Imaging

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Laureno
Keyword(s):  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Cellular Pathology ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

This chapter on “Imaging” examines the relative advantages and disadvantages of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. It compares the modalities to each other and to gross neuropathology. For several decades, neurologists have been able to view cross-sectional images of living patients. Analogous to gross neuropathology, cross-sectional imaging displays the brain as an entire organ but does not demonstrate microscopic tissue or cellular pathology. By allowing practitioners to view sections of brain and spinal cord in vivo, imaging has improved neurologic practice and facilitated clinical research. This chapter deals with imaging topics that are important to the neurologist. The timing of scans, the effects of gravity, and the importance of plane of section are considered. Imaging is compared to gross neuropathology, and MRI is compared to CT.

scholarly journals Retroperitoneal lymphangiectasia: a great clinical masquerade

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 748
Author(s):  
Siddhant Uttam Manwar ◽  
Manisha Vishnu Joshi ◽  
Devdas Sudhakar Shetty ◽  
Upendra Diwakar Bhalerao
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Colour Doppler ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging ◽  
Anatomical Extent ◽  
Sectional Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Ct And Mri

Retroperitoneal lymphangiectasia is a very rare lymphatic disorder characterized by abnormal proliferation of lymphatics. We present series of 3 cases of retroperitoneal lymphangiectasia which are diagnosed in our institute with the help of Ultrasonography (USG), Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of abdomen and pelvis with unusual clinical presentation. We include clinical features and imaging findings of this disorder with its pathogenesis and diagnosis. Two of the cases were clinically masquerading as hernia and one case was mimicking varicocele. Thorough clinical examination and USG, colour Doppler, CT and MRI are extremely helpful imaging investigation that aid in differentiating these lesions from hernia/ varicocele and the cross sectional imaging like CT and MRI can  depict the anatomical extent of the disease.

scholarly journals Sinonasal Chondrosarcoma, an Unusual Location

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oumniya Abouhanine ◽  
Aicha Merzem ◽  
Vianney Ndayishimiye ◽  
Omar Amriss ◽  
Hasnaa Belgadir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hard Palate ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Long Bones ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Extension Work ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Left Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Work Up

Introduction: Chondrosarcoma is a tumour with a cartilaginous matrix frequently encountered in long bones and the pelvis with rare sinonasal location. Patient and methods: We report the case of a 25-year-old patient who was referred to us for an extension work-up for sinonasal chondrosarcoma confirmed by anatomopathological examination. Results: Facial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed by a CT scan showed an osteolytic tumour process of the hard palate and walls of the left maxillary sinus that was locally advanced. Conclusion: The sinonasal location of a chondrosarcoma is rare. Characterized by cross-sectional imaging, confirmation was provided by histological assessment.

scholarly journals Hemosiderosis of Central Nervous System: a case report of a rare and underdiagnosed disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e270101119579
Author(s):  
Cássio Marques Perlin ◽  
Lanusa Alquino Colombo ◽  
Anderson Dillmann Groto ◽  
Bruno Gleizer da Silva Rigon
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Superficial Siderosis ◽  
Medical Clinic ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
System A ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

Superficial Siderosis (SS) of Central Nervous System is a rare disease characterized by the deposit of hemosiderin in the brain and spinal cord. Clinically, it is characterized by progressive sensorineural ataxia and deafness associated with injury of superior motor neuron. The diagnosis is made by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the encephalon and spinal cord. The objective of the study is to report the case of a patient with characteristic elements of the syndrome, accompanied in a private medical clinic.

Basic Neuronavigation Options for Cortical and Subcortical Brain Lesions Surgery

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-149
Author(s):  
Milan N. Mladenovski ◽  
Nikolay V. Vasilev ◽  
Mladen E. Ovcharov ◽  
Iliya V. Valkov
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Neurosurgical Procedures ◽  
Cortical Lesions ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Real Time Ultrasonography

Summary Craniometric points are essential for orienting neurosurgeons in their practice. Understanding the correlations of these points help to manage any pathological lesion located on the cortical surface and subcortically. The brain sulci and gyri should be identified before craniotomy. It is difficult to identify these anatomical structures intraoperatively (after craniotomy) with precision. The main purpose of this study was to collect as much information as possible from the literature and our clinical practice in order to facilitate the placement of craniotomies without using modern neuronavigation systems. Operative reports from the last five years on cranial operations for cortical and subcortical lesions were reviewed. All the craniotomies had been planned, using four methods: detection of craniometric points, computed tomography (CT) scans/topograms, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans/topograms, and intraoperative real-time ultrasonography (USG). Retrospectively, we analyzed 295 cranial operations. Our analysis showed that operating on for cortical lesions, we had frequently used the first and the second method mentioned above (118 patients), while in cases of subcortical lesions, we had used craniometric points, MRI scans/topograms and intraoperative real-time USG as methods of neuronavigation (177 patients). These results show that craniometric points are essential in both neurosurgical procedures.

Application of Artificial Intelligence in Magnetic Resonance Imaging to reduce Gadolinium accumulation in patients with multiple sclerosis: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 416-428
Author(s):  
Vijay Anant Athavale ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Brain ◽  
New Onset

Gadolinium (Gd) is a based contrast agent is used for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). In India, gadobutrolhas been is approved for MRI of the Central Nervous System (CNS), liver, kidneys, and breast. It has been noted in several studies that the accumulation of gadolinium occurs in different structures in the brain. Patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) are regularly followed up with MRI scans and MRI with contrast enhancement is the most common method of distinguishing new-onset pathological changes. Developments in technology and methods in artificial intelligence have shown that there is reason to map out the X-ray technician’s work with examinations and medicines administered to patients may be altered to prevent the accumulation of gadolinium.

Imaging Diagnosis of Adenomyosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (02/03) ◽  
pp. 119-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aileen O'Shea ◽  
Gabrielle Figueiredo ◽  
Susanna I. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Features ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Imaging Diagnosis ◽  
Junctional Zone ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Characteristic Imaging ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging ◽  
Uterine Adenomyosis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
High Degree

AbstractUterine adenomyosis can be diagnosed on ultrasonography (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a high degree of accuracy. Adenomyosis is a myometrial process that can appear as diffuse or focal on imaging. Diffuse adenomyosis typically causes uterine enlargement, while focal adenomyosis can mimic other myometrial lesions, such as leiomyomas. Imaging features frequently seen on US include a heterogenous thickened myometrium and myometrial cysts. On MRI, widening of the junctional zone, whether focal or diffuse, and the presence of myometrial cysts, either simple or hemorrhagic, support the diagnosis of adenomyosis. Despite these characteristic imaging appearances, there are several gynecologic pathologies which can mimic adenomyosis and it is important to be vigilant of these when interpreting cross-sectional imaging exams. The decision to evaluate patients with US or MRI is contingent on multiple factors, including availability of the necessary technology and expertise for the latter. However, MRI appears to offer greater specificity and positive predictive value for the diagnosis of adenomyosis.

scholarly journals A Novel Marker Based Method to Teeth Alignment in MRI

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
Jean-Marc Luukinen ◽  
Daniel Aalto ◽  
Jarmo Malinen ◽  
Naoko Niikuni ◽  
Jani Saunavaara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Structural Mri ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Dental Models ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Dental Cast

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can precisely capture the anatomy of the vocal tract. However, the crowns of teeth are not visible in standard MRI scans. In this study, a marker-based teeth alignment method is presented and evaluated. Ten patients undergoing orthognathic surgery were enrolled. Supraglottal airways were imaged preoperatively using structural MRI. MRI visible markers were developed, and they were attached to maxillary teeth and corresponding locations on the dental casts. Repeated measurements of intermarker distances in MRI and in a replica model was compared using linear regression analysis. Dental cast MRI and corresponding caliper measurements did not differ significantly. In contrast, the marker locationsin vivodiffered somewhat from the dental cast measurements likely due to marker placement inaccuracies. The markers were clearly visible in MRI and allowed for dental models to be aligned to head and neck MRI scans.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging and the Neonate

2003 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabell Purdy ◽  
Dorothy Wiley
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Past ◽  
Invaluable Tool ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Patient Advocates ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Over the past decade, advances in neuroimaging have given birth to a new field of diagnostic pediatric neurologic assessment that includes magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This invaluable tool helps medical professionals to resolve many clinical and research questions related to neonatal neurodevelopment that other imaging technology cannot explain. Nurses and others who accompany infants to MRI would benefit from a better understanding of early neurodevelopment and of the neuroimaging procedure. Knowing the advantages and disadvantages of MRI techniques can help nurses be better patient advocates, parent liaisons, and caregivers to infants having MRI scans.

Vaginal masses: magnetic resonance imaging features with pathologic correlation

2007 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 921-933 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Elsayes ◽  
V. R. Narra ◽  
J. R. Dillman ◽  
V. Velcheti ◽  
O. Hameed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pelvic Mri ◽  
Mri Features ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

The detection of vaginal lesions has increased with the expanding use of cross-sectional imaging. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)—with its high-contrast resolution and multiplanar capabilities—is often useful for characterizing vaginal masses. Vaginal masses can be classified as congenital, inflammatory, cystic (benign), and neoplastic (benign or malignant) in etiology. Recognition of the typical MR imaging features of such lesions is important because it often determines the treatment approach and may obviate surgery. Finally, vaginal MR imaging can be used to evaluate post-treatment changes related to previous surgery and radiation therapy. In this article, we will review pertinent vaginal anatomy, vaginal and pelvic MRI technique, and the MRI features of a variety of vaginal lesions with pathological correlation.

The Use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for the Study of the Velopharynx

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 35-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazlin Mason ◽  
Jamie Perry
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Outcomes For Children ◽  
Posterior Pharynx

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has contributed significantly to our understanding of the velopharyngeal mechanism and is the only imaging modality that allows for visualization of the internal musculature in vivo. Although velopharyngeal dysfunction often can be perceived through indirect assessments such as perceptual ratings, acoustic analysis, and pressure-flow assessment, these indirect methods can fail to identify the underlying cause of hypernasality or velopharyngeal dysfunction due to the inability to visualize the primary muscles responsible for speech. Direct imaging methods, such as nasendoscopy or videofluoroscopy, present drawbacks and are limited in the information that is provided within the oral and nasal cavities, as well as the posterior pharynx. MRI studies have enhanced our knowledge of the velopharyngeal system and offer a foundation to establish the utility of using MRI clinically to improve speech outcomes for children with cleft palate and craniofacial anomalies. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the underlying principles of MRI, describe the advantages and disadvantages of MRI, and discusses a standard protocol for assessing velopharyngeal anatomy.

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