Climate Change and the Risk of Malaria Transmission in Iran

Abstract Climate change is an important factor affecting the dynamics of the vectors population and, hence, the risk of vector-borne diseases. This study aimed to predict the environmental suitability for malaria vectors in Iran under climate change scenarios in 2030s and 2050s. Literature search was performed to find documents on the spatial distribution of Anopheles stephensi Liston, 1901, Anopheles culicifacies s.l. Giles, 1901, Anopheles fluviatilis s.l. James, 1902, Anopheles superpictus s.l. Grassi, 1899, Anopheles dthali Patton, 1905, Anopheles maculipennis s.l. Meigen, 1818, and Anopheles sacharovi Favre, 1903 (Diptera: Culicidae) published between 1970 and 2017. The bioclimatic data under three climate change scenarios (representative concentration pathway 2.6 [RCP2.6], RCP4.5, and RCP8.5) and MaxEnt model were used to predict the ecological niches for each species. Comparison between the two study periods under the three scenarios for each species revealed that RCP8.5 would reduce the area at risk for An. culicifacies s.l., An. dthali and An. superpictus s.l. in the 2050s compared to the 2030s, but the reverse will be induced by RCP2.6 and RCP4.5 scenarios. For An. fluviatilis s.l., RCP2.6 will reduce the risk areas in the 2050s, whereas an increase is expected under the two other scenarios. Moreover, all scenarios would decrease the high-risk areas of An. maculipennis s.l. in the 2050s. For An. sacharovi, RCP2.6 would increase its high-risk areas, whereas RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 would decrease its exposure. The high-risk area of An. stephensi is expected to increase under RCP8.5 in the 2030s and RCP4.5 in 2050s, but it will be almost unchanged or reduced under other scenarios.

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Gender-Based Differences and Barriers in Skin Protection Behaviors in Melanoma Survivors

Journal of Skin Cancer ◽

10.1155/2016/3874572 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Jeffrey Chen ◽

Johnny Shih ◽

Andrew Tran ◽

Aaron Mullane ◽

Christina Thomas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Population Based ◽

Skin Protection ◽

Risk Area ◽

Health Crisis ◽

High Risk Area ◽

Risk Areas ◽

Survey Results ◽

Gender Based ◽

Self Examination

Purpose. Skin protection behaviors and environmental exposure play a crucial role in the development and subsequent management of melanoma. This study investigates gender-based differences in skin protection behaviors after melanoma treatment.Methods. Patients diagnosed and surgically treated for cutaneous melanomas over the last six years in a geographically high risk area were surveyed over telephone using a standardized script.Results. Of 150 survey results obtained, there were 82 males and 68 females. Overall, 87% of participants reported skin self-examination for abnormal markings more often and 94% reported wearing skin protective clothing more often, with females being more than males. Females limited outdoor activity more often than males, 79% to 54%,p<0.05. When outside, females sought shade more often than males, 75% to 56%,p<0.05. However, males wore a wide brim hat more often than females, 52% to 28%,p<0.05. Interestingly, 60% of participants reported wearing SPF 30 sunscreen less often,p<0.05.Conclusion. Larger percentage of females adopted behavioral changes to prevent future melanoma. Those living in high risk areas and with outdoor occupations need particular attention to skin care. Population based screening should be adopted to deal with this rising public health crisis.

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PROPOSAL FOR UTILIZATION OF COMMUNITY DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN SYSTEM IN FLOOD HIGH RISK AREA -IN THE CASE ON EVACUATION BEHAVIOR OF DISABLED PERSON AT HEAVY RAIN DISASTER-

Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers Ser F6 (Safety Problem) ◽

10.2208/jscejsp.75.2_i_75 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 75 (2) ◽

pp. I_75-I_82

Author(s):

Chikako ISOUCHI ◽

Yukiko TSUDA ◽

Atsuko NONOMURA

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Disaster Management ◽

Heavy Rain ◽

Management Plan ◽

Risk Area ◽

High Risk Area ◽

Evacuation Behavior

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74 Improving Handover Between Doctors and Nurses on An Elderly Care Ward

Age and Ageing ◽

10.1093/ageing/afab030.35 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. i12-i42

Author(s):

K Suseeharan ◽

T Vedutla

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Patient Care ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Elderly Care ◽

Task Completion ◽

Risk Area ◽

High Risk Area ◽

Staff Members ◽

Care Ward ◽

Doctors And Nurses

Abstract Background The Royal College of Physician guidelines (2011) identified handover as a “high risk step” in patient care, especially in recent times within the NHS where shift patterns lead to more disjointed care with a high reliance on effective handover by all staff members. Introduction At Cannock Chase hospital, Fairoak ward is an elderly care rehabilitation ward where there is a large multi-disciplinary team. While working on the ward as doctors we noticed that handover between the MDT was poor. Anecdotal evidence from both doctors and nurses felt that this was a high risk area in need of improvement. Aim to improve handover between doctors and nurses on this elderly care ward. Method To measure the quality of current handover practice we did a questionnaire. A total of 12 questionnaires were completed which showed that 92% of staff felt that handover on the ward was very poor and 50% preferred both written and verbal handover. We measured the number of tasks verbally handed over between doctors and nurses over 3 days. On average 65% of the tasks were completed. We then made the below interventions and re-audited to see if there was any improvement. Interventions over 3 week period: Results Questionnaire: Measuring task completion after interventions; Conclusion This project has made a positive change qualitatively and quantitatively to the ward handover practice. Staff satisfaction regarding handover has improved and the number of “handed over” tasks completed daily has significantly improved. The written handover sheet had poor utilisation by staff but in 4 months we are going to re-audit and trial the handover sheet again to further improve service delivery. We hope this improvement will have a positive impact on patient care on this elderly care ward.

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An Alternative Risk Assessment Model of Urban Waterlogging: A Case Study of Ningbo City

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13020826 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 826

Author(s):

Meiling Zhou ◽

Xiuli Feng ◽

Kaikai Liu ◽

Chi Zhang ◽

Lijian Xie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

High Risk ◽

Assessment Model ◽

Risk Assessments ◽

Risk Assessment Model ◽

Risk Area ◽

The North ◽

Coastal Cities ◽

Risk Areas ◽

The City

Influenced by climate change, extreme weather events occur frequently, and bring huge impacts to urban areas, including urban waterlogging. Conducting risk assessments of urban waterlogging is a critical step to diagnose problems, improve infrastructure and achieve sustainable development facing extreme weathers. This study takes Ningbo, a typical coastal city in the Yangtze River Delta, as an example to conduct a risk assessment of urban waterlogging with high-resolution remote sensing images and high-precision digital elevation models to further analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of waterlogging risk. Results indicate that waterlogging risk in the city proper of Ningbo is mainly low risk, accounting for 36.9%. The higher-risk and medium-risk areas have the same proportions, accounting for 18.7%. They are followed by the lower-risk and high-risk areas, accounting for 15.5% and 9.6%, respectively. In terms of space, waterlogging risk in the city proper of Ningbo is high in the south and low in the north. The high-risk area is mainly located to the west of Jiangdong district and the middle of Haishu district. The low-risk area is mainly distributed in the north of Jiangbei district. These results are consistent with the historical situation of waterlogging in Ningbo, which prove the effectiveness of the risk assessment model and provide an important reference for the government to prevent and mitigate waterlogging. The optimized risk assessment model is also of importance for waterlogging risk assessments in coastal cities. Based on this model, the waterlogging risk of coastal cities can be quickly assessed, combining with local characteristics, which will help improve the city’s capability of responding to waterlogging disasters and reduce socio-economic loss.

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S2031 Socioeconomic Status in Relation to Esophageal Cancer in a High-Risk Area of Iran

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/s0016-5085(08)61401-8 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 134 (4) ◽

pp. A-301 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Farhad Islami ◽

Farin Kamangar ◽

Dariush Nasrollahzadeh ◽

Masoud Sotoudeh ◽

Christian C. Abnet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Esophageal Cancer ◽

High Risk ◽

Risk Area ◽

High Risk Area

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Innovative Road — a High-Risk Area

Economic Strategies ◽

10.33917/es-8.174.2020.136-141 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 144 ◽

pp. 136-141

Author(s):

Aleksei F. Renkel’ ◽

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Research And Development ◽

Russian Federation ◽

Education System ◽

Patent Law ◽

Risk Area ◽

High Risk Area ◽

Foreign Experience ◽

The Russian Federation

At present the education system in the Russian Federation does not include any program teaching the basics of patent law on inventions, therefore protection of copyright holders in courts is very problematic. The article analyzes foreign experience of patent law on inventions, provides examples of implementing research and development results.

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