Prematurity and Intraventricular Hemorrhage
Intraventricular hemorrhage caused by bleeding in the germinal matrix is a complication often seen in premature infants. Variations in cerebral blood flow may lead to rupture of the fragile, immature blood vessels due to their inability to autoregulate or accommodate changes in cerebral perfusion. Post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) may lead to significant neurologic compromise and can be diagnosed by assessing for symptoms and signs of infantile hydrocephalus, followed by radiologic imaging. Treatment options may include temporary and permanent cerebrospinal fluid diversion. Head ultrasound is a common imaging modality used for hydrocephalus surveillance in infants during their postnatal hospital stay in the neonatal intensive care unit. Evidence-based guidelines for the treatment of PHH have been published by the Joint Guidelines Committee of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons and the Congress of Neurological Surgeons.