Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Julie Chor ◽  
Katie Watson
Keyword(s):  
Government Regulation ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Reproductive Ethics ◽  
Patient Decision Making ◽  
Societal Factors ◽  
Patient Decision ◽  
Political Controversy ◽  
Reproductive Healthcare

Like all clinicians, reproductive healthcare providers face specialty-specific ethical questions. However, the first editor of this book, Dr. Julie Chor (JC), an obstetrician-gynecologist who also completed a Complex Family Planning Fellowship, has never found an ethics text that is tailored to the needs of practicing clinicians, students, and trainees in reproductive healthcare. This is an unfortunate gap in the literature because whether reproductive health providers come from obstetrics and gynecology, family medicine, pediatrics, or another field, they all must be able to identify and analyze complex ethical issues that lie at the crossroads of patient decision-making, scientific advancement, political controversy, government regulation, and profound moral considerations in the context of continually evolving medical, legal, and societal factors. To fill this gap, Dr. Chor invited co-editor Professor Katie Watson (KW), a bioethics professor and lawyer who focuses on reproductive ethics, to partner in creating the text that she has always longed to use but has never found while practicing and teaching in this complex milieu....

Reproductive Ethics in Clinical Practice

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Reproductive Ethics ◽  
Patient Decision Making ◽  
Patient Decision ◽  
Pregnancy And Delivery ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Delivery Obstetric ◽  
Reproductive Healthcare

Reproductive healthcare professionals in fields such as obstetrics and gynecology, family medicine, and pediatrics routinely face unique ethical issues at the crossroads of patient decision-making, scientific advancement, political controversy, legal regulation, and profound moral considerations. This book is a carefully curated compilation of essays written by leading experts in the fields of medicine, ethics, law, and the social sciences who address key issues at the forefront of reproductive ethics. It is organized into three main sections: Preventing Pregnancy and Birth (Contraception and Abortion Ethics), Initiating Pregnancy (Assisted Reproduction Ethics), and Managing Pregnancy and Delivery (Obstetric Ethics). Each section begins with a short introduction by the editors, providing an overview of this area of reproductive ethics and contextualizing the essays that follow. Two features make the book appealing and useful to practicing clinicians as well as students and trainees: the short length of the essays and the practical yet exciting topics they cover (e.g., issues around race, religion, abortion, violations of confidentiality, conflicts of interest, legal liability, maternal choices that risk future children’s health, and reproductive practice in Europe and developing nations). The collection provides clinicians at all levels of training with frameworks within which to approach challenging encounters.

Models of the Doctor-Patient Relationship and the Ethics Committee: Part One

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Thomasma
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Ethics Committee ◽  
Patient Relationship ◽  
Doctor Patient Relationship ◽  
Patient Decision Making ◽  
Deontological Ethics ◽  
Ethical Discussion ◽  
Patient Decision

Models of the doctor-patient relationship determine which value will predominate in the interaction of the parties. That value then significantly colors and even sometimers alters the nature of the ethical discussion. For example, if an institution predominately prides it-self on its competitive posture, ethical issues arising therein will necessarily be colored by entrepreurial rather than deontological ethics. By contrast, a physician who underlines patient decision making will tend to place autonomy first above all other principles, casting that relationship in a libertarian tone.

Ethical issues in invasive mechanical ventilation for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko Hirano ◽  
Yoshihiko Yamazaki
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Invasive Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Patient Decision Making ◽  
Nursing Advocacy ◽  
Patient Decision ◽  
Decision Making Factors ◽  
Herth Hope Index ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Currently in Japan, discontinuing an invasive mechanical ventilator (IMV) is illegal; therefore IMV-related decision making is a crucial issue. This study examined IMV decision-making factors and psychological conflict in 50 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The Herth Hope Index was used for the assessment of pre- and post-IMV conflict. Interviews identified some decision-making factors: patient’s decision, patient’s and family’s mutual decision, family’s decision, and emergency-induced without patient’s or family’s consent. Participants who experienced no IMV-related regret received sufficient prior IMV education from physicians and nurses, and time for reflection and family consultation. Their hope was similar to their pre-onset levels. Patients who received no prior IMV education accepted treatment as a natural progression. Their hope levels were lower than pre-onset. Those who received only a brief prior IMV explanation rejected the ventilator, experiencing regret if they were given an emergency IMV. Their hope levels were among the lowest. However, some of these patients managed to overcome their regret through being helped by nurses. Sufficient physician explanation and nursing advocacy for autonomous patient decision making are critical for improving hope in this patient group.

scholarly journals Montgomery, informed consent and causation of harm: lessons from Australia or a uniquely English approach to patient autonomy?

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 384-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm K Smith ◽  
Tracey Carver
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Information Disclosure ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Health Board ◽  
Patient Decision Making ◽  
Rigorous Approach ◽  
Patient Decision ◽  
Uk Supreme Court ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Negligence Law

The UK Supreme Court in Montgomery v Lanarkshire Health Board adopts an approach to information disclosure in connection with clinical treatment that moves away from medical paternalism towards a more patient-centred approach. In doing so, it reinforces the protection afforded to informed consent and autonomous patient decision making under the law of negligence. However, some commentators have expressed a concern that the widening of the healthcare providers’ duty of disclosure may provide impetus, in future cases, for courts to adopt a more rigorous approach to the application of causation principles. The aim would be to limit liability but, in turn, it would also limit autonomy protection. Such a restrictive approach has recently been adopted in Australia as a result of the High Court decision in Wallace v Kam. This paper considers whether such an approach is likely under English negligence law and discusses case law from both jurisdictions in order to provide a point of comparison from which to scope the post-Montgomery future.

Catholicism and the Neonatal Context

2019 ◽  
pp. 37-64
Author(s):  
M. Therese Lysaught
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Human Person ◽  
The United States ◽  
Catholic Social Thought ◽  
Patient Decision Making ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Not For Profit ◽  
Patient Decision ◽  
Beliefs And Values ◽  
Roman Catholics

Roman Catholics comprise the largest single denomination in the United States and are the nation’s largest group of not-for-profit healthcare providers. Yet, there is little or no available literature to assist neonatal caregivers in understanding how religious beliefs and values might influence parents’ responses to the challenges posed by their newborn’s care. Equally, there is little or no available literature on the academic or pastoral side addressing questions of neonatal medicine from a theological perspective. This chapter addresses how Roman Catholic teachings might affect the ways in which parents and caregivers make treatment decisions. It examines the neonatal context in light of five aspects of Catholic teaching—the dignity of the human person, patient decision making, withholding and withdrawing treatment, palliative care, and Catholic social thought—as well as three important Catholic practices—baptism, the anointing of the sick, and the care of babies’ bodies, living and dead.

An economic theory of patient decision-making

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas O. Stewart ◽  
Joseph P. DeMarco
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Economic Theory ◽  
Patient Decision Making ◽  
Patient Decision

Views of Psychologists About Their Role in Hastened Death

2021 ◽  
pp. 003022282110451
Author(s):  
Sílvia Marina ◽  
Tony Wainwright ◽  
Miguel Ricou
Keyword(s):  
Terminal Illness ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patient Decision Making ◽  
Psychological Practice ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Patient Decision ◽  
Life Issues ◽  
Hastened Death ◽  
End Of Life Issues

Hastened death practices are legal in several countries. Psychologists are increasingly taking a more active role in end-of-life issues, but the role of psychologists in requests to hasten death is not established. This study aims to contribute guidance for psychological practice in the context of requests to hasten death. We conducted a cross-sectional and cross-cultural study with Psychologists from Portugal and Luxembourg who answer closed and open questions to provide views about their role in hastened death. Psychological assessment, psychological support to patient and family, the exploration of patient decision-making and reorientation of patients were viewed as roles for psychologists. However, these roles may differ depending whether the patient has a terminal or non-terminal illness.

Radiation Oncology's Place in Payment Reform: ASTRO Advocates for a Place at the Table

2021 ◽  
pp. OP.21.00294
Author(s):  
Anne Hubbard ◽  
Constantine Mantz ◽  
Najeeb Mohideen ◽  
William Hartsell ◽  
Nikhil G. Thaker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Oncology ◽  
Payment Reform ◽  
Patient Decision Making ◽  
Current Form ◽  
True Value ◽  
Reporting Requirements ◽  
Patient Decision ◽  
American Society ◽  
Physician Patient ◽  
Therapy Treatment

In its current form, the Radiation Oncology Model (RO Model) prioritizes payment cuts over true value-based payment transformation. With significant modifications to the payment methodology, the reporting requirements, and recognition of the unique challenges faced by disadvantaged populations, the RO Model can protect patient access to care, preserve the physician-patient decision-making process, and ensure the delivery of high-quality, efficient radiation therapy treatment. The American Society for Radiation Oncology has spent several years advocating for a meaningful alternative payment model for radiation oncology and continues to push The Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation for changes to the RO Model that will recognize these key outcomes.

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