Change Mechanisms in Patient-Preferred Live Music: An Exploratory Interpretivist Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J Silverman
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Training ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Medical Settings ◽  
Visual Model ◽  
Live Music ◽  
Change Mechanisms

Abstract Although there is empirical support for patient-preferred live music (PPLM) in addressing affective states and pain for adults in medical settings, there is a lack of data regarding why PPLM might be effective. Identifying the underlying processes and events of change mechanisms within PPLM has the potential to improve education and clinical training, distinguish music therapy from other music interventions, and augment treatment outcomes for service users. The practitioner’s expertise constitutes a component of evidence-based practice and could be used to identify change mechanisms that result in PPLM being effective. Therefore, the purpose of this exploratory interpretivist study was to understand practitioners’ perceptions of PPLM change mechanisms for adults in medical settings. I conducted in-depth individual semi-structured interviews with 10 practitioners who had provided protocol-based PPLM in adult medical settings as a component of published research projects. Incorporating member checking and trustworthiness, I used an inductive approach to thematic analysis to analyze data. I identified 3 major themes: Choices within PPLM, Music-based aspects of PPLM, and Positive outcomes resultant of PPLM. These themes were supported by 17 subthemes. The subthemes helped to explain relationships between results and I developed a visual model to conceptualize PPLM change mechanisms. While previous objectivist literature has found PPLM to be an effective intervention for adults in medical settings, the results of the current study provide an evidence-based and practitioner-centric approach to PPLM change mechanisms. Implications for clinical practice, limitations of the study, and suggestions for future research are provided.

Introducing Music Therapy to Hospitalized Adults in Medical Settings: A Thematic Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantise J Hunt ◽  
Michael J Silverman
Keyword(s):  
Music Therapy ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Music Therapists ◽  
Medical Settings ◽  
Music Therapist ◽  
Live Music ◽  
Clinical Benefits

Abstract Music therapy can decrease illness- and treatment-related symptoms for adults in medical settings. In these environments, service users often decide to accept or decline music therapy after a brief introduction by the music therapist. As there is limited literature exploring the challenges related to these introductions, the purpose of this interpretivist study was to describe how music therapists introduce music therapy in the form of patient-preferred live music (MT-PPLM) in adult medical settings to augment the likelihood of patients accepting treatment. We conducted semi-structured interviews with nine participants who had experience providing MT-PPLM in adult medical settings. In this exploratory interpretivist study, we used an inductive approach to thematic analysis and incorporated member-checking to augment trustworthiness and credibility of the results. We identified three themes (supported by eight subthemes depicted in parentheses): (A) Offer patient a unique interaction through verbal and nonverbal techniques (Provide opportunities for patient control; Engage patient through nonmedical dialogue; and Use affect and body language to convey a different demeanor); (B) Clarify expectations related to patient and session (Avoid the word “therapy”; Use the music to explain the intervention; and Mention clinical benefits to describe what the patient can expect from the session); and (C) Respond to patient’s verbal and nonverbal communication (Assess patient and adapt introduction; and Validate patient’s response). The findings offer introductory techniques for music therapists that may increase the likelihood of adults in medical settings accepting MT-PPLM. Implications for clinical practice, ethical considerations, limitations, and suggestions for future research are provided.

China in Africa: a critical literature review

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdoulkadre Ado ◽  
Zhan Su
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Current State ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review ◽  
Critical Literature

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to critically assesses the major contributions to the academic literature on China’s increased focus on Africa, from 2001 to 2011. It discusses the key trends concerning China’s presence in Africa and draws conclusions on the significance of the studies by emphasizing and contrasting the prevailing positions. Design/methodology/approach – Based on a qualitative approach using an integrative and comprehensive literature review, the authors performed a content analysis of high-impact, peer-reviewed papers. Findings – The paper questions and repositions some of the existing controversies. The results from existing studies remain questionable, requiring further clarification and more theoretical backing. It, moreover, highlights the notion that behind the explicit neutrality views of China’s presence in Africa, implicit assumptions may exist. These are often the differences in narratives conveyed by Western and Southern stakeholders. Research limitations/implications – Most of the conclusions drawn from this paper need to be re-explored and supported by additional research. This could be done by widening the scope of the analysis. Studies need to provide more empirical support for their assertions through quantitative data and evidence-based qualitative analyses – all within a framework that considers more cultural, social and historical dimensions. The paper also suggests that an institutionally based view appears most relevant in better explaining China in Africa. Originality/value – This paper reviews a decade of research on China in Africa and presents a snapshot of the current state of knowledge. It also raises concerns to be analyzed by future research and proposes new avenues for better understanding China’s presence in Africa.

Perceived mechanisms targeting cancer-related fatigue, song choice rationale, and song function: An interpretivist study of patient-preferred live music with adult oncology patients on a blood and marrow transplant unit

2020 ◽  
pp. 030573562094229
Author(s):  
Lacey Reimnitz ◽  
Michael Silverman
Keyword(s):  
Symptomatic Relief ◽  
Marrow Transplant ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Oncology Patients ◽  
Cancer Related Fatigue ◽  
Blood And Marrow Transplant ◽  
Live Music ◽  
Musical Elements ◽  
Insight Into

Although patient-preferred live music (PPLM) can be an effective music therapy intervention for addressing cancer-related fatigue (CRF) in adult oncology patients, there is a gap in the literature specific to patients’ experiences of how PPLM impacts CRF. The primary purpose of this interpretivist study was to understand the mechanisms by which PPLM impacts CRF from the patients’ perspectives. The secondary purpose was to gain insight into patients’ song choice rationales and their ensuing function within PPLM. We provided PPLM and conducted semi-structured interviews with adult oncology patients ( N = 5) on a blood and marrow transplant unit. We used an inductive approach to thematic analysis to analyze interview transcripts and achieved trustworthiness through independent analyses of transcripts as well as peer review of codes and themes. Participants described how PPLM provided CRF symptomatic relief by facilitating emotional release and being an aesthetically pleasing distraction. Participants noted they chose songs because of memorable experiences and for musical elements and components, while explaining that PPLM facilitated reminiscence, promoted relaxation and restful states, and encouraged reflection through the lyrics. Results provide an initial patient-centric understanding of how and why PPLM might impact CRF. Implications for clinical practice, limitations, and suggestions for future research are provided.

scholarly journals Acceptability of a digital return-to-work intervention for common mental disorders: a qualitative study on service user perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrik Engdahl ◽  
Petra Svedberg ◽  
Ulrika Bejerholm
Keyword(s):  
Return To Work ◽  
Service User ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Effort ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Positive Attitudes

Abstract Background There is an evident discrepancy between need and provision of evidence-based return-to-work (RTW) interventions in existing mental health services. Online dissemination of evidence-based interventions is presumed to reduce this gap. However, there is almost no knowledge available on perceived acceptability of digital RTW interventions among service users, which are factors that might influence the development and implementation of future interventions. The aim of this study was to develop knowledge of service user acceptability of mWorks, a proposed digital RTW solution. Methods Participants (n = 18) with experience of common mental disorder and sick leave were recruited with a purposive snowball sampling method. Semi-structured interviews (n = 12) and one focus group interview (n = 6) were conducted. A deductive thematic analysis was performed according to the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability. Results Digital RTW interventions were perceived as acceptable and aligned with participant value. Participants expressed positive attitudes toward having access to support, regardless of time and place. A certain ambiguity between a decline in social interactions and opportunities to RTW in a safe space was reported. Participants were confident in their ability to use digital RTW solutions, but reported the need to reduce stressful elements of using smartphones. Overly demanding digital solutions, i.e. ones requiring high cognitive effort, were described as burdensome. Conclusions For digital RTW solutions to be acceptable, they need to complement traditional services by providing accessible and person-centred support throughout the RTW process. They should be designed to reduce the need for cognitive effort. Future research should explore how to balance user autonomy with other support components in digital interventions.

scholarly journals Framing a Vision for Physiotherapy Research: Synthesizing Educators' Viewpoints in Cape Town

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quinette louw ◽  
Karen Grimmer-Somers ◽  
Lynette Crous ◽  
Margaret Marais ◽  
Seyi Amosum
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
South African ◽  
Clinical Teaching ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Research Education

Purpose: The Cape Town region is the largest training locality for physiotherapy training in South Africa. The socio-political changes since the first democratic election in South Africa have impacted on physiotherapy training and clinical practice, although there currently is no evidence-based vision statement for physiotherapy practice in South Africa. This paper reports key findings from interviews held with three prominent physiotherapy educators / administrators in the three Cape Town universities' physiotherapy schools regarding their perspectives on research, clinical teaching and evidence-based practice in physiotherapy. The purpose of this research was to frame a vision for South African physiotherapy, which could underpin profession-wide discussions on equity, accessibility, safety, evidence-base and appropriate-resourced physiotherapy care for all South Africans. Method: A qualitative research design was employed and semi-structured interviews were conducted individually with 3 key participants who each have more than 10 years experience in education at the three physiotherapy tertiary training institutions in Cape Town. The questions sought perspectives on where physiotherapy research education had come from over recent times in South Africa, what contributed to its successes and failures, and what future there was for research and clinical practice in South Africa into the future. Results: The positive points about South African research were that research interest is perceived to be growing for academics and clinicians, postgraduate degrees have been introduced in all Cape Town universities. Negative points were reported included a lack of focus and direction for research and the overwhelming volume of research to be undertaken relative to the changing South African health care scene. Conclusion: The research findings highlight the need for the development of a vision that rises above individual organizations and institutions, and which takes a nation-wide view of future research and its relationship with clinical practice and community need.

Modeling Evidence-Based Practice for Graduate Clinicians: Perspectives from Off-Site Clinical Supervisors in Medical Settings

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon B. Hart ◽  
Kelly A. Kleinhans
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Evidence Based Practice ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Fundamental Aspect ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Clinical Expertise ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Medical Settings ◽  
Clinical Placements

A fundamental aspect of graduate education in speech-language pathology is facilitating clinical competence. Teaching clinical decision-making within an evidence-based practice framework is necessary during both on-site and off-site clinical experiences. In this article the authors present the results of semi-structured interviews with off-site supervisors in medical settings. Interview questions addressed aspects of evidence-based practice (EBP) that are discussed or modeled for students. Supervisors also weighed the importance of each EBP element in their practice. Clinical expertise was given slightly more weight as compared to external scientific evidence and client/patient/caregiver perspective elements. However, individual responses were highly variable across participants. Suggestions for ensuring continued EBP instruction during off-site clinical placements is discussed.

Critical Incident Interventions

2017 ◽  
pp. 119-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Brucia ◽  
Matthew J. Cordova ◽  
Josef I. Ruzek
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Critical Incident ◽  
Critical Incidents ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Police Culture ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Early Interventions ◽  
Critical Incident Stress ◽  
Stress Debriefing

Police officers are exposed to many critical incidents throughout their careers. This chapter discusses critical incident exposure and psychological sequelae in police officers, police culture, obstacles to mental health care, currently utilized early interventions, existing research for these approaches, alternative evidence-based early interventions, emerging models, and directions for future research. Given the frequency and potential impact of critical incidents, early intervention for exposed police officers is of central importance. One of the most commonly utilized group early interventions, Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD), has limited empirical support, such that some departments are being advised against its use. That said, there are important challenges in identifying better, evidence-based alternatives.

Critical Incident Interventions

2019 ◽  
pp. 159-182
Author(s):  
Emily Brucia ◽  
Matthew J. Cordova ◽  
Josef I. Ruzek
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Critical Incident ◽  
Critical Incidents ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Police Culture ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Early Interventions ◽  
Critical Incident Stress ◽  
Stress Debriefing

Police officers are exposed to many critical incidents throughout their careers. This chapter discusses critical incident exposure and psychological sequelae in police officers, police culture, obstacles to mental health care, currently utilized early interventions, existing research for these approaches, alternative evidence-based early interventions, emerging models, and directions for future research. Given the frequency and potential impact of critical incidents, early intervention for exposed police officers is of central importance. One of the most commonly utilized group early interventions, Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD), has limited empirical support, such that some departments are being advised against its use. That said, there are important challenges in identifying better, evidence-based alternatives.

scholarly journals A qualitative study exploring the perceived impact of supervision training on cognitive therapy supervisor practice

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Younge ◽  
Anne Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Supervision Training ◽  
Learning Principles ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
The Impact

AbstractAlthough cognitive therapy (CT) has a large empirical base, research is lacking for CT supervision and supervision training, which presents an obstacle for evidence-based practice. A pilot CT supervision training programme, based on Milne's evidence-based supervision and Roth & Pilling's supervision competences was developed by the Northern Ireland Centre for Trauma and Transformation (NICTT), an organization specializing in CT therapy provision and training. This pilot study qualitatively explores CT supervisors’ perceptions of the impact the training had on their practice. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven participants, transcribed verbatim and analysed using Burnard's thematic content analysis. Findings illustrated that experienced CT supervisors perceived benefit from training and that the majority of supervisors had implemented contracts, used specific supervision models and paid more attention to supervisee learning as a result of the training. Obstacles to evaluating supervision included the lack of reliable user-friendly evaluation tools and supervisor consultancy structures. Recommendations are also made for future research to establish the long-term effects of supervision training and its effect on patient outcomes. Implications for future training based on adult learning principles are discussed.

scholarly journals A Qualitative Investigation into Practitioners’ Perspectives of the Coping-Infused Dialogue through Patient-Preferred Live Music Protocol

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Joseph Silverman
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Medical Patients ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Therapeutic Interaction ◽  
Live Music ◽  
Receptive Music Therapy ◽  
Emerging Themes ◽  
Patient Responses ◽  
Practice Framework

The Coping-Infused Dialogue through Patient Preferred Live Music (CID-PPLM) protocol was designed to integrate receptive music therapy with a discussion of stressors and coping skills. However, to better understand the advantages and disadvantages of the protocol within the contemporary evidence-based practice framework, investigation with protocol practitioners is warranted. The purpose of this study was to understand practitioners’ perspectives of the CID-PPLM protocol. Specific research questions included practitioners’ perspectives of the following: (1) What are potential advantages of the CID-PPLM protocol and how might it function with adult medical patients? (2) What are potential disadvantages of the CID-PPLM protocol and how might it be improved? Five practitioners participated in individual semi-structured interviews. Themes were identified via thematic analysis. Member checking and trustworthiness were used. Participants had positive, as well as constructive, perceptions of the CID-PPLM. Emerging themes included: CID-PPLM provides choice, control, support, and autonomy; CID-PPLM allows for individualized patient responses within a distinct therapeutic interaction; and the CID-PPLM can be restrictive. Emerging themes and sub-themes can be used to modify the CID-PPLM and provide a framework for new protocols to offer clinicians additional flexibility to best serve adult medical patients. Implications, limitations, and suggestions for future research are provided.

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