“Dando las Gracias a Mis Papás”: Analyzing the Enactment of Callings across Generations of Latinx Immigrants

Diverse Backgrounds ◽

Two Generations ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Callings, a prominent way in which communication scholars have spoken about meaningful work, are often used to describe individual pulls towards an occupation. Calling research has also been criticized for lacking participants with diverse backgrounds and occupations. This study addressed these gaps by investigating how Latinx immigrants across two generations made sense of their work as callings. By interviewing Latinx immigrants (N = 36) this study revealed that first- and second-generation immigrants co-constructed integrated callings. Unlike individual callings, integrated callings are tied to a common understanding of how various journeys are connected. Within immigrant families, there was an understanding about the relationship between first-generation immigrants’ migration journeys and second-generation immigrants’ occupational journeys. Across the two generations, work was tied to educational, occupational, and non-occupational outcomes that served to improve the lives of immigrants. The proposed framework, integrated callings, is one that accounts for non-occupational outcomes and the experiences of diverse workers.

The (South) American Dream: Mobility and Economic Outcomes of First- and Second-Generation Immigrants in Nineteenth-Century Argentina

The Journal of Economic History ◽

10.1017/s0022050717000808 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 77 (4) ◽

pp. 971-1006 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Santiago Pérez

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

First Generation ◽

Second Generation ◽

Occupational Status ◽

Economic Outcomes ◽

Mass Migration ◽

European Immigrants ◽

I study the mobility and economic outcomes of European immigrants and their children in nineteenth-century Argentina, the second largest destination country during the Age of Mass Migration. I use new data linking males across censuses and passenger lists of arrivals to Buenos Aires. First-generation immigrants experienced faster occupational upgrading than natives. Occupational mobility was substantial relative to Europe; immigrants holding unskilled occupations upon arrival experienced high rates of occupational upgrading. Second-generation immigrants outperformed the sons of natives in terms of literacy, occupational status and access to property, and experienced higher rates of intergenerational mobility out of unskilled occupations.

Obsessive beliefs and subtypes of obsessive-compulsive symptoms amongst immigrant children and early adolescents

10.21203/rs.3.rs-285168/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Andrea Pozza ◽

Anna Coluccia ◽

Silvia Casale ◽

Donatella Marazziti ◽

Federico Mucci ◽

...

Keyword(s):

First Generation ◽

Second Generation ◽

Immigrant Youth ◽

Early Adolescents ◽

Vulnerability Factors ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Screening Programs ◽

Abstract Background. Vulnerability factors for obsessive-compulsive (OC) features in immigrant youth are under-studied. The migration process can have a highly stressful impact on the psychological wellbeing of the individual and it may represent a precipitating factor for different forms of psychopathology. Little is known about the occurrence of OC traits. Unlike other European countries, immigration to Italy is a recent phenomenon. In community children/early adolescents, this study compared OC general symptoms/subtypes and vulnerability cognitive factors amongst Italian natives, first- and second-generation immigrants, and examined whether such vulnerability factors moderate the relation between immigrant status and OC symptoms/subtypes, beyond socio-demographic/clinical variables. Methods. Two hundred sixty-eight children/early adolescents (99 natives, 82 and 87 first- and second-generation immigrants respectively) completed the Obsessive Belief Questionnaire-Child Version, Obsessive Compulsive Inventory-Child Version, Spence’s Children Anxiety Scale, Children’s Depression Inventory.Results. As compared with the other groups, first-generation immigrants had the highest levels of perfectionism and threat overestimation. Both first- and second-generation immigrants had higher doubting – checking traits than natives. First-generation immigrants with higher threat overestimation showed lower obsessing traits. Conclusions. Community screening programs for OC features should consider immigrant youth as a vulnerable group and, potentially, the target of an early intervention.

What determines the trust of immigrants in criminal justice institutions in Europe?

European Journal of Criminology ◽

10.1177/1477370812447265 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 370-387 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Antje Röder ◽

Peter Mühlau

Keyword(s):

Criminal Justice ◽

First Generation ◽

Country Of Origin ◽

European Social Survey ◽

Social Survey ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

This study examines whether the confidence of immigrants in European countries in criminal justice institutions can be explained by two counteracting processes: expectations formed in the country of origin and discrimination experienced in the residence country. The study draws on the pooled waves of the European Social Survey (2002–8), comparing first- and second-generation immigrants from 66 countries of origin with natives in 21 residence countries. Multi-level regressions are employed to examine the relationship between confidence in institutions and proxy variables for the processes under study. The data strongly support the hypothesis that the high confidence of first-generation immigrants can be explained by frames of reference formed in the country of origin. Some, but limited, support is also found for the impact of discrimination.

Journal of International Migration and Integration / Revue de l integration et de la migration internationale ◽

Educational Assimilation of First-Generation and Second-Generation Immigrants in Germany

10.1007/s12134-021-00863-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Thomas Gries ◽

Margarete Redlin ◽

Moonum Zehra

Keyword(s):

First Generation ◽

Second Generation ◽

Language And Culture ◽

Mena Countries ◽

Education Outcomes ◽

Using Data ◽

Education Gap ◽

AbstractUsing data from the German Socio-Economic Panel for 1984–2018, we analyze the intergenerational education mobility of immigrants in Germany by identifying the determinants of differences in educational stocks for first- and second-generation immigrants in comparison to individuals without a migration background. Our results show that on average, first-generation immigrants have fewer years of schooling than native-born Germans and have a disproportionate share of lower educational qualifications. This gap is strongly driven by age at immigration, with immigration age and education revealing a nonlinear relationship. While the gap is relatively small among individuals who migrate at a young age, integrating in the school system at secondary school age leads to large disadvantages. Examining the educational mobility of immigrants in Germany, we identify an inter-generational catch-up in education. The gap in education between immigrants and natives is reduced for the second generation. Finally, we find that country of origin differences can account for much of the education gap. While immigrants with an ethnic background closer to the German language and culture show the best education outcomes, immigrants from Turkey, Italy, and other southern European countries and especially the group of war refugees from Syria, Afghanistan, Iraq and other MENA countries, have the lowest educational attainment.

Mortality in first- and second-generation immigrants to Sweden diagnosed with type 2 diabetes: a 10 year nationwide cohort study

Diabetologia ◽

10.1007/s00125-020-05279-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

pp. 95-108

Author(s):

Louise Bennet ◽

Ruzan Udumyan ◽

Carl Johan Östgren ◽

Olov Rolandsson ◽

Stefan P. O. Jansson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

First Generation ◽

Second Generation ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Cox Regression Analysis ◽

Incident Cases

Abstract Aims/hypothesis Non-Western immigrants to Europe are at high risk for type 2 diabetes. In this nationwide study including incident cases of type 2 diabetes, the aim was to compare all-cause mortality (ACM) and cause-specific mortality (CSM) rates in first- and second-generation immigrants with native Swedes. Methods People living in Sweden diagnosed with new-onset pharmacologically treated type 2 diabetes between 2006 and 2012 were identified through the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register. They were followed until 31 December 2016 for ACM and until 31 December 2012 for CSM. Analyses were adjusted for age at diagnosis, sex, socioeconomic status, education, treatment and region. Associations were assessed using Cox regression analysis. Results In total, 138,085 individuals were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes between 2006 and 2012 and fulfilled inclusion criteria. Of these, 102,163 (74.0%) were native Swedes, 28,819 (20.9%) were first-generation immigrants and 7103 (5.1%) were second-generation immigrants with either one or both parents born outside Sweden. First-generation immigrants had lower ACM rate (HR 0.80 [95% CI 0.76, 0.84]) compared with native Swedes. The mortality rates were particularly low in people born in non-Western regions (0.46 [0.42, 0.50]; the Middle East, 0.41 [0.36, 0.47]; Asia, 0.53 [0.43, 0.66]; Africa, 0.47 [0.38, 0.59]; and Latin America, 0.53 [0.42, 0.68]). ACM rates decreased with older age at migration and shorter stay in Sweden. Compared with native Swedes, first-generation immigrants with ≤ 24 years in Sweden (0.55 [0.51, 0.60]) displayed lower ACM rates than those spending >24 years in Sweden (0.92 [0.87, 0.97]). Second-generation immigrants did not have better survival rates than native Swedes but rather displayed higher ACM rates for people with both parents born abroad (1.28 [1.05, 1.56]). Conclusions/interpretation In people with type 2 diabetes, the lower mortality rate in first-generation non-Western immigrants compared with native Swedes was reduced over time and was equalised in second-generation immigrants. These findings suggest that acculturation to Western culture may impact ACM and CSM in immigrants with type 2 diabetes but further investigation is needed.

Classroom Heterogeneity, Immigration Background, and Juvenile Delinquency in Switzerland: An Exploratory Study

Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice ◽

10.1177/1043986219883447 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 484-505

Author(s):

Olga Siegmunt ◽

Anastasiia Lukash

Keyword(s):

Juvenile Delinquency ◽

First Generation ◽

Second Generation ◽

Self Report ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Independent Variable ◽

Ninth Grade Students ◽

The Relationship

In this article, we explore the relationship between the heterogeneity of secondary school classes and juvenile delinquency. The heterogeneity of school classes was measured by calculating the Herfindahl index of variety in students’ immigration background. The index was composed of three groups: natives, first-generation immigrants, and second-generation immigrants. Involvement in 13 forms of juvenile delinquency, committed during the last 12 months, was our independent variable. The offenses were grouped into minor, violent, and property offenses. The data analyzed the national class-based sample of seventh-, eighth-, and ninth-grade students in Switzerland ( n = 4,158) and were collected in 2013 within the framework of the Third International Self-Report Delinquency Study (ISRD3). In general, it was found that juveniles are more likely to commit offenses when they attend school classes with higher heterogeneity, regardless of the nature of the heterogeneity (i.e., mixture of natives, first-generation immigrants, or second-generation immigrants). Within the bivariate analysis, the heterogeneity of school classes relates significantly to involvement in graffiti, vandalism, shoplifting, group fight, robbery, burglary, bicycle theft, vehicle theft, and personal theft. After statistically controlling for gender and school grade, effects of class heterogeneity persist for selected offenses.

MASCULINITY AND IDENTITY IN ZADIE SMITH’S WHITE TEETH

10.12783/dtssehs/ehla2021/35683 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

XIAO-TAO WANG

Keyword(s):

First Generation ◽

Second Generation ◽

The Novel ◽

Negative Image ◽

British Identity ◽

Zadie Smith ◽

The Relationship ◽

White Teeth

In White Teeth, Zadie Smith portrays the lives of three immigrant families in Britain in the late half of twentieth century. Besides the generally celebrated theme of multiculturalism, this article argues that the novel is an exploration of the relationship between the identity of the second-generation immigrants and their fathers’ masculinity. The lack of masculinity in the fathers among the first-generation immigrants makes the second-generation immigrants cannot construct their British identity, they have to turn to other fatherly fingers for financial and social capital. Through the portrait of masculinity, the author expresses her concern of the racial discrimination against the immigrants and the importance of first-generation immigrants’ masculinity. But on the other hand, the novel’s portrait of men without masculinity intensified the stereotyped negative image of immigrants.

One person, three identities? Examining re-politicization of ethnic, national, and Australian identities among 1.5-generation Taiwanese immigrants in Australia

Journal of Sociology ◽

10.1177/1440783320934157 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 144078332093415

Author(s):

Yao-Tai Li

Keyword(s):

First Generation ◽

Second Generation ◽

Identity Negotiation ◽

Generation 1.5 ◽

The Political ◽

Host Society ◽

1.5 Generation ◽

Ethnic Chinese ◽

Immigrants of the 1.5-generation (1.5-ers) differ from first- and second-generation immigrants because they are generally better immersed in the culture of the host society than the first generation; yet, compared to the second generation, they often have to renegotiate their identities in relation to parents, colleagues at work, and people in the host society during the processes of migration. Drawing on interview data from Taiwanese 1.5-ers in Australia, this article takes a further step and points out that in addition to the identity struggle between home and host country, Taiwanese 1.5-ers also identify as ethnic Chinese (Huaren) and constantly negotiate between these three identities (Huaren, Taiwanese, and Australian). This article argues that identity negotiation and hybridization is in nature a re-politicization process in which respondents are fully aware of the political meanings and power disparities of each identity. It is also a process whereby Taiwanese 1.5-ers mobilize, downplay, and hybridize specific identities based on time and context.

First-generation immigrants feel socially excluded and have greater pro-violence attitudes than the native population in England and Wales

Journal of Aggression Conflict and Peace Research ◽

10.1108/jacpr-08-2014-0134 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 46-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Laura Bui ◽

David P Farrington

Keyword(s):

First Generation ◽

Second Generation ◽

Generational Status ◽

Native Population ◽

Content Type ◽

Negative Perceptions ◽

Socially Excluded ◽

Violence Attitudes

Purpose – Studies examining immigrant generational status and violence have supported differences in the prevalence of violence between these groups. The purpose of this paper is to measure relevant risk factors for violence to focus on whether negative perceptions may contribute to understanding the between-generations differences in violence. Based on the literature, it is theorised that pro-violence attitudes would be related to and be higher in second-generation immigrants than first-generation immigrants, and that negative perceptions would mediate the relationship between pro-violence attitudes and violence. Design/methodology/approach – Data to answer the study’s key questions were taken from the 2010-2011 UK citizenship survey, where only the main sample was analysed. Findings – The findings reveal that first-generation immigrants have a higher prevalence of pro-violence attitudes than the native population. Originality/value – This suggests that there is an intergenerational transmission in violent attitudes, and this is a risk factor for actual violence in second-generation immigrants.

Mapping the Psychological Landscape of the Two Generations of Indian Diaspora in US through the Works of Jhumpa Lahiri

International Journal of Language Translation and Intercultural Communication ◽

10.12681/ijltic.45 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

Author(s):

Jagtar Kaur Chawla ◽

Nidhi Nema

Keyword(s):

First Generation ◽

Second Generation ◽

Indian Diaspora ◽

Indian Origin ◽

Two Generations ◽

Jhumpa Lahiri ◽

Displacement Theory ◽

The Given ◽

Hyphenated Identity

Every diasporic study or displacement theory inadvertently leads through an analysis and understanding of its governing forces viz socio-economic factors, culture, milieu etc. so as to arrive at any recognizable pattern of the given diasporic consciousness.The first generation Indian diasporic sensibilities, governed majorly by the strong undercurrents of culture and traditions, stick to the natal bonds and cultural identity in foreign lands. These culture-preservation efforts are tested and challenged on several fronts externally. Ironically, the biggest threat is posed by internal agents, the second generation, who being culturally hybridized, find themselves torn between two sensibilities. Intrinsically attached to the American mainstream, they take only peripheral interest in reinforcing the ties with their roots.The novels of the internationally acclaimed writer of the Indian origin, Jhumpa Lahiri, traverse through the psychological landscape of the first and second generation Indian immigrants in USA mapping significantly the boundaries and distances between the both. This study makes an attempt to look through Lahiri’s works at the paradigm shift between the two generations, the first generation with its ‘living within the walls’ approach and second generation with its unfixed values. The paper also analyzes the set of ‘C’s- conflicts, clashes, complexities and compromises, with a view to present the dialectics or the process of thesis, antithesis and synthesis involved in the Indian diasporic reality.Key Words- Acculturation, Deculturation, Hyphenated Identity, Hybridization, Paradox of Otherness, Breaking the Stereotypes