Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Philip C. Kendall
Keyword(s):  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Empirically Supported Treatment ◽  
Processing Error ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Individual

Do research findings apply to an individual case? Although the answer is yes, we are tempted to think that an individual case, for whatever reason, is somehow an exception (we fall prey to a cognitive processing error). We can be flexible when applying an empirically supported treatment (EST). Research findings typically carry more weight than the “features” of the individual. Take the client’s features into account and apply the known-to-be-effective treatment with flexibility... flexibility within fidelity.

scholarly journals MRI demyelination pattern and clinical course in a child with cerebral X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD)

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 204798161557365
Author(s):  
Johannes Nowak ◽  
Ulrike Löbel ◽  
Matthias Wölfl ◽  
Paul-Gerhardt Schlegel ◽  
Monika Warmuth-Metz
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Markers ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Individual

The clinical spectrum in boys with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) ranges from isolated adrenocortical insufficiency and slowly progressive myelopathy to devastating cerebral demyelination. In the individual case, the disease course still remains unpredictable. Research findings suggest an important role of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesion patterns as prognostic markers for X-ALD. Hence, familiarity with imaging features of childhood X-ALD in combination with clinical manifestation is required in order to stratify affected patients for therapy. We report on MRI findings and clinical course of cerebral X-ALD in a young boy with a rare subtype of white matter demyelination.

Shoulder Pain at Work: Causation Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Joel Weddington ◽  
Charles N. Brooks ◽  
Mark Melhorn ◽  
Christopher R. Brigham
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Shoulder Injury ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Causation Analysis ◽  
Injury Causation ◽  
Relevant Factors

Abstract In most cases of shoulder injury at work, causation analysis is not clear-cut and requires detailed, thoughtful, and time-consuming causation analysis; traditionally, physicians have approached this in a cursory manner, often presenting their findings as an opinion. An established method of causation analysis using six steps is outlined in the American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine Guidelines and in the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Disease and Injury Causation, Second Edition, as follows: 1) collect evidence of disease; 2) collect epidemiological data; 3) collect evidence of exposure; 4) collect other relevant factors; 5) evaluate the validity of the evidence; and 6) write a report with evaluation and conclusions. Evaluators also should recognize that thresholds for causation vary by state and are based on specific statutes or case law. Three cases illustrate evidence-based causation analysis using the six steps and illustrate how examiners can form well-founded opinions about whether a given condition is work related, nonoccupational, or some combination of these. An evaluator's causal conclusions should be rational, should be consistent with the facts of the individual case and medical literature, and should cite pertinent references. The opinion should be stated “to a reasonable degree of medical probability,” on a “more-probable-than-not” basis, or using a suitable phrase that meets the legal threshold in the applicable jurisdiction.

scholarly journals New Developments in Emotion-Focused Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2918
Author(s):  
Ben Shahar
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Skill Learning ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Empirically Supported Treatment ◽  
Emotion Focused Therapy ◽  
Empirically Supported

Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a highly complex, chronic, disabling and costly anxiety disorder. Although cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is effective for many patients, many others do not respond to CBT or remain considerably symptomatic at the end of treatment. Pharmacological effects are also modest. More empirically-supported treatment options are needed in order to increase patient access to effective treatment. Emotion-focused therapy (EFT) shows great promise in treating SAD effectively and is particularly suitable for treating SAD because pervasive emotional avoidance, difficulties with emotional differentiation, and high levels of self-criticism, which are central psychopathological processes in SAD, are also primary therapeutic targets in EFT. EFT is based on the assumption that the most efficient way to change a maladaptive emotion is not through reason or skill learning, but through the activation of other, more adaptive emotions. EFT aims to access shame-based emotional memories that underlie SAD, and transform them by exposing them to new adaptive emotional experiences, such as empowering assertive anger, grief, and self-compassion. In this paper, the core features of EFT for SAD are presented, as well as the EFT view of dysfunction in SAD and EFT change processes. Research findings regarding the effectiveness of EFT for SAD are presented together with initial findings regarding mechanisms of change occurring during treatment.

Judicial Lawmaking, Discourse Theory, and the ICTY on Belligerent Reprisals

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1261-1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Kuhli ◽  
Klaus Günther
Keyword(s):  
International Criminal Court ◽  
International Criminal ◽  
International Criminal Tribunal ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Criminal Court ◽  
Discourse Theory ◽  
Criminal Courts ◽  
Normative Expectations ◽  
Judicial Lawmaking ◽  
The Individual

Without presenting a full definition, it can be said that the notion of judicial lawmaking implies the idea that courts create normative expectations beyond the individual case. That is, our question is whether courts' normative declarations have an effect which is abstract and general. Our purpose here is to ask about judicial lawmaking in this sense with respect to international criminal courts and tribunals. In particular, we will focus on the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY). No other international criminal court or tribunal has issued so many judgments as the ICTY, so it seems a particularly useful focus for examining the creation of normative expectations.

Assessing the validity of NART-estimated premorbid IQs in the individual case

1990 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Crawford ◽  
K. M. Allan ◽  
R. H. B. Cochrane ◽  
D. M. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Individual Case ◽  
The Individual

scholarly journals Cognitive–behavioural therapy with older people

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ceri Evans
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Age Group ◽  
The Core ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
The Individual

Cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for a number of psychiatric disorders in adults of all ages. With the proportion of the population aged 65 or over increasing steadily, it is important to be aware of how the CBT needs of this age group can be best met. This article provides an overview of CBT and the historical context of using it with older people. Although an understanding of the individual, irrespective of age, is at the core of CBT, potential modifications to the procedure and content aimed at optimising its effectiveness for older people are discussed.

Het belang van de context voor onderzoek binnen de organisatiepsychologie

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim van Breukelen
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Organizational Characteristics ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Underlying Processes ◽  
Voor Onderzoek

The importance of context in research on organizational behavior The importance of context in research on organizational behavior This article emphasizes the need to pay more attention to the context in field studies of organizational behavior. The context refers to factors external to the individual, which include organizational characteristics and societal and cultural factors. The context may offer additional explanations for research findings and may improve insights in underlying processes. In addition, a focus on contextual factors in a study may increase the fit between research and practice. This article describes the potential effects of contextual factors and offers possible reasons for the lack of attention to context in many studies. Finally, several recommendations are presented in order to bring contextual factors back into the study of behavior in organizations.

Changing Beliefs About Emotions in IBS: A Single Case Design

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-317
Author(s):  
H.M. Bowers ◽  
A.L. Wroe
Keyword(s):  
Single Case ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Single Case Design ◽  
Emotional Suppression ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Beliefs About Emotions

Background: Previous research suggests benefits of targeting beliefs about the unacceptability of emotions in treatment for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Aims: The current study developed and tested an intervention focusing on beliefs and behaviours around emotional expression. Method: Four participants with IBS attended five group sessions using cognitive behavioural techniques focusing on beliefs about the unacceptability of expressing emotions. Bi-weekly questionnaires were completed and a group interview was conducted. This study used an AB design with four participants. Results: Averages indicate that participants showed decreases in beliefs about unacceptability of emotions and emotional suppression during the intervention, although this was not reflected in any of the individual trends in Beliefs about Emotions Scale scores and was significant in only one individual case for Courtauld Emotional Control Scale scores. Affective distress and quality of life improved during follow-up, with only one participant not improving with regard to distress. Qualitative data suggest that participants felt that the intervention was beneficial, referencing the value in sharing their emotions. Conclusions: This study suggests the potential for beliefs about emotions and emotional suppression to be addressed in cognitive behavioural interventions in IBS. That beliefs and behaviours improved before outcomes suggests they may be important processes to investigate in treatment for IBS.

Are Religious Parents More Satisfied Parents? Individual- and Couple-Level Religious Correlates of Parenting Satisfaction

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1770-1796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin J. Nelson ◽  
Jeremy E. Uecker
Keyword(s):  
Family Life ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Parenting Satisfaction ◽  
Strong Emphasis ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Evangelical Protestants ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

Using data from the 2014 Baylor Religion Survey, we examine the relationship between various aspects of religion and parenting satisfaction. Results confirm prior research findings that personal religiosity is positively associated with parenting satisfaction. We also find that religious heterogamy among couples is associated with lower odds of being a satisfied parent. Furthermore, parents who view their parenting as holy or sacred have much higher odds of reporting being satisfied as parents, and the observed relationships between religiosity and parenting satisfaction at both the individual and couple levels are no longer statistically significant in models controlling for parenting sanctification. The religiously unaffiliated have higher odds than evangelical Protestants of having high parenting satisfaction, suggesting the possible presence of parenting pressures within religious communities with a strong emphasis on family life.

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