The mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase OsALDH2b negatively regulates tapetum degeneration in rice

Abstract Timely degradation of anther tapetal cells is a prerequisite for normal pollen development in flowering plants. Although several genes involved in tapetum development have been identified, the molecular basis of tapetum degeneration regulation remains poorly understood. In this study, we identified and characterized the nucleus-encoded, conserved mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase OsALDH2b as a key regulator of tapetum degeneration in rice (Oryza sativa). OsALDH2b was highly expressed in anthers from meiosis to the early microspore stage. Mutation of OsALDH2b resulted in excess malonaldehyde accumulation and earlier programmed cell death in the tapetum, leading to premature tapetum degeneration and abnormal microspore development. These results demonstrate that OsALDH2b negatively regulates tapetal programmed cell death and is required for male reproductive development, providing insights into the regulation of tapetum development in plants.

Download Full-text

Molecular basis of disregulation of programmed lymphocytes’ death in chronic viral infection

Bulletin of Siberian Medicine ◽

10.20538/1682-0363-2006-2-23-34 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 23-34

Author(s):

V. V. Novitsky ◽

N. V. Ryazantseva ◽

O. B. Zhoukova

Keyword(s):

Cell Death ◽

Programmed Cell Death ◽

Viral Infection ◽

Immune Cells ◽

Molecular Basis ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Recent Literature ◽

Chronic Viral Infection ◽

Persistent Viruses

The review analyses information from recent literature and results of the authors’ own investigations concerning imbalance of programmed cell death in forming chronic viral infection. Molecular mechanisms of apoptosis modulation of immune cells by persistent viruses are discussed in the article.

Download Full-text

Programmed Cell Death in Plants: Insights Into developmental and Stress-Induced Cell Death

Current Protein and Peptide Science ◽

10.2174/1389203722666211109102209 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

Author(s):

Heba T. Ebeed ◽

Ahmed A. El-helely

Keyword(s):

Cell Death ◽

Programmed Cell Death ◽

Plant Development ◽

Molecular Basis ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Similar Form ◽

Cellular Homeostasis ◽

Endogenous Factors ◽

Selective Elimination

: Programmed cell death (PCD) is a fundamental genetically controlled process in most organisms. PCD is responsible for the selective elimination of damaged or unwanted cells and organs to maintain cellular homeostasis during the organ’s development under normal conditions as well as during defense or adaptation to stressful conditions. PCD pathways have been extensively studied in animals. In plants, studies focusing on understanding the pathways of PCD have advanced significantly. However, the knowledge about the molecular basis of PCD is still very limited. Some PCD pathways that have been discovered in animals are not present in plants or found with a similar form. PCD in plants is developmentally controlled (by endogenous factors) to function in organ development and differentiations as well as environmentally induced (by exogenous stimuli) to help the plant in surviving under stress conditions. Here, we present a review of the role of PCD in plant development and explore different examples of stress-induced PCD as well as highlight the main differences between the plant and animal PCD.

Download Full-text

Lysigenous aerenchyma formation involves non-apoptotic programmed cell death in rice (Oryza sativa L.) roots

Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants ◽

10.1007/s12298-011-0093-3 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Rohit Joshi ◽

Pramod Kumar

Keyword(s):

Cell Death ◽

Oryza Sativa ◽

Programmed Cell Death ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Aerenchyma Formation

Download Full-text

Transcriptional Regulation and Signaling of Developmental Programmed Cell Death in Plants

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.702928 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Cheng Jiang ◽

Jiawei Wang ◽

Hua-Ni Leng ◽

Xiaqin Wang ◽

Yijing Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Death ◽

Transcriptional Regulation ◽

Programmed Cell Death ◽

Industrial Production ◽

Recent Progress ◽

Reproductive Development ◽

Genetic Networks ◽

Molecular Regulation ◽

Molecular Networks ◽

Plant Growth And Development

Developmental programmed cell death (dPCD) has multiple functions in plant growth and development, and is of great value for industrial production. Among them, wood formed by xylem dPCD is one of the most widely used natural materials. Therefore, it is crucial to explore the molecular mechanism of plant dPCD. The dPCD process is tightly regulated by genetic networks and is involved in the transduction of signaling molecules. Several key regulators have been identified in diverse organisms and individual PCD events. However, complex molecular networks controlling plant dPCD remain highly elusive, and the original triggers of this process are still unknown. This review summarizes the recent progress on the transcriptional regulation and signaling of dPCD during vegetative and reproductive development. It is hoped that this review will provide an overall view of the molecular regulation of dPCD in different developmental processes in plants and identify specific mechanisms for regulating these dPCD events. In addition, the application of plants in industrial production can be improved by manipulating dPCD in specific processes, such as xylogenesis.

Download Full-text

Immunolocalization of Lipoxygenase in the Anther Wall Cells of Lathyrus undulatus Boiss. during Programmed Cell Death

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha3915865 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 71 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Filiz VARDAR ◽

Meral ÜNAL

Keyword(s):

Cell Death ◽

Programmed Cell Death ◽

Close Relation ◽

Ultrastructural Changes ◽

Cell Organelle ◽

Anther Wall ◽

Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Membrane Degradation ◽

Tapetal Cells ◽

Pollen Stage

Lipoxygenase catalyzes oxygenation of long chain fatty acids to hydroperoxides and is involved in the degradation of membranes occuring in some types of programmed cell death (PCD). The localization of lipoxygenase in the anther wall layers of L. undulatus during cellular degradation was analyzed by immunogold labeling technique at young and vacuolated pollen stage, due to the close relation between lipoxygenase activity and membrane degradation in programmed cell death. Immunoreaction to lipoxygenase was monitored slightly at young pollen stage in the anther wall cells. As programmed cell death signals progress, lipoxygenase revealed in anther wall cells intensely. At vacuolated pollen stage tapetal cells came forward with ultrastructural changes such as cell, organelle and membrane disintegration. At the indicated stage immunogold particles indicating sites of LOX PAb-binding epitopes were located in the nucleus (chromatin was condensed and lined at the periphery), cytoplasm and close to long dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) cisterna. In conclusion lipoxygenase increase which has a role in the membrane degeneration, possibly induced the collapse of tonoplast, nuclear and plasma membrane and triggered programmed cell death in the tapetal cells of L. undulatus as well as the other wall cells.

Download Full-text

OsGPAT3 Plays a Critical Role in Anther Wall Programmed Cell Death and Pollen Development in Rice

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms19124017 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (12) ◽

pp. 4017 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Lianping Sun ◽

Xiaojiao Xiang ◽

Zhengfu Yang ◽

Ping Yu ◽

Xiaoxia Wen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Death ◽

Programmed Cell Death ◽

Male Sterility ◽

Critical Role ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Reproductive Development ◽

Anther Wall ◽

Nutrient Metabolism ◽

Pollen Maturation ◽

Pollen Formation

In flowering plants, ideal male reproductive development requires the systematic coordination of various processes, in which timely differentiation and degradation of the anther wall, especially the tapetum, is essential for both pollen formation and anther dehiscence. Here, we show that OsGPAT3, a conserved glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase gene, plays a critical role in regulating anther wall degradation and pollen exine formation. The gpat3-2 mutant had defective synthesis of Ubisch bodies, delayed programmed cell death (PCD) of the inner three anther layers, and abnormal degradation of micropores/pollen grains, resulting in failure of pollen maturation and complete male sterility. Complementation and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated 9 (Cas9) experiments demonstrated that OsGPAT3 is responsible for the male sterility phenotype. Furthermore, the expression level of tapetal PCD-related and nutrient metabolism-related genes changed significantly in the gpat3-2 anthers. Based on these genetic and cytological analyses, OsGPAT3 is proposed to coordinate the differentiation and degradation of the anther wall and pollen grains in addition to regulating lipid biosynthesis. This study provides insights for understanding the function of GPATs in regulating rice male reproductive development, and also lays a theoretical basis for hybrid rice breeding.

Download Full-text

Chromosome Instabilities and Programmed Cell Death in Tapetal Cells of Maize With B Chromosomes and Effects on Pollen Viability

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/166.2.999 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 166 (2) ◽

pp. 999-1009 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mónica González-Sánchez ◽

Marcela Rosato ◽

Mauricio Chiavarino ◽

María J Puertas

Keyword(s):

Cell Death ◽

Programmed Cell Death ◽

Transmission Rate ◽

Pollen Viability ◽

Chromosome Instability ◽

B Chromosomes ◽

F1 Hybrids ◽

Pollen Abortion ◽

Micronucleus Formation ◽

Tapetal Cells

Abstract B chromosomes (B’s), knobbed chromosomes, and chromosome 6 (NOR) of maize undergo nondisjunction and micronucleus formation in binucleate tapetal cells. These chromosome instabilities are regular events in the program of tapetal cell death, but the B’s strongly increase A chromosome instability. We studied 1B and 0B plants belonging to selected lines for high or low B transmission rate and their F1 hybrids. These lines are characterized by meiotic conservation or loss of B chromosomes, respectively. The female B transmission (fBtl) allele(s) for low B transmission is dominant, inducing micronucleus formation and B nondisjunction. We hypothesize that the fBtl allele(s) induces knob instability. This instability would be sufficient to produce B loss in both meiocytes and binucleate tapetal cells. B instability could, in turn, produce instabilities in all chromosomes of maize complement. To establish whether the chromosomal instabilities are related to the tapetal programmed cell death (PCD) process, we applied the TUNEL technique. PCD, estimated as the frequency of binucleate tapetal cells with TUNEL label, was significantly correlated with the formation of micronuclei and the frequency of pollen abortion. It can be concluded that the observed chromosome instabilities are important to the PCD process and to the development of microspores to form viable pollen grains.

Download Full-text