Risk of Repeated Admissions for Respiratory Syncytial Virus in a Cohort of >10 000 Hospitalized Children

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry Wong ◽  
Joan L Robinson ◽  
Michael T Hawkes
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Hospitalization Rate ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Discharge Abstract Database ◽  
Initial Hospital ◽  
Retrospective Database Analysis ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Initial Hospitalization ◽  
Retrospective Database

Abstract Background The objective was to describe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) hospitalizations in Alberta, Canada over a 13-year period with an emphasis on the incidence and risk factors for repeat hospitalizations attributable to new RSV infections. Methods This was a retrospective database analysis. The Alberta Health Services Discharge Abstract Database was searched for patients <5 years of age admitted to any hospital with a primary diagnosis of RSV from July 1, 2004 through June 30, 2017. Clinical characteristics were compared for children with repeat RSV admission during the same RSV season (but >30 days apart so presumably due to separate infections) compared with all other children with RSV admissions. Results During the study period, 10 212 children had 10 967 RSV admissions. The RSV hospitalization rate was 1.6%. A total of 666 children (6.5%) were readmitted for RSV at least once during the study period, of whom 433 (4.2%) were readmitted within 30 days of the initial hospital discharge. There were 36 children (0.35%) with 2 RSV admissions >30 days apart during the same RSV season. When compared to all other children with RSV admissions, they were more likely to have congenital heart disease or to have been diagnosed with RSV pneumonia (vs bronchiolitis or upper respiratory tract infection) during their initial hospitalization. Conclusions The RSV hospitalization rate in children <5 years of age was 1.6%. Repeat RSV infections requiring readmission during the same RSV season occurred following only 0.35% of RSV hospitalizations.

Respiratory viruses

2011 ◽  
pp. 208-211
Author(s):  
Dr Mark Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Common Cold ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
The Common ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Tract Infections

15.1 Rhinovirus, 209 15.2 Influenza, 210 15.3 Parainfluenza, 211 15.4 Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), 211 • There are more than 100 different serotypes of rhinovirus. • Rhinovirus is chiefly limited to upper respiratory tract infections and is the major cause of the common cold....

scholarly journals Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria in an Adult with Respiratory Syncytial Virus

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Leibrandt ◽  
Kenneth Angelino ◽  
Monique Vizel-Schwartz ◽  
Ilan Shapira
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Rare Entity ◽  
Rare Form ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Tertiary Syphilis ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria

Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (PCH) is a rare form of cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia first discovered in the early 20th century in adults with tertiary syphilis. Today, it is more commonly seen in children as a life-threatening anemia during a viral upper respiratory tract infection (URI). Although respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has previously been reported to cause PCH in a child, herein we present the first documented case in an adult. The Donath–Landsteiner (DL) test, the diagnostic test for PCH, was positive on two separate occasions. The patient was treated successfully with warming and avoidance of cold temperatures. To facilitate identification of this rare entity by clinicians, we include a discussion about the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of PCH.

scholarly journals CD4+ T-Cell-Mediated Antiviral Protection of the Upper Respiratory Tract in BALB/c Mice following Parenteral Immunization with a Recombinant Respiratory Syncytial Virus G Protein Fragment

2000 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 3455-3463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène Plotnicky-Gilquin ◽  
Alain Robert ◽  
Laurent Chevalet ◽  
Jean-Francois Haeuw ◽  
Alain Beck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Adoptive Transfer ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Protein Fragment ◽  
Parenteral Immunization ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Syncytial Virus

ABSTRACT We analyzed the protective mechanisms induced against respiratory syncytial virus subgroup A (RSV-A) infection in the lower and upper respiratory tracts (LRT and URT) of BALB/c mice after intraperitoneal immunization with a recombinant fusion protein incorporating residues 130 to 230 of RSV-A G protein (BBG2Na). Mother-to-offspring antibody (Ab) transfer and adoptive transfer of BBG2Na-primed B cells into SCID mice demonstrated that Abs are important for LRT protection but have no effect on URT infection. In contrast, RSV-A clearance in the URT was achieved in a dose-dependent fashion after adoptive transfer of BBG2Na-primed T cells, while it was abolished in BBG2Na-immunized mice upon in vivo depletion of CD4+, but not CD8+, T cells. Furthermore, the conserved RSV-A G protein cysteines and residues 193 and 194, overlapping the recently identified T helper cell epitope on the G protein (P. W. Tebbey et al., J. Exp. Med. 188:1967–1972, 1998), were found to be essential for URT but not LRT protection. Taken together, these results demonstrate for the first time that CD4+ T cells induced upon parenteral immunization with an RSV G protein fragment play a critical role in URT protection of normal mice against RSV infection.

scholarly journals MTOR Kinase is a Therapeutic Target for Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Coronaviruses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
HoangDinh Huynh ◽  
Ruth Levitz ◽  
Jeffrey Kahn
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Protein Production ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Respiratory Pathogen ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Abstract Therapeutic interventions targeting viral infections remain a significant challenge for both the medical and scientific communities. While specific antiviral agents have shown success as therapeutics, viral resistance inevitably develops making many of these approaches ineffective. This inescapable obstacle warrants alternative approaches, such as targeting host cellular factors. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), the major respiratory pathogen of infants and children worldwide, causes respiratory tract infection ranging from mild upper respiratory tract symptoms to severe life-threatening lower respiratory tract disease. Despite the fact that the molecular biology of the virus, which was originally discovered in 1956, is well described, there is no vaccine or effective antiviral treatment against RSV infection. Here, we demonstrate that targeting host factors, specifically, mTOR signaling, limits RSV protein production and viral replication. Further, we show that this approach is generalizable as inhibition of mTOR kinases reduces coronavirus gene expression, protein production and replication. Overall, defining virus replication-dependent host functions may be an effective means to combat viral infections, particular in the absence of antiviral drugs.

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