Aromatherapy for Sleep

2021 ◽  
pp. 329-342
Author(s):  
Valerie Cacho ◽  
Mindy Green
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Parasympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Side Effect Profile ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Health And Well Being

Aromatherapy is defined as using the essential (volatile) oil extracted from an aromatic plant to improve health and well-being. The naturally occurring chemical constituents in essential oils cross the blood–brain barrier and interact with neurons of the autonomic nervous system. Specific essential oils can be used to treat insomnia via the parasympathetic nervous system by reducing anxiety, improving relaxation, and promoting sleep. They can also be used to treat hypersomnia by increasing alertness through stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system. Essential oils are simple to use and have a low side-effect profile. Essential oils can be blended to create a personliazed aromatic therapy to support relaxation or promote alertness.

The Autonomic Nervous System

Neuroanatomy ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 117-138
Author(s):  
Adam J Fisch
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Cardiac Rhythm ◽  
Parasympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Baroreceptor Reflex ◽  
Urinary System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
System P ◽  
Hair Fiber ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

This chapter provides an overview of the autonomic nervous system and respective instructions for drawing its various components. These include the, parasympathetic nervous system, sympathetic nervous system, lower urinary system, baroreceptor reflex, respiration, and digestive tract. The chapter discusses the various functions of elements of these systems, and it presents conditions and illnesses specifically related to disorders in elements of the autonomic nervous system, such as cardiac rhythm abnormalities (arrhythmias), respiratory failure, gut dysmotility, bladder dysmotility, and skin manifestations, such as hair fiber loss and sweating.

Peripheral Nervous SystemAutonomic Nervous System

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Fisch
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Parasympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Urinary System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
System P ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

Chapter 6 discusses how to draw the peripheral nervous system, specifically the autonomic nervous system, including autonomic fiber arrangements, the parasympathetic nervous system, the sympathetic nervous system, the urinary system, and the cardiac reflex.

scholarly journals Effect of Hinoki and Meniki Essential Oils on Human Autonomic Nervous System Activity and Mood States

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1501000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Jung Chen ◽  
K. J. Senthil Kumar ◽  
Yu-Ting Chen ◽  
Nai-Wen Tsao ◽  
Shih-Chang Chien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System Activity ◽  
Nervous System Activity ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

Meniki ( Chamecyparis formosensis) and Hinoki ( C. obtusa) are precious conifers with excellent wood properties and distinctive fragrances that make these species popular in Taiwan for construction, interiors and furniture. In the present study, the compositions of essential oils prepared from Meniki and Hinoki were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Thirty-six compounds were identified from the wood essential oil of Meniki, including 5-cadinene, y-cadinene, 5-cadinol, α-muurolene, calamenene, linalyl acetate and myrtenol; 29 compounds were identified from Hinoki, including α-terpineol, α-pinene, 8-cadinene, borneol, terpinolene, and limonene. Next, we examined the effect of Meniki and Hinoki essential oils on human autonomic nervous system activity. Sixteen healthy adults received Meniki or Hinoki by inhalation for 5 min, and the physiological and psychological effects were examined. After inhaling Meniki essential oil, participant's systolic blood pressure and heart rate (HR) were decreased, and diastolic blood pressure increased. In addition, sympathetic nervous activity (SNS) was significantly decreased, and parasympathetic activity (PSNS) was significantly increased. On the other hand, after inhaling Hinoki essential oil, systolic blood pressure, heart rate and PSNS were decreased, whereas SNA was increased. Indeed, both Meniki and Hinoki essential oils increased heart rate variability (HRV) in tested adults. Furthermore, in the Profile of Mood States (POMS) test, both Meniki and Hinoki wood essential oils stimulated a pleasant mood status. Our results strongly suggest that Meniki and Hinoki essential oils could be suitable agents for the development of regulators of sympathetic nervous system dysfunctions.

scholarly journals Possible Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Physical Exercise in Neurodegeneration

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5895 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Mahalakshmi ◽  
Nancy Maurya ◽  
Shin-Da Lee ◽  
V. Bharath Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Parasympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Degenerative Diseases ◽  
Neuro Inflammation ◽  
Health And Well Being

Physical exercise (PE) improves physical performance, mental status, general health, and well-being. It does so by affecting many mechanisms at the cellular and molecular level. PE is beneficial for people suffering from neuro-degenerative diseases because it improves the production of neurotrophic factors, neurotransmitters, and hormones. PE promotes neuronal survival and neuroplasticity and also optimizes neuroendocrine and physiological responses to psychosocial and physical stress. PE sensitizes the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS), Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) and central nervous system (CNS) by promoting many processes such as synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and autophagy. Overall, it carries out many protective and preventive activities such as improvements in memory, cognition, sleep and mood; growth of new blood vessels in nervous system; and the reduction of stress, anxiety, neuro-inflammation, and insulin resistance. In the present work, the protective effects of PE were overviewed. Suitable examples from the current research work in this context are also given in the article.

Sleep and circadian influences on cardiac autonomic nervous system activity

1997 ◽  
Vol 273 (4) ◽  
pp. H1761-H1768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen J. Burgess ◽  
John Trinder ◽  
Young Kim ◽  
David Luke
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Parasympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System Activity ◽  
System Activity ◽  
Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System Activity ◽  
Parasympathetic Nervous System Activity ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

To assess the separate contributions of the sleep and circadian systems to changes in cardiac autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity, 12 supine subjects participated in two 26-h constant routines, which were counterbalanced and separated by 1 wk. One routine did not permit sleep, whereas the second allowed the subjects to sleep during their normal sleep phase. Parasympathetic nervous system activity was assessed with respiratory sinus arrhythmia as measured from the spectral analysis of cardiac beat-to-beat intervals. Sympathetic nervous system activity was primarily assessed with the preejection period as estimated from impedance cardiography, although the 0.1-Hz peak from the spectral analysis of cardiac beat-to-beat intervals, the amplitude of the T wave in the electrocardiogram, and heart rate were also measured. Respiratory sinus arrhythymia showed a 24-h rhythm independent of sleep, whereas preejection period only showed a 24-h rhythm if sleep occurred. Thus the findings indicate that parasympathetic nervous system activity is mostly influenced by the circadian system, whereas sympathetic nervous system activity is mostly influenced by the sleep system.

The Effect of Altering the Conditions of the Autonomic Nervous System on the Choline Esterase Level in Human Blood Serum

1937 ◽  
Vol 83 (343) ◽  
pp. 202-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxwell Shaw Jones ◽  
Henry Tod
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Human Blood ◽  
Parasympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Human Blood Serum ◽  
Acetyl Choline ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Choline Esterase Level

Within recent years a great deal of attention has been paid to the question of chemical transmission of nervous impulses, and it has been definitely established by Dale and his co-workers (1, 2, 3) that acetyl choline is the transmitter in the case of the parasympathetic nervous system, and also in part of the sympathetic nervous system.

scholarly journals Investigation of the autonomic nervous system in patients with chronic heart failure and chronic cerebral ischemia

2018 ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
N. Zhhilova
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Parasympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System Dysfunction ◽  
Cardiovascular Pathology ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

The number of scientific studies which proving that the cause of many chronic diseases is the autonomic nervous system dysfunction has increased. The changes in the autonomic nervous system can be detected before the appearance of clinical symptoms. This is the basis of prevention. Reducing the influence of the parasympathetic nervous system and activating the sympathetic nervous system are predictors of arterial hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and others. There are no clear mechanisms for the emergence of hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system in cardiovascular pathology. That is why it needs to be studied. And that is why the study of the influence of the autonomic nervous system in chronic conditions is relevant.

Role of Autonomic Nervous System in Maintenance of Cerebral and Renal Hypertension

1957 ◽  
Vol 188 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sol Rothman ◽  
Douglas R. Drury
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Renal Hypertension ◽  
The Other ◽  
Peripheral Vasculature ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Blood Pressure Responses

The blood pressure responses to various drugs were investigated in renal hypertensive, cerebral hypertensive and normotensive rabbits. Hexamethonium bromide and Dibenamine reduced the blood pressures of renal and cerebral hypertensives. Effects in the normal were insignificant. The cerebral hypertensive's blood pressure was slightly affected by benzodioxane. Blood pressure was not reduced at all in the other groups. Blood pressure of the renal hypertensive rabbit was greatly reduced by Veriloid and dihydroergocornine. Blood pressures of cerebral and normal animals were affected to a lesser degree. The results suggest that maintenance of hypertension in the cerebral hypertensive rabbit depends on an overactive sympathetic nervous system, possibly due to the release of medullary pressor centers from inhibitory impulses originating in higher centers; whereas, the maintenance of hypertension in the renal hypertensive rabbit may be attributed to an increased reactivity of the peripheral vasculature to a normal sympathetic tone.

scholarly journals Effects of exercise on cardiac autonomic modulation in children: literature update

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 627-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Henrique de Oliveira Mondoni ◽  
Luiz Carlos Marques Vanderlei ◽  
Bruno Saraiva ◽  
Franciele Marques Vanderlei
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Parasympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Autonomic Modulation ◽  
Healthy Development ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Cardiac Autonomic Modulation

AbstractIntroduction It is known that physical exercise is beneficial and precipitates adjustments to the autonomic nervous system. However, the effect of exercise on cardiac autonomic modulation in children, despite its importance, is poorly investigated.Objective To bring together current information about the effects of exercise on heart rate variability in healthy and obese children.Methods The literature update was performed through a search for articles in the following databases; PubMed, PEDro, SciELO and Lilacs, using the descriptors “exercise” and “child” in conjunction with the descriptors “autonomic nervous system”, “sympathetic nervous system”, “parasympathetic nervous system” and also with no descriptor, but the key word of this study, “heart rate variability”, from January 2005 to December 2012.Results After removal of items that did not fit the subject of the study, a total of 9 articles were selected, 5 with healthy and 4 with obese children.Conclusion The findings suggest that exercise can act in the normalization of existing alterations in the autonomic nervous system of obese children, as well as serve as a preventative factor in healthy children, enabling healthy development of the autonomic nervous system until the child reaches adulthood.

scholarly journals Hemodynamic Patterns and Spectral Analysis of Heart Rate Variability during Dialysis Hypotension

1999 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2577-2584
Author(s):  
MICHEL G. W. BARNAS ◽  
WALTHER H. BOER ◽  
HEIN A. KOOMANS
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Parasympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Intradialytic Hypotension ◽  
Intravascular Volume ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System Activity ◽  
System Activity ◽  
Nervous System Activity ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

Abstract. Intradialytic hypotension, a major source of morbidity during hemodialysis and ultrafiltration, is often accompanied by paradoxical bradycardia. Relatively little is known about the sequential changes in autonomic nervous system activity up to and during the hypotensive episode. Continuous, beat-to-beat measurements of BP and heart rate were made during hemodialysis in patients prone (n = 8) and not prone (n = 11) to develop intradialytic hypotension. Off-line spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) was performed to assess changes in autonomic nervous system activity during dialysis sessions both with and without hypotension. The low frequency (LF) component of HRV is thought to correlate with sympathetic nervous system activity, the high frequency (HF) component with that of the parasympathetic nervous system. In the sessions not complicated by symptomatic hypotension (n = 26), mean arterial BP (MAP) hardly fell, whereas heart rate increased from 77 ± 2 to 89 ± 5 bpm (P < 0.05). The LF component of HRV increased from 45.2 ± 5.0 normalized units (nu) to 59.9 ± 4.9 nu (P < 0.05), whereas the HF component fell from 54.8 ± 5.0 to 40.2 ± 4.4 nu (P < 0.05). These changes agree with compensatory baroreflex-mediated activation of the sympathetic nervous system (and suppressed parasympathetic activity) during ultrafiltration-induced intravascular volume depletion. In the sessions complicated by severe symptomatic hypotension (n = 22), the changes in heart rate and the results of spectral analysis of HRV were similar to those reported above up to the moment of sudden symptomatic (nausea, vomiting, dizziness, cramps) hypotension, whereas MAP had already fallen gradually from 94 ± 3 to 85 ± 3 mmHg (P < 0.05). The sudden further reduction in MAP (to 55 ± 2 mmHg, P < 0.02) was invariably accompanied by bradycardia (heart rate directly before hypotension 90 ± 2 bpm, during hypotension 69 ± 3 bpm, P < 0.002). The LF component of HRV fell from 62.8 ± 4.6 nu directly before to 40.0 ± 3.7 nu (P < 0.05) during hypotension, whereas the HF component increased from 37.9 ± 4.7 to 60.3 ± 3.7 nu (P < 0.05). These findings agree with activation of the cardiodepressor reflex, involving decreased sympathetic and increased parasympathetic nervous system activity, respectively. These findings indicate that activation of the sympatho-inhibitory cardiodepressor reflex (Bezold-Jarisch reflex), which is a physiologic response to a critical reduction in intravascular volume and cardiac filling, is the cause of sudden intradialytic hypotension.

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