Part IV Power Politics, International Law, and Global Security, Ch.48 The Global South and the Law and Governance of Global Security: Towards a Scholarship on the Global Ecology of Insecurities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodiles Alejandro
Keyword(s):  
International Security ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Global South ◽  
The South ◽  
Major Power ◽  
Global Security ◽  
Power Politics ◽  
Regional Leadership ◽  
The Law

This chapter examines the role of the Global South in international security. In a constantly changing global political environment, certain States from the South occupy a pivotal position when it comes to addressing specific security crises, be it due to their regional leadership or because they are otherwise regarded as indispensable brokers in highly complex political and cultural constellations. In terms of insecurity, the South is no longer primarily regarded as a bloody theatre of major power confrontation, but as a source of insecurity in and of itself. The chapter then considers some of the evolving contours of the law and governance of global security. There is a growing reliance on ad hoc arrangements that contribute to the decentralization and deformalization of the classical international security architecture centred on treaties and international institutions. Also, the merger of security and development is undergoing profound transformations, as shown by the ongoing United Nations peacebuilding review, and by dynamically evolving practices on counter-terrorism focused on resilience-building in communities and amongst ordinary people. Paradoxically, while these practices are, to a great extent, driven by the growing agency of the South, their consequences seem to partly curtail this agency. Finally, the chapter refers to studies that trace the trajectories of globally informed and locally applied security practices, paying attention to the aforementioned paradox.

scholarly journals PERAN KONVENSI HUKUM LAUT INTERNASIONAL PBB 1982 DAN INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION (IMO) BAGI KESELAMATAN DAN KEAMANAN ANAK BUAH KAPAL (ABK) SELAMA BERLAYAR DALAM PELAYARAN INTERNASIONAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-178
Author(s):  
Piseth Chann
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
International Management ◽  
International Maritime Organization ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
United Nations Convention ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRAKEksploitasi terhadap tenaga kerja di laut lepas, khususnya ABK, masih sering terjadi. Meskipun tidak diatur secara spesifik, keselamatan dan keamanan ABK dapat dikaitkan dengan KHL PBB 1982, Pasal 94. Tujuan dari kajian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan keterkaitan Pasal 94 KHL dengan perlindungan terhadap ABK, peran IMO terhadap keselamatan dan keamanan ABK, dan kerja sama antara IMO dan ILO dalam menangani masalah eksploitasi sumber daya manusia dalam pelayaran internasional. Dari kajian ini dapat dijelaskan bahwa dalam KHL PBB 1982, Pasal 94 Ayat 2 (b) dan 3 (b) terdapat kewajiban yang dibebankan kepada Negara Bendera untuk ikut bertanggung jawab jika ABK mendapatkan suatu masalah. Sementara itu, sebagai agen khusus PBB, IMO telah mengadopsi satu Kode Manajemen Internasional dengan tujuan untuk memastikan keselamatan manusia dan menghindari kerusakan lingkungan laut. IMO, ILO dan Ad Hoc juga membentuk kerja sama tripartit untuk mengatur hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan ketenagakerjaan di laut. Kata Kunci: anak buah kapal; IMO; ILO; keselamatan dan keamanan ABSTRACTExploitation of workers on the high seas, especially the ship's crew, is still common. Although not specifically regulated, the safety and security of the ship's crew can be linked to the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), Article 94. The purpose of this study is to explain the relationship between Article 94 UNCLOS and the protection of ship's crew, the role of International Maritime Organization (IMO) in the safety and security of ship's crew, and cooperation between IMO and ILO in dealing with the problem of exploitation of human resources in international shipping. From this study, it can be explained that in the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Article 94 Paragraphs 2 (b) and 3 (b) there was an obligation imposed on the Flag State to take responsibility if the ship's crew had a problem. Meanwhile, as a UN special agent, IMO has adopted an International Management Code to ensure human safety and avoid damage to the marine environment. IMO, ILO and Ad Hoc also formed tripartite cooperation to regulate matters related to employment at sea.Keywords: ILO; IMO; security and safety; ship's crew

scholarly journals La política brasileña de ciberseguridad como estrategia de liderazgo regional/The brazilian cybersecurity policy as a strategy of regional leadership

2017 ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Luísa Cruz Lobato
Keyword(s):  
Soft Power ◽  
International Security ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Global South ◽  
International Norms ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Internet Governance ◽  
Regional Leadership

El artículo analiza la estructuración de la política de ciberseguridad de Brasil entre los años de 2003 y 2016 como componente de su estrategia de inserción internacional y proyección de liderazgo en el Sul Global. El campo de la gobernanza de la Internet, de lo cual la ciberseguridad es parte, ofrece al país una oportunidad de relativo bajo costo de protagonismo en la elaboración de normas internacionales. Analizase documentos principales de esa política y argumentase que ella es parte de los esfuerzos de proyección del soft power del país en el campo de la seguridad internacional, pero que sus incoherencias pueden afectar y hasta mismo comprometer esta estrategia. Por fin, trazase breves proyecciones para esta política ante los cambios políticos en Brasil.AbstractThe article analyzes the structuration of Brazil’s cybersecurity policy between the years of 2003 and 2016 as a component of its strategy of international insertion and projection of leadership in the Global South. The Internet governance field, of which cybersecurity is a part, offers the country a relatively low-cost opportunity of protagonism in the elaboration of international norms. It analyzes cornerstone documents of this policy and argues that it is a part of the country’s efforts to project its soft power in the field of international security, but that its incoherencies can affect and even compromise the strategy. Finally, it draws brief projections to this policy in face of political changes in Brazil. 

scholarly journals Unpacking the Law and Practice Relating to Parole in South Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 204
Author(s):  
Jamil D Mujuz
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
The South ◽  
Early Release ◽  
Correctional Services ◽  
The Law ◽  
Parole System

The possibility of the early release of offenders on parole is meant to act inter alia as an incentive to ensure that prisoners behave meritoriously while serving their sentences. The South African Correctional Services Act No.111 of 1998 deals with the release of offenders on parole. This article discusses the jurisprudence emanating from South African courts dealing with various aspects of parole. In particular, the article deals with the following issues: parole as a privilege; the role of the executive and the legislature in the parole system; the period to be served before an offender is paroled; the stipulated non-parole period; and the courts’ intervention in releasing prisoners on parole.

scholarly journals Greening the Judiciary

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
M Kidd
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Environmental Context ◽  
Correct Interpretation ◽  
The South ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Law

This note considers the performance of the South African courts in deciding environmental cases and suggests that, notwithstanding some good decisions, there are still too many decisions where the courts are not applying relevant legislative provisions or misinterpreting the law. It is suggested that the future acceptable performance of the courts not only rests on correct interpretation and application of the legislation, but also increased familiarity by judges with the technical environmental context within which the cases are situated. The role of legal practitioners in achieving this is also highlighted.

Environmental Leadership in Developing Countries: Transnational Relations and Biodiversity Policy in Costa Rica and Bolivia. By Paul F. Steinberg. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2001. 280p. $65.00 cloth, $24.95 paper.

2002 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 868-869
Author(s):  
Pamela Stricker
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Global South ◽  
The South ◽  
Environmental Leadership ◽  
Transnational Relations ◽  
The North ◽  
Management Concepts ◽  
Biodiversity Policy

Much of the literature on environmental policymaking in the Global South focuses on the role of transnational linkages, wherein ideas regarding environmental management are transplanted by intergovernmental organizations and nongovernmental organizations in the North to governments in the South. The perception that environmental management concepts are primarily transferred in this way stems in part from the resonance that Ronald Inglehart's work on postmaterialist societies and environmental activism has had on the field, as well as a paucity of studies examining the dynamics of the domestic political players in the creation of natural resource management policies in the South. Paul Steinberg's work, Environmental Leadership in Developing Countries, addresses this particular puzzle and takes on the too-oft accepted notion that domestic policy entrepreneurs play a small supporting role at best in bringing about environmental policies in the Global South.

Part IV Power Politics, International Law, and Global Security, Ch.46 China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cai Congyan
Keyword(s):  
International Security ◽  
First Century ◽  
Global Security ◽  
Power Politics ◽  
Peacekeeping Operations ◽  
International Legal Order ◽  
Rise Of China ◽  
Rising China ◽  
The Rise Of China ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter discusses the relationship between China and global security. Since the 1980s, the landscape of global security has transformed and, accordingly, China has redefined its concept of security, first contending that the risk of global confrontation and, in particular, military threats to China had significantly reduced in the 1980s and, secondly, by proposing the New Security Concept in the 1990s. Moreover, China was welcomed internationally for its increasing contribution to international security by participating in United Nations peacekeeping operations. In the second decade of the twenty-first century, however, a number of events have occurred which have adversely affected global security. Ultimately, the question of how to deal with global security concerns that stem from the rise of China is part of a far-reaching process on how a rising China treats, and is treated in, the international legal order. As such, the chapter addresses the following issues: What is the international security landscape in relation to a rising China? How has China transformed its traditional conception of sovereignty in order to engage with international security? Should any new legal regulations be considered to address security threats in relation to a rising China? Should legal means exclusively be relied on to address international security?

scholarly journals Ameryka Łacińska w polityce zagranicznej Brazylii – niedokończony projekt przywództwa regionalnego

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (55) ◽  
pp. 425-439
Author(s):  
Anita Oberda Monkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Latin America ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Regional Leadership

The purpose of the article is to discuss the place and role of Latin America in Brazil’s foreign policy. The article leads to the conclusion that, starting from the 1990s, Latin America, a region that was marginalized for many years, gained an important place in Brazilian policy. The construction of the South American community has become an instrument of strengthening regional leadership, although due to the lack of a coherent strategy towards the direct neighbourhood, it proved to be short-lived.

Super-Power Politics in Iron II and the Role of Vassal States

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor H. Matthews
Keyword(s):  
State Formation ◽  
Settlement Patterns ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
The South ◽  
Power Politics ◽  
Biblical Narrative ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Ancient Economy ◽  
The North

This chapter focuses attention on the division of David’s and Solomon’s kingdom into two separate states: Israel in the north and Judah in the south. The aftermath of that event and the subsequent interaction with both comparable states in Transjordan and the international super powers are chronicled both in the biblical narrative and in inscriptional evidence from these political rivals. Of particular importance is how these two minor political entities responded to their forced role as vassal states. Archaeological evidence of the Iron II period also provides a great deal more information on settlement patterns, various aspects of state formation, and the development of new technologies that energize the ancient economy.

Part IV Power Politics, International Law, and Global Security, Ch.47 Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Methymaki Eleni ◽  
Ozcelik Asli
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
National Security ◽  
North Atlantic Treaty Organization ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Security ◽  
Global Security ◽  
Power Politics ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic

This chapter discusses the role of Europe as an actor of global (in)security. The place of Europe in the global security landscape is often analysed with a focus on the European Union or the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, or both. But European States’ security approaches are not subsumed under the policies and politics of these organizations. The chapter looks at the National Security Strategies (NSSs) of nineteen European States to identify the security approaches of European States’ from their national perspectives, inquiring at the same time whether an embryonic ‘European’ security perspective emerges from them. To evaluate whether this is borne out in practice, the chapter then considers two spheres of securitization which, as evident from the NSSs, are perceived as essential to the maintenance of Europe itself: security at its borders and in its wider neighbourhood.

scholarly journals The “Law” of Uneven and Combined Development: Part 2

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 301-335
Author(s):  
Neil Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Third World ◽  
Global South ◽  
Uneven Development ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Third ◽  
Uneven And Combined Development ◽  
Permanent Revolution ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Third World

The article begins by reconstructing the theory of uneven and combined development from Trotsky’s own writings in relation to Russia. It then looks more closely at the notion of the “modern” which in Trotsky’s account combines with the “archaic” or “backward,” before arguing that role of modernity suggests that uneven and combined development has been a far more widespread process than solely in the Third World/Global South. Drawing attention first to the English exception, the article then surveys examples from both West and East before concluding with an assessment of the relative durability of both permanent revolution and uneven development in the twenty-first century.

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