scholarly journals Very Low and Higher Carbohydrate Diets Promote Differential Appetite Responses in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (4) ◽  
pp. 800-805
Author(s):  
Noor A Struik ◽  
Grant D Brinkworth ◽  
Campbell H Thompson ◽  
Jonathan D Buckley ◽  
Gary Wittert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
E Protein ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Prospective Consumption

ABSTRACT Background Effects of very low carbohydrate (VLC) diets on appetite response in individuals with type 2 diabetes remain unclear. Objective A secondary analysis was conducted to determine appetite responses to an energy-restricted [30% of energy (%E) deficit] very low carbohydrate (VLC) diet compared with a higher carbohydrate (HC) diet in adults who were overweight or obese with type 2 diabetes. Methods Forty-four men and 40 women (mean ± SD, age: 58.7 ± 6.6 y; weight: 100.4 ± 15.5 kg; BMI: 34.5 ± 4.1 kg/m2; glycated hemoglobin: 7.3 ± 1.0%; duration of diabetes: 6.7 ± 5.6 y) were randomly assigned to diets categorized as VLC [14%E carbohydrate (<50 g/d), 28%E protein, 58%E fat (<10%E saturated fat)], or energy-matched HC [53%E carbohydrate, 17%E protein, 30%E fat (<10%E saturated fat)] combined with progressive multicomponent exercise (60 min; 3 d/wk). Body weight, average weekly “daily fasting” and “daily overall” appetite perceptions (hunger, fullness, prospective consumption, and desire to eat—visual analog scales) were assessed at baseline and after 4 and 16 wk. Changes between diets over time were assessed using repeated measures ANOVA. Results Significant decreases in body weight did not differ between groups (VLC: −11.0 ± 5.4 kg/16 wk compared with HC: −10.1 ± 4.3 kg/16 wk, P = 0.40). Compared with HC, VLC had greater decreases in “daily overall” ratings of fullness (P time × diet < 0.01), such that scores were higher in HC at Week 4 (VLC:48 ± 3 vs HC:56 ± 3 mm, P = 0.001) and 16 (VLC:51 ± 2 vs HC:57 ± 3 mm, P = 0.019). Compared with HC, VLC had greater increases in prospective consumption ratings (P time × diet = 0.03), such that scores were lower in HC at Week 4 (VLC:33 ± 2 vs HC:28 ± 2 mm, P = 0.008), but not at Week 16 (VLC:33 ± 2 vs HC 31 ± 2 mm, P = 0.289). Conclusions In the context of energy restriction, both HC and VLC energy-matched diets promoted comparable effects on fasting perceptions of appetite, but the HC diet resulted in greater “daily overall” fullness and reduced prospective consumption. Further research is required to evaluate the effects of ad libitum diets differing in amounts of carbohydrate on appetite response in populations with type 2 diabetes. This trial was registered at www.anzctr.org.au as ACTRN12612000369820.

scholarly journals Comment on Tay et al. A Very Low-Carbohydrate, Low–Saturated Fat Diet for Type 2 Diabetes Management: A Randomized Trial. Diabetes Care 2014;37:2909–2918

Diabetes Care ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. e64-e64
Author(s):  
Maria Ida Maiorino ◽  
Michela Petrizzo ◽  
Giuseppe Bellastella ◽  
Dario Giugliano ◽  
Katherine Esposito
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Diabetes Care ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

scholarly journals Long-term consumption of a low carbohydrate, low saturated fat diet improves type 2 diabetes management

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 27-28
Author(s):  
J. Tay ◽  
N.D. Luscombe-Marsh ◽  
C.H. Thompson ◽  
M. Noakes ◽  
J.D. Buckley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

scholarly journals A randomised-controlled trial of the effects of very low-carbohydrate and high-carbohydrate diets on cognitive performance in patients with type 2 diabetes

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 (10) ◽  
pp. 1745-1753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeannie Tay ◽  
Ian T. Zajac ◽  
Campbell H. Thompson ◽  
Natalie D. Luscombe-Marsh ◽  
Vanessa Danthiir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Perceptual Speed ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

AbstractThis study compared the longer-term effects of a very low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet with a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet on cognitive performance in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). In total, 115 obese adults with T2D (sixty-six males, BMI: 34·6 (sd 4·3) kg/m2, age: 58 (sd 7) years, HbA1c: 7·3 (sd 1·1) %, diabetes duration: 8 (sd 6) years) were randomised to consume either an energy-restricted, very low-carbohydrate, low-saturated-fat (LC) diet or an energy-matched high unrefined carbohydrate, low-fat (HC) diet with supervised aerobic/resistance exercise (60 min, 3 d/week) for 52 weeks. Body weight, HbA1c and cognitive performance assessing perceptual speed, reasoning speed, reasoning ability, working memory, verbal fluency, processing speed, short-term memory, inhibition and memory scanning speed were assessed before and after intervention. No differences in the changes in cognitive test performance scores between the diet groups were observed for any of the cognitive function outcomes assessed (P≥0·24 time×diet). Percentage reduction in body weight correlated with improvements with perceptual speed performance. In obese adults with T2D, both LC and HC weight-loss diets combined with exercise training had similar effects on cognitive performance. This suggests that an LC diet integrated within a lifestyle modification programme can be used as a strategy for weight and diabetes management without the concern of negatively affecting cognitive function.

scholarly journals Effects of the low carbohydrate, high fat diet on glycemic control and body weight in patients with type 2 diabetes: experience from a community-based cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e000980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shabina Roohi Ahmed ◽  
Sridevi Bellamkonda ◽  
Mihail Zilbermint ◽  
Jiangxia Wang ◽  
Rita Rastogi Kalyani
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Usual Care ◽  
Care Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

ObjectiveThe optimal diet to improve glycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes remains unclear. Low carbohydrate, high fat (LCHF) diets can improve glycemic control, but have not been investigated in real-world settings.Research design and methodsWe investigated effects of the LCHF diet compared with usual care in a community-based cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes by performing a retrospective study of 49 patients who followed the LCHF diet for ≥3 months, and compared glycemic outcomes with age-matched and body mass index (BMI)-matched controls who received usual care (n=75). The primary outcome was change in A1C from baseline to the end of follow-up.ResultsCompared with the usual care group, the LCHF group showed a significantly greater reduction in A1C (−1.29% (95% CI −1.75 to −0.82; p<0.001)) and body weight (−12.8 kg (95% CI −14.7 to −10.8; p<0.001) at the end of follow-up after adjusting for age, sex, baseline A1C, BMI, baseline insulin dose. Of the patients initially taking insulin therapy in the LCHF group, 100% discontinued it or had a reduction in dose, compared with 23.1% in the usual care group (p<0.001). The LCHF group also had significantly greater reduction in fasting plasma glucose (−43.5 vs −8.5 mg/mL; p=0.03) compared with usual care.ConclusionsIn a community-based cohort of type 2 diabetes, the LCHF diet was associated with superior A1C reduction, greater weight loss and significantly more patients discontinuing or reducing antihyperglycemic therapies suggesting that the LCHF diet may be a metabolically favorable option in the dietary management of type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Effects of basic carbohydrate counting versus standard outpatient nutritional education (The BCC Study): study protocol for a randomised, parallel open-label, intervention study focusing on HbA1c and glucose variability in patients with type 2 diabetes

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e032893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina Ewers ◽  
Jens Meldgaard Bruun ◽  
Tina Vilsbøll
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Glycaemic Control ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Estimation Accuracy ◽  
Haemoglobin A1c ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Carbohydrate Counting

IntroductionRecommendations on energy intake are key in body weight management to improve glycaemic control in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). International clinical guidelines recommend a variety of eating patterns to promote energy restriction as the primary dietetic approach to body weight control in managing T2D. In addition, individualised guidance on self-monitoring carbohydrate intake to optimise meal timing and food choices (eg, basic carbohydrate counting (BCC)) is recommended to achieve glycaemic control. However, the evidence for this approach in T2D is limited. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of an educational programme in BCC as add-on to the usual dietary care on glycaemic control in people with T2D.Methods and analysesThe study is designed as a randomised, controlled trial with a parallel-group design. The study duration is 12 months with data collection at baseline, and after 6 and 12 months. We plan to include 226 adults with T2D. Participants will be randomised to one of two interventions: (1) BCC as add-on to usual dietary care or (2) usual dietary care. The primary outcome is changes in glycated haemoglobin A1c or mean amplitude of glycaemic excursions from baseline and after 6-month intervention between and within study groups. Further outcome measures include changes in time in range, body weight and composition, lipid profile, blood pressure, mathematical literacy skills, carbohydrate estimation accuracy, dietary intake, diet-related quality of life, perceived competencies in diet and diabetes and perceptions of an autonomy supportive dietician-led climate, physical activity and urinary biomarkers.Ethics and disseminationThe protocol has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark. Study findings will be disseminated widely through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.Trial registration numberNCT03623139.

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