Cananga odorata (Magnoliales: Annonaceae) Essential Oil Produces Significant Avoidance Behavior in Mosquitoes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chutipong Sukkanon ◽  
Jirod Nararak ◽  
Michael J Bangs ◽  
Theeraphap Chareonviriyaphap
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Avoidance Behavior ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Test Chamber ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Anopheles Dirus ◽  
Anopheles Mosquitoes ◽  
Primary Compounds ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Cananga Odorata

Abstract Essential oil of Cananga odorata Hook. F. & Tomson is a source of insect repellent, but contact irritancy and noncontact repellency actions that stimulate insect’s avoidance behavior (escape away from chemical source after direct physical contact or without making physical contact, respectively) have not been investigated. Therefore, an excito-repellency test chamber was used for measuring avoidance behavior of four insectary-reared mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) that escape from esposure to four concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0% v/v) of C. odorata oil. The oil strongly repelled both Culex quinquefasciatus Say (85–97% escape) and Anopheles minimus Theobald (97–99%) at high concentrations (2.5–5.0%). For Anopheles dirus Peyton & Harrison and Aedes aegypti (L.), highest repellency (64 and 39% escape, respectively) was demonstrated at 2.5% concentration. For contact irritancy, the oil produced relatively high percent escape found in Cx. quinquefasciatus (90–100% escape) and An. minimus (83–100%). Whereas moderate contact irritancy was observed against An. dirus (40–50% escape) and Ae. aegypti (51–59%). The percent escape was then adjusted with repellency to estimate the effect of contact irritancy alone. We found that highest contact irritancy was presented at 0.5% concentration against An. minimus (67% escape). Knockdown and toxic actions were only found in Anopheles mosquitoes at 5.0% concentration. The results revealed that An. minimus and Cx. quinquefasciatus were more prone to be repelled by C. odorata oil. Detailed analysis of oil identified primary compounds as methyl benzoate (14.6%), α-gurjunene (12.8%), p-methyl-anisole (11.3%), and benzyl acetate (9.9%). Further investigations are needed to assess excito-repellency actions of these compounds alone or in combination.

scholarly journals Chemical composition, antimicrobial activity and biological properties of essential oils

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Hossein Saeidnejad ◽  
Peyman Rajaei
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Antioxidant Agents ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Oil Repellent

Essential oils constitute a heterogeneous collection of chemical compounds. Their main characteristics are that they all synthesized by plants and are volatile and mostly soluble in ethanol. They have traditionally been obtained from plants and they have been widely used for insecticidal, medicinal and cosmetic purposes. Essential oils contains about 20–60 components at quite different concentrations and they are characterized by two or three major components at fairly high concentrations. Lately, the essential oils and various extracts of plants have gained special interest as sources of natural antimicrobial and antioxidant agents because of the resistance to antibiotics that some microorganisms have acquired and the possible toxicities of the synthetic antioxidants. Spices consumed daily in different types of food to improve flavors, since ancient times, are well known for their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. During recent decades, numerous numbers of plants have been monitored for their possible role as repellents and insecticides. In this review, the chemical composition profile of some important medicinal plants was evaluated, then antimicrobial properties of a number of essential oils was compared. Antioxidant activity of some essential oils was also considered. Finally, essential oil repellent properties an an important characteristics was evaluated. Further investigation for available data related to the other biological properties of medicinal plants essential oil is recommended.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v9i2.12043 International Journal of Life Sciences 9 (2) : 2015; 9-13

scholarly journals Chemical composition and antifungal activity of oil extracted from leaves turmeric (Curcuma longa)

2021 ◽  
pp. 123-131
Author(s):  
Rini Yanti ◽  
Hermina Nurdiawati ◽  
Puji Wulandari ◽  
Yudi Pranoto ◽  
Muhammad Nur Cahyanto
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Aspergillus Parasiticus ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Result Show ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Fungus Growth

Turmeric rhizomes are commonly used in the culinary, pharmaceutical, herbal medicine, and beverage industries. On the contrary, turmeric leaves are underutilized.  The aims of this study were to extract the essential oil from turmeric leaves, characterize the chemical composition of the oil, and determine its antifungal activities against aflatoxin-producing fungi. Steam distillation was used to extract the essential oil from turmeric leaves. The properties of the oil were identified using GC-MS. Antimicrobial activities against Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus were determined. Spores of the fungi were inoculated into potato dextrose agar plates supplemented with various quantities of turmeric leaves essential oil and incubated at 30°C for 7 days. The oil's primary constituents were α-phelandrene(46.70 %), followed by α-terpinolene (17.39 %), 1,8-cineole (8.78 %), benzene (4.24 %), and 2-β pinene (3.64 %). At low (<1%) concentrations, the oil delayed mycelia formation and at high concentrations it significantly inhibit fungal growth (at 1%) and completely inhibit colony formation (at 2%) Additionally, the result show that turmeric leaves oil can inhibited fungus growth at the lowest concentration (0.25 %) when compared to the control over a seven-day incubation period.

scholarly journals Culicidae-centric metabarcoding through targeted use of D2 ribosomal DNA primers

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro M. Pedro ◽  
Jandui Amorim ◽  
Martha V.R. Rojas ◽  
Ivy Luizi Sá ◽  
Allan Kardec Ribeiro Galardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Pcr Primers ◽  
Degraded Dna ◽  
Ribosomal Operon ◽  
Dna Pools ◽  
Current Sampling ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Dna Primers ◽  
Generation Sequencing

A practical limitation to many metabarcoding initiatives is that sampling methods tend to collect many non-target taxa, which become “amplicon noise” that can saturate Next Generation Sequencing results and lead to both financial and resource inefficiencies. An available molecular tool that can significantly decrease these non-target amplicons and decrease the need for pre-DNA-extraction sorting of bycatch is the design of PCR primers tailored to the taxa under investigation. We assessed whether the D2 extension segment of the 28S ribosomal operon can limit this shortcoming within the context of mosquito (Culicidae) monitoring. We designed PCR primers that are fully conserved across mosquitos and exclude from amplification most other taxa likely to be collected with current sampling apparatuses. We show that, given enough sequencing depth, D2 is an effective marker for the detection of mosquito sequences within mock genomic DNA pools. As few as 3,050 quality-filtered Illumina reads were able to recover all 17 species in a bulk pool containing as little as 0.2% of constituent DNA from single taxa. We also mixed these mosquito DNA pools with high concentrations of non-Culicidae bycatch DNA and show that the component mosquito species are generally still recoverable and faithful to their original relative frequencies. Finally, we show that there is little loss of fidelity in abundance parameters when pools from degraded DNA samples were sequenced using the D2 primers.

scholarly journals Chemotype of Litsea cubeba Essential Oil and Its Bioactivity

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1501000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syaliza Abdul Hammid ◽  
Fasihuddin Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Supplementary Information ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Litsea Cubeba ◽  
Geographical Variations ◽  
Chemical Profiles ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
High Concentrations

The essential oils from different parts of Litsea cubeba, collected from the highlands of Sarawak, were isolated and their chemical compositions analyzed. This study demonstrated significant variations in the chemical compositions and the chemical profiles of the volatiles and could provide valuable supplementary information on the geographical variations of the species. The fruit essential oil was dominated by citronellal, d-limonene and citronellol, while the leaf oil was high in eucalyptol and α-terpineol. High concentrations of citronellal and citronellol in both the root and bark oils were identified. In the stem, the oil was dominated by eucalyptol, d-limonene and α-terpineol. The activity of the oils against brine shrimp larvae, bacteria, yeast and fungi was determined. The oils were toxic against brine shrimp larvae with LC50 values ranging from 25.1 – 30.9 μL/mL. The oils also demonstrated a wide spectrum of inhibition against microorganisms with inhibition zones between 19.5 – 46.7 mm against Gram-positive bacteria and 10.5 – 90.0 mm against yeast and fungi. However, the oils were not active against Gram-negative bacteria.

scholarly journals Insecticidal Activity of Commiphora erythraea Essential Oil and Its Emulsions Against Larvae of Three Mosquito Species

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 1835-1842
Author(s):  
Ephantus J Muturi ◽  
William T Hay ◽  
Kenneth M Doll ◽  
Jose L Ramirez ◽  
Gordon Selling
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Inclusion Complex ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Chemical Constituent ◽  
Sodium Palmitate ◽  
Vector Management ◽  
Oil Emulsions ◽  
Promising Source

Abstract The use of essential oils as ecofriendly tools for vector management is one of the mainstreams for biopesticide research. We evaluated the larvicidal properties of Commiphora erythraea (opoponax) essential oil and its fractions against Culex restuans Theobald, Culex pipiens L., and Aedes aegypti L. The use of bio-based amylose–N-1-hexadecylammonium chloride inclusion complex (Hex-Am) and amylose–sodium palmitate inclusion complex (Na-Palm) as emulsifiers for C. erythraea essential oil was also investigated. Bisabolene was the most abundant chemical constituent in the whole essential oil (33.9%), fraction 2 (62.5%), and fraction 4 (23.8%) while curzerene (32.6%) and α-santalene (30.1%) were the dominant chemical constituents in fractions 1 and 3, respectively. LC50 values for the whole essential oil were 19.05 ppm for Cx. restuans, 22.61 ppm for Cx. pipiens, and 29.83 ppm for Ae. aegypti and differed significantly. None of the four C. erythraea essential oil fractions were active against mosquito larvae. Two CYP450 genes (CYP6M11 and CYP6N12) and one GST gene (GST-2) were significantly upregulated in Ae. aegypti larvae exposed to C. erythraea essential oil suggesting their potential involvement in metabolic pathways for C. erythraea essential oil. Essential oil emulsions produced with Hex-Am were more toxic than the whole essential oil while those produced with Na-Palm had similar toxicity as the whole essential oil. These findings demonstrate that C. erythraea essential oil is a promising source of mosquito larvicide and that the use of Hex-Am as an emulsifier can enhance the insecticidal properties of C. erythraea essential oil.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Larvicidal Activity of Mentha pulegium ssential Oil from Central Morocco Against Larvae of Mosquito Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (07) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fouad El-Akhal ◽  
Yassine Ezzoubi ◽  
Taghzouti Khalid ◽  
Abdelhakim El Ouali Lalami
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mentha Pulegium ◽  
The North ◽  
Medicinal Plant Extracts ◽  
Lc50 And Lc90

Background: In Morocco, the species Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) has developed resistance to the synthetic insecticide. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find alternatives to the insecticides, as natural herbal biocides. Objective: The essential oil of Mentha pulegium grown the North center of in Morocco has been analyzed and their larvicidal activity on Culex pipiens was determined. Methods: The analysis and the identification of the various constituents of essential oilobtained by hydro-distillation of the aerial part were carried out by Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). Biological tests were realized according to a methodology inspired from standard World Health Organization protocol. The larvicidal activity of medicinal plant extracts were tested against early fourth-instar larvae of Culex pipiens. The repellent efficacy was determined against of mosquito species (Culex pipiens) at six concentration’s (5, 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 ppm) under the laboratory condition. The mortality was observed 24h after treatment; data were subjected to probit analysis to determine the Lethal Concentrations (LC50 and LC90) to kill 50 and 90 percent of the treated larvae of tested species. Results: The major constituents of Mentha pulegium essential oil were identified as pulegone (53.23%), α-pinene (12.1%), piperitone (9.62%), menthone (9.26) and piperitenone (6.6%). The LC50 and LC90 were estimated at 25.45 ppm and 98.66 ppm respectively. Conclusion: This investigation indicates that the Mentha pulegium essential oil could serve as a potential larvicidal and could be used as an ideal ecofriendly approach for the control of the Culex pipiens.

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