Combined Pharmacotherapies and Behavioral Interventions for Alcohol Dependence

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Johnson ◽  
Srinivas Muvvala
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Heavy Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Behavioral Therapies ◽  
Study Intervention ◽  
Landmark Study

This chapter provides a summary of the Combined Pharmacotherapies and Behavioral Interventions for Alcohol Dependence Study. This landmark study researches the efficacy of medications, behavioral therapies, and their combinations in the treatment of alcohol use disorder. Starting with the research question, this review describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, who was studied, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. One key finding is the efficacy of naltrexone at lowering the number of heavy alcohol consumption days. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications, provides clinical guidelines, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.

Comparison of 8 versus 15 Days of Antibiotic Therapy for Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Adults

2018 ◽  
pp. 257-262
Author(s):  
Laurie O. Mark ◽  
Jean Kwo
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Pulmonary Infection ◽  
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽  
Icu Patients ◽  
Study Intervention ◽  
Landmark Study

This chapter provides a summary of the landmark study “Comparison of 8 versus 15 days of antibiotic therapy for ventilator-associated pneumonia in adults: a randomized trial.” In adult patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), is treatment with an 8-day course of antimicrobials as effective as a 15-day course? Starting with that question, the chapter describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, who was studied, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case. In ICU patients who develop microbiologically proven VAP, an 8-day antimicrobial course is not inferior to a 15-day course with respect to all-cause mortality or recurrence of pulmonary infection. However, these findings may not apply to patients who are immunocompromised, and shorter or longer duration of antibiotics may sometimes be indicated.

The Canadian Cardiac Randomized Evaluation of Antidepressant and Psychotherapy Efficacy (CREATE) Trial

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikhil Gupta ◽  
Catherine Chiles
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Interpersonal Therapy ◽  
Randomized Evaluation ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Study Intervention ◽  
Overall Health Status ◽  
Landmark Study

This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study in psychiatry in primary care to mediate the effect of depression on overall health status . In the treatment of patients with major depression and coronary artery disease, what is the short-term efficacy of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (citalopram) and/or interpersonal therapy? Starting with that question, it describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, who was studied, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.

Cognitive Therapy versus Medication in the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Depression

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Barron ◽  
Robert Ostroff
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Study Intervention ◽  
Landmark Study

This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study on major depressive disorder. Is paroxetine or cognitive therapy more effective in treating patients with moderate to severe major depressive disorder? Starting with that question, it describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, who was studied, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.

Behavioral and/or Pharmacotherapy for Older Patients with Insomnia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Ross ◽  
Rajesh R. Tampi
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Longterm Treatment ◽  
Study Intervention ◽  
Landmark Study

This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study on short and longterm treatment of insomnia. Should older patients with insomnia be managed with cognitive behavioral therapy, benzodiazepines, or both? Starting with that question, it describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, who was studied, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case. The study shows that bensodiazepines and cognitive behavioral therapy are equally effective for shorterm treatment of insomnia in otherwise healthy elderly participants but cognitive behavioral therapy is far more effective for longterm treatment of insomnia.

Prevalence and Severity of Psychiatric Comorbidities

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Yarnell ◽  
Ellen Edens
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Impulse Control ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidities ◽  
National Comorbidity Survey Replication ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions ◽  
Study Intervention ◽  
Landmark Study

Chapter 20—The Prevalence and Severity of Psychiatric Comorbidities provides a summary of a landmark study in epidemiology, the The National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R). This chapter study sought to answer some fundamental questions. How common are comorbid psychiatric conditions? What are the prevalence and severity rates for comorbid anxiety, mood, impulse control, and substance use disorders? Starting with these questions, this chapter describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, who was studied, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.

Global Burden of Mental and Substance Use Disorders

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Yarnell ◽  
Ellen Edens
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Disease Study ◽  
Study Intervention ◽  
Landmark Study

This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study in epidemiology. The Global Burden of Disease Study was a ground breaking venture in answering the question regarding the prevalence of various diseases. By analyzing this database, the current study was sought to determine the burden of disease attributable to mental and substance use disorders. With this in mind, it describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, who was studied, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Sertraline, or a Combination in Childhood Anxiety

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Saunders ◽  
Andres Martin ◽  
Jerome H. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Childhood Anxiety ◽  
Child And Adolescent Psychiatry ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Study Intervention ◽  
Landmark Study

This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study evaluating the treatment of anxiety disorders in child and adolescent psychiatry. Is sertraline in combination with cognitive behavioral therapy more effective than monotherapy with either treatment alone in children with anxiety disorders? Also, how do these treatments compare with placebo therapy? Starting with these questions, it describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, who was studied, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.

Levomethadyl Acetate versus Buprenorphine versus Methadone for Opioid Dependence

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Ross ◽  
Brian Fuehrlein
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Opioid Dependence ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Opiate Use ◽  
Opiate Use Disorder ◽  
Study Intervention ◽  
Landmark Study

This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study on substance use disorders. Which of the following is most effective for treatment of opioid dependence: levomethadyl acetate, buprenorphine, high-dose methadone, or low-dose methadone? Starting with that question, it describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, who was studied, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case. The study demonstrates that buprenorphine, high-dose methadone, and levomethadyl acetate are equally effective in the treatment of opiate use disorder. All three treatments are significantly more effective than low-dose methadone.

Watchful Waiting versus Surgery for Inguinal Hernia

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel J. Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Inguinal Hernia ◽  
Hernia Repair ◽  
Inguinal Hernia Repair ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Watchful Waiting ◽  
Surgical Repair ◽  
Hernia Surgery ◽  
Study Intervention ◽  
Landmark Study

This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study in hernia surgery. For men with minimally symptomatic inguinal hernias, does deferring surgical repair until symptoms develop lead to worse outcomes with respect to pain and physical function? Starting with that question, it describes the basics of the study, including funding, year study began, year study was published, study location, who was studied, who was excluded, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, gives a summary and discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case involving inguinal hernia repair.

Early versus Late Tracheostomy for Intubated Patients

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel J. Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Critical Care ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Critically Ill Patient ◽  
Early Tracheostomy ◽  
Surgical Critical Care ◽  
The Family ◽  
Study Intervention ◽  
Landmark Study

This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study in surgical critical care. Does early tracheostomy reduce mortality in ventilated critically ill patients? Starting with that question, it describes the basics of the study, including funding, year study began, year study was published, study location, who was studied, who was excluded, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, gives a summary and discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case on discussing the option of a tracheostomy with the family of a critically ill patient.

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