The Colombian Special Jurisdiction for Peace

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 449-467
Author(s):  
Marta Valiñas
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
Comprehensive System ◽  
Male Victims ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Peace Agreement ◽  
La Paz ◽  
Sexual Crimes ◽  
The Government ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

Abstract The Colombian Special Jurisdiction for Peace (Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz, SJP) is the judicial component of the Comprehensive System of Truth, Justice, Reparation and Non-Repetition created by the Peace Agreement signed between the Government of Colombia and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia — People’s Army in November 2016. The SJP started functioning in March 2018 and has already selected a few priority cases, some of which include sexual and gender-based crimes. It is to be expected that more cases involving these crimes will be initiated in the future. This article aims to offer some considerations for the SJP as it begins its investigation and adjudication of cases involving sexual and gender-based crimes. These considerations relate to ensuring that the full scope of sexual and gender-based violence is captured, including the experiences of male victims and the gender components of non-sexual crimes; and that the contextualization of sexual violence is prioritized over unnecessary considerations about the personal motives of the perpetrators.

Navigating gender in elite bargains: Women's movements and the quest for inclusive peace in Colombia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Alexandra Phelan ◽  
Jacqui True
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Women's Movements ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Peace Agreement ◽  
Bargaining Process ◽  
Political Bargaining ◽  
Significant Case ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

Abstract A growing body of scholarship connects the participation of women and the inclusion of gender provisions to the sustainability of peace settlements. But how do women's groups navigate gender power structures and gendered forms of violence within complex and fragile political bargaining processes aimed at ending large-scale conflict? The 2016 Colombian peace agreement, internationally applauded for its inclusion of strong gender provisions and women's participation as negotiators and peace advocates, is a significant case for examining these questions. Drawing on original case material, including interviews of key actors on different sides of the conflict – this article analyses the political bargaining dynamics within and among women's movements, the Santos government and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia, FARC). We argue that the inclusion of women was pivotal in transforming the elite bargaining process and power structures of Colombian society enabling a gender-based approach to the substantive peace agenda addressing transitional gender justice for sexual violence survivors and gender-equal redistribution through land and rural reform programmes. The study suggests that deeply situated political bargaining analysis is essential to navigating gender in elite bargains rather than a one-size-fits-all approach to inclusive peace.

Recognition and Protection of Women's Rights and Gender in FDRE Constitution and Other Laws of Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-46
Author(s):  
Yetimwork Anteneh Wondim
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Women's Rights ◽  
Women’S Rights ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Human Rights Protection ◽  
Sexual Division Of Labor ◽  
The Government ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

Irrespective of their contribution, women in Ethiopia have been facing issues like violence, gender-based discrimination, access to education and training, lack of basic human rights protection, and others. Girls' enrollment in education at all levels is much lower than boys. Female education is hampered mainly by the sexual division of labor, which confines girls to household activities. In addition, women have been suffering from gender-based violence under the guise of tradition and culture but condoned by society. In response to these problems, the Government of Ethiopia adopted relevant instruments pertaining to gender including the Convention for the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), The Beijing Platform for Action, The Ethiopian Constitution, and various other policies and establishing the national machinery for addressing gender issues. However, several challenges still exist in the realization of women's rights. Therefore, all the respect and protection given for human rights should also be given to women because women's rights are human rights.

Conservative line will delay Turks' gender progress

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
European Standards ◽  
The Government ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Lgbt Individuals

Significance He claimed Turkey had implemented many reforms to improve women's situation, but he and those around him have adopted an increasingly conservative discourse on women and been accused of hate speech against LGBT+ individuals. Turkey displays high levels of gender inequality, discrimination, intolerance and gender-based violence, especially by European standards. Impacts AKP’s discourse will make it the natural pole for that part of society that will remain very conservative for the foreseeable future. Oppositionists will continue criticising the government over violence against women in particular. Turkey will have an image problem and difficult relations with the EU and others, with even Saudi Arabia moving to improve women’s status. Women’s emancipation is set to continue, however slowly, despite few economic opportunities and COVID-19 increasing their domestic burdens. Turkey is likely to mirror gradually increasing global tolerance towards LGBT+ individuals.

The Female Tigers of Sri Lanka

2019 ◽  
pp. 208-223
Author(s):  
Georg Frerks
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Arranged Marriages ◽  
Armed Struggle ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The Government ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

This chapter discusses the motives and legitimation of female cadres of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) joining the fight against the Sri Lankan government. Tamil young women were, among others, motivated by grievances against the treatment of the Tamil minority by the government, their experience of sexual and gender-based violence by Sinhalese soldiers and Indian peacekeepers, and a wish to avenge the death of relatives. They also wanted to escape a suppressive and conservative Tamil culture that forced them into arranged marriages. The heroism and sacrificial martyrdom cultivated by the LTTE legitimized these women’s combat role among the Tamils in Northern and North-eastern Sri Lanka who admired their courage. Different societal and theoretical discourses exist concerning the supposedly victimizing, liberating, or empowering effects of female participation in armed struggle, but the situation in reality appears to be ambivalent, including both victimhood and emancipation.

‘Healthy Relationships’ campaign: Preventing and addressing family and gender-based violence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carley Robb-Jackson ◽  
Sandra Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Military Families ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
The United States ◽  
Military Family ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Healthy Relationships ◽  
Canadian Armed Forces ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Canadian Military

LAY SUMMARY Canadian military families face distinct challenges due to the military lifestyle, primarily due to relocation, absences and deployments, and risk of injury and death. Tied to these challenges is the intimate partner relationship and the ability of the family unit to thrive. To support families, Military Family Services (MFS) undertook a collaborative process to create a modernized campaign focused on healthy relationships for Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) members, Veterans, and their families. The “Healthy Relationships” campaign is a unique social media campaign centred on positive behaviour change, inspiration, and sharing of real military families’ stories. The campaign sought to shift the narrative from previous anti-family-violence messaging to promoting positive, healthy, and equitable relationships. The campaign was successful in its rollout across bases and wings in Canada, Europe, and the United States.

scholarly journals Assessment of women’s economic empowerment in the rice cultivation sector of the upper Punjab region, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saira Akhtar ◽  
Shabbir Ahmad ◽  
Wu Huifang ◽  
Shakeel Imran ◽  
Chunyu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Economic Empowerment ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Government ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

The present study was conducted to identify and discuss the social norms, perceptions, and expectations which shape or constraint men’s, and women’s economic empowerment. The current study was conducted in the rice cultivation sectors of Sheikhupura and Gujranwala districts of the Punjab Province, Pakistan.  A qualitative (cross-sectional) study was designed to get responses from the respondents of the targeted area. One tehsil was purposively selected from each district and sixty-five respondents (both males and females) were invited from 13 different villages of the above-mentioned tehsils. Focused Group Discussions (FGDs) were held for data collection activity in collaboration with the Doaba Foundation. A pre-defined interview guide based on Oxfam’s Social Norms Diagnostic Toolkit and Rapid Care Analysis Toolkit was used to collect opinions from the respondents with the inclusion of various exercises. The major findings of the study revealed that most of the care work yielded by women ranging from the rice cultivation to the household chores go unacknowledged, because it is included in the total household income, and the rural women face discrimination in every sphere of life. The study concludes that to achieve women’s economic empowerment, adequate wages, and safe working conditions, where they are protected from sexual and gender-based violence, must be ensured. The government should devise policies for the protection of women regarding discrimination and implement it in true spirit to fulfil the dream of the economic empowerment of women in Pakistan.

scholarly journals Community Perceptions of Sexual and Gender-Based Violence: A baseline report conducted in Anbar and Diyala Governorates, Iraq

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Shared Responsibility ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Extended Families ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Women And Girls ◽  
The Government ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Study Participants

Over three months in 2020, Oxfam in Iraq collected data in Diyala and Anbar Governorates in Iraq to improve its understanding of the overall situation regarding sexual and gender-based violence and local communities' perceptions of the issue. The researchers' goal was to provide baseline information against which to monitor and measure the progress and effectiveness of the project “Naseej: Connecting Voices and Action to End Violence Against Women and Girls in the MENA Region." The project aims to address sexual and gender-based violence in fragile and conflict settings. This study found that sexual and gender-based violence is widespread in Diyala and Anbar Governorates, and that communities perceive it to be mostly perpetrated by men. However, it also found that different vulnerabilities can overlap and that not all women and girls are perceived to be at the same risk. Most study participants believed that ending sexual and gender-based violence is the shared responsibility of the government, women's rights organizations, men, women and girls, and extended families.

Photos from the Quarter

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-112
Keyword(s):  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Israeli Occupation

This sample of photos from 16 August–15 November 2019 aims to convey a sense of Palestinian life during this quarter. The images capture Palestinians across the diaspora as they fight to exercise their rights: to run for office, to vote, and to protest both Israeli occupation and gender-based violence.

THE SINS OF THE FATHER: GENDER- BASED VIOLENCE IN POST-APARTHEID SOUTH AFRICA

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyn Snodgrass
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Black Women ◽  
South African ◽  
African Women ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
South African Women

This article explores the complexities of gender-based violence in post-apartheid South Africa and interrogates the socio-political issues at the intersection of class, ‘race’ and gender, which impact South African women. Gender equality is up against a powerful enemy in societies with strong patriarchal traditions such as South Africa, where women of all ‘races’ and cultures have been oppressed, exploited and kept in positions of subservience for generations. In South Africa, where sexism and racism intersect, black women as a group have suffered the major brunt of this discrimination and are at the receiving end of extreme violence. South Africa’s gender-based violence is fuelled historically by the ideologies of apartheid (racism) and patriarchy (sexism), which are symbiotically premised on systemic humiliation that devalues and debases whole groups of people and renders them inferior. It is further argued that the current neo-patriarchal backlash in South Africa foments and sustains the subjugation of women and casts them as both victims and perpetuators of pervasive patriarchal values.

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