Retardation of Growth Rate in Aedes Aegypti (L.) Larvae Exposed to Vital Dyes1

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 693-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Barbosa ◽  
Michael T. Peters
Keyword(s):  
1990 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Sebastian ◽  
Myint Myint Sein ◽  
Myat Myat Thu ◽  
Philip S. Corbet

AbstractA pilot field study, involving periodic augmentative release of predatory larvae of a dragonfly, Crocothemis servilia (Drury), to suppress a mosquito, Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus), was conducted during the rainy season in Yangon (Rangoon). More than 90% of pre-adult A. aegypti occurred in domestic water-storage containers. Evaluations of larval and adult numbers of A. aegypti were made half-monthly three times before, and seven times after, treatment began. Four laboratory-reared, three-week-old C. servilia larvae were placed in each major source of A. aegypti larvae immediately after the third evaluation and then monthly for three successive months. Such treatment reduced the larval population of A. aegypti to a very low level in two to three weeks and suppressed it progressively until the trial ended; the adult population was greatly reduced after about six weeks and was progressively diminished thereafter until the trial ended. The trial's success was ascribed to: the virtual confinement of pre-adult stages of the target mosquito to containers accessible to control operators; the behaviour, growth rate, survival and ready availability of the chosen species of dragonfly; and the awareness and enthusiastic participation of local householders.


1958 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micha Bar-Zeev

The effect of temperature on the growth rate and survival of the immature stages of Aëdes aegypti (L.) was studied by rearing them at each of a series of constant temperatures from 14–38°C. in water to which adequate food (bakers' yeast) was added. Larvae were hatched, by immersing eggs in water, in four successive groups with an interval of six hours between each, and six hours after the last group hatched, and every 24 hours thereafter, those surviving in each group were recorded and transferred to fresh water and food, the exuviae remaining being recorded. The average time at which any given stage was reached was taken as the mid-point of the 6-hr. period within which the number of individuals that had completed the previous stage reached 50 per cent, of the total that finally did so.The curve relating temperature and time of development from newly hatched larva to adult is hyperbolic, except at the extremes. The later the instar, the lower is the temperature at which growth is most rapid. The threshold of development was between 9° and 10°C., the developmental zero 13.3°C., and the average thermal constant (between 16° and 32°C.) 2,741 degree-hours. The highest and lowest temperatures permitting development from newly hatched larva to adult were 36° and 14°C., respectively. The average durations of the four successive larval stages and the pupal stage, expressed as percentages of the time taken for newly hatched larvae to reach the adult stage, were 14.6, 13.9, 17.5, 33.3 and 20.6, respectively.


1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 1293-1302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Gordon ◽  
Charles H. Bailey ◽  
Janette M. Barber

Newly hatched Aedes aegypti larvae were experimentally infected with controlled levels of infection of the mermithid nematode Reesimermis nielseni and the development of the parasite was recorded. The nematode increased in length by 18-fold and in width by 16-fold during a relatively short 6- to 8-day parasitic phase. Most of the nematode's growth was restricted to the latter half (3 days) of the infective period. A cuticularized tube, extending posteriorly from the stoma, was present throughout parasitic development. After 3 days infection, the nematode possessed a membrane-bound stichosome containing 16 stichocytes, and a cellular trophosome with storage nutrient granules beginning to accumulate in the intercellular spaces. Between 3 and 4 days infection, the parasite probably molted as its growth rate suddenly increased, its stylet was lost, and a caudal appendage acquired. The stichosome, trophosome, and genital rudiment continued to develop for the rest of the infective period. A discrete granular body of unknown function and containing a large nucleated cell developed anterior to the stichosome. By the 5th and 6th days of infection, the enlarged trophosome, packed with storage globules, almost completely obscured the stichosome and genital rudiment. The nematode does not possess a stylet to facilitate emergence from its host, nor does it appear to molt immediately before emergence. The possible functions of the stichosome and cuticularized tube are discussed.


Author(s):  
Wilfried Sigle ◽  
Matthias Hohenstein ◽  
Alfred Seeger

Prolonged electron irradiation of metals at elevated temperatures usually leads to the formation of large interstitial-type dislocation loops. The growth rate of the loops is proportional to the total cross-section for atom displacement,which is implicitly connected with the threshold energy for atom displacement, Ed . Thus, by measuring the growth rate as a function of the electron energy and the orientation of the specimen with respect to the electron beam, the anisotropy of Ed can be determined rather precisely. We have performed such experiments in situ in high-voltage electron microscopes on Ag and Au at 473K as a function of the orientation and on Au as a function of temperature at several fixed orientations.Whereas in Ag minima of Ed are found close to <100>,<110>, and <210> (13-18eV), (Fig.1) atom displacement in Au requires least energy along <100>(15-19eV) (Fig.2). Au is thus the first fcc metal in which the absolute minimum of the threshold energy has been established not to lie in or close to the <110> direction.


2020 ◽  
Vol 640 ◽  
pp. A53
Author(s):  
L. Löhnert ◽  
S. Krätschmer ◽  
A. G. Peeters

Here, we address the turbulent dynamics of the gravitational instability in accretion disks, retaining both radiative cooling and irradiation. Due to radiative cooling, the disk is unstable for all values of the Toomre parameter, and an accurate estimate of the maximum growth rate is derived analytically. A detailed study of the turbulent spectra shows a rapid decay with an azimuthal wave number stronger than ky−3, whereas the spectrum is more broad in the radial direction and shows a scaling in the range kx−3 to kx−2. The radial component of the radial velocity profile consists of a superposition of shocks of different heights, and is similar to that found in Burgers’ turbulence. Assuming saturation occurs through nonlinear wave steepening leading to shock formation, we developed a mixing-length model in which the typical length scale is related to the average radial distance between shocks. Furthermore, since the numerical simulations show that linear drive is necessary in order to sustain turbulence, we used the growth rate of the most unstable mode to estimate the typical timescale. The mixing-length model that was obtained agrees well with numerical simulations. The model gives an analytic expression for the turbulent viscosity as a function of the Toomre parameter and cooling time. It predicts that relevant values of α = 10−3 can be obtained in disks that have a Toomre parameter as high as Q ≈ 10.


1987 ◽  
Vol 48 (C1) ◽  
pp. C1-661-C1-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. PETIT ◽  
P. DUVAL ◽  
C. LORIUS

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