scholarly journals Bactericidal activity of three different antiseptic ophthalmic preparations as surgical prophylaxis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Tognetto ◽  
Marco R. Pastore ◽  
Gian Marco Guerin ◽  
Giuliana Decorti ◽  
Martina Franzin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Povidone Iodine ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Viable Cells ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol 1000 ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Short Time ◽  
First Time ◽  
Antiseptic Solutions

Abstract Purpose In the era of antibiotic resistance, there is an increased interest in antiseptic solutions that might represent a reliable option for ocular surface disinfection. The objective of this study is to compare for the first time three different antiseptic ophthalmic preparations to assess their in vitro antimicrobial activity. Methods The antiseptic activity of three commercial ophthalmic solutions, IODIM (povidone-iodine 0.6% in hyaluronic acid vehicle—Medivis, Catania, Italy), OZODROP (nanoemulsion with ozonated oil—concentration not specified—FBVision, Ophthalmic Pharmaceuticals, Rome, Italy), and DROPSEPT (chlorhexidine 0.02% and vitamin E 0.5% Tocopherol Polyethylene Glycol 1000 Succinate—TPGS, Sooft Italia, Montegiorgio, Italy), was tested in vitro on six reference strains by time-killing assays. Viable cells were evaluated after 1, 15, 30 min; 2, 6, and 24 h exposure by seeding 100 µl of the suspension (or appropriate dilutions) on LB agar or Sabouraud-dextrose agar. All plates were incubated at 37 °C for 24 h and evaluated by manually counting the colonies. Results IODIM solution showed a very rapid microbicidal activity: the number of viable cells for all the tested strains was under the detection limit (less than 10 CFU/ml) already after 1 min exposure, and this result was maintained at every incubation time. The rapid antimicrobial activity of povidone-iodine was not replicated when testing the other two antiseptics. Conclusions The study reports the great efficacy in reducing bacterial load in a very short time of povidone-iodine 0.6% compared with other antiseptic preparations.

Aquatic fungi growing on the spawn of certain amphibians

1998 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Czeczuga ◽  
E. Muszyńska ◽  
A. Krzemińska
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Fungi ◽  
Fungus Species ◽  
Zoosporic Fungus ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe mycoflora developing on the spawn of nine species of amphibians was investigated under laboratory conditions. Fifty-two zoosporic fungus species were found to grow on the spawn investigated, including 6 chytridiomycetes, 1 hyphochytriomycete, 44 oomycetes and 1 zygomycete fungus. Out of these 52 species, 23 are known as parasites or necrotrophs of fish. Five fungus species were recorded for the first time from Poland.

Generalized eruptive keratoacanthomas of Grzybowski (case report)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
И.А. Куклин ◽  
Н.П. Малишевская ◽  
М.М. Кохан ◽  
Г.Д. Сафонова ◽  
О.Г. Римар ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Care ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Trunk Limbs ◽  
The Face ◽  
Spontaneous Involution ◽  
Atrophic Scars ◽  
Short Time ◽  
First Time ◽  
Aromatic Retinoids

В статье представлен краткий обзор литературы о клинических проявлениях, современных методах диагностики и лечения чрезвычайно редкого заболевания – множественной эруптивной кератоакантомы типа Гржебовски. Заболевание характеризуется возникновением сотен или тысяч генерализованных зудящих узелков на коже лица, туловища, конечностей, половых органов, слизистой полости рта и гортани в течение короткого времени. Заболевание развивается в возрасте старше 40 лет, имеет рецидивирующее течение, возможна спонтанная инволюция отдельных элементов с формированием участков депигментации или атрофических рубцов. Авторы приводят случай собственного клинического наблюдения множественной эруптивной кератоакантомы типа Гржебовски у пациента 50 лет, который обратился на консультацию к дерматовенерологу в клинику Уральского НИИ дерматовенерологии и иммунопатологии. Длительность болезни на момент обращения составляла 2,5 года, ее возникновению предшествовало неоднократное посещение больным стран с избыточной инсоляцией, что может рассматриваться в качестве этиологического фактора развития заболевания. Диагноз впервые был заподозрен на консилиуме дерматовенерологов на основании клинической картины заболевания и в дальнейшем верифицирован данными патоморфологического исследования биоптата пораженной кожи. Показана эффективность применения ароматических ретиноидов в лечении множественной эруптивной кератоакантомы типа Гржебовски и приведены побочные эффекты, которые развились у больного при самостоятельном увеличении дозы ацитретина до 70 мг/сутки. В статье констатируется чрезвычайно редкая встречаемость данного заболевания, о чем свидетельствует приведенный клинический случай, диагностируемый впервые более чем за 90-летнюю историю существования института. Подчеркивается важность консолидации клинического опыта нескольких ведущих дерматовенерологов для диагностики множественной эруптивной кератоакантомы типа Гржебовски. The article presents a brief review of the literature about clinical manifestations, modern methods of diagnosticsand treatment of an extremely rare disease – generalized eruptive keratoacanthomas of Grzybowski. The disease is characterized by the appearance of hundreds or thousands of generalized itchy nodules on the skin of the face, trunk, limbs, genitals, oral mucosa and larynx within a short time. The disease develops at the age of over 40, has a recurrent course, spontaneous involution of individual elements with the formation of areas of depigmentation or atrophic scars is possible. The authors describe a case of their own clinical care of generalized eruptive keratoacanthomas of Grzybowski in a 50-year-old patient who consulted a dermatovenerologist at the clinic of the Ural Research Institute of Dermatovenerology and Immunopathology.The duration of the disease at the time of visit to a doctor was 2,5 years, its occurrence was preceded by repeated visits to countries with excessive insolation, which can be considered as an etiological factor in the development of the disease. The diagnosis was first suspected at a boarddermatovenerologists based on the clinical picture of the disease and subsequently verified by the data of a pathomorphological examination of the biopsy of the affected skin.The effectiveness of the use of aromatic retinoids in the treatment of generalized eruptive keratoacanthomas of Grzybowski is shown and the side effects that developed in the patient with an independent increase in the dose of acitretin to 70 mg/day are given. The article states the extremely rare occurrence of this disease, as evidenced by the above clinical case, diagnosed for the first time in more than 90 years of the institute's existence. The importance of consolidating the clinical experience of several leading dermatovenerologists for the diagnostics of generalized eruptive keratoacanthomas of Grzybowski is emphasized.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document