Nausea and vomiting

2019 ◽  
pp. 531-538
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Algorithm ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Nursing Management ◽  
Pharmacological Management ◽  
Chemotherapy Drugs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Detailed Assessment ◽  
Anticipatory Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Pre Treatment

Nausea and vomiting are common and distressing symptoms of cancer and its treatments. Treatment-related nausea and vomiting are covered in depth, including pre-treatment assessment, the emetogenic level of chemotherapy drugs, and pharmacological management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. An evidence-based treatment algorithm is described, covering the wide range of possible anti-emetics. Non-pharmacological options are also described. There is also a section on anticipatory nausea and vomiting. Nausea and vomiting in advanced cancer are covered separately. The multifactorial nature of this is discussed, with a focus on different anti-emetic regimes, as well as nursing management, including detailed assessment and ongoing nutritional and psychological support.

scholarly journals Pharmacological management of antipsychotic-induced akathisia: an update and treatment algorithm

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 342-344
Author(s):  
Ketan Dipak Jethwa
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Treatment Algorithm ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Acute Management ◽  
Potential Well ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Pharmacological Management ◽  
Adrenergic Antagonists ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
High Level

SummaryAkathisia is a common and distressing side-effect of antipsychotic medication. The treatment of this condition is difficult and options are limited. This review of the literature was performed to develop an evidence-based algorithm for the management of antipsychotic-induced akathisia. There is limited high-level evidence to support the use of anticholinergics. Centrally acting β-adrenergic antagonists are potential treatments, although their use is limited by troublesome side-effects. Long-acting benzodiazepines and mirtazapine are potential well-tolerated treatments for the acute management of akathisia.

scholarly journals Emergency management of the paediatric patient with convulsive status epilepticus

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
Kyle C McKenzie ◽  
Cecil D Hahn ◽  
Jeremy N Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Emergency Management ◽  
Treatment Algorithm ◽  
Position Statement ◽  
Convulsive Status Epilepticus ◽  
Pharmacological Management ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
New Evidence

Abstract This guideline addresses the emergency management of convulsive status epilepticus (CSE) in children and infants older than 1 month of age. It replaces a previous position statement from 2011, and includes a new treatment algorithm and table of recommended medications based on new evidence and reflecting the evolution of clinical practice over the past several years. This statement emphasizes the importance of timely pharmacological management of CSE, and includes some guidance for diagnostic approach and supportive care.

scholarly journals Treatment of Chemotherapy-induced Nausea in Cancer Patients

2010 ◽  
Vol 06 (02) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Julie L Ryan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Daily Functioning ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Nutritional Depletion

For over 30 years, chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting have been the most severe and troublesome symptoms for cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Unresolved chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting can lead to metabolic disorders, dehydration, nutritional depletion and oesophageal tears, and can reduce the daily functioning and quality of life of and interfere with treatment schedules. Despite the widespread use of antiemetics, chemotherapy-induced nausea continues to be problematic. Unlike vomiting, nausea is a subjective and unobservable phenomenon, making it extremely difficult to accurately assess and treat. Current research suggests that management of chemotherapy-induced nausea should focus on treating the symptoms before they occur rather than after they develop. This article highlights evidence-based interventions for the treatment of chemotherapy-related nausea.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Synthetic Pesticides Against Thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on Okra Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
Hira Mannan ◽  
Qurban Ali Nahiyoon ◽  
Jilian Li
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Abelmoschus Esculentus ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Vegetable Crop ◽  
Agronomic Crops ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Field Efficacy ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides ◽  
Pre Treatment

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) is an essential vegetable crop with good nutritional significance. Insect pests are the major threat for poor production of the okra crop. Thrips of vegetable crops are known to be serious pests on a wide range of fruit, vegetable, flower, and agronomic crops. The present field study was carried out to know the efficacy of different insecticides (acetamiprid 19% weightable water (ww), lambda 25% ww, colarphipare 32% ww, lambda 2.5% ww and abamectin 1.3% ww) against Thrips, Thrips tabaci (Lindeman) on okra crop during the year 2019, and observations against T. tabaci (Lindeman) were recorded after 24 hrs, 48 hrs, 72 hrs and 07 days of each spray in all the treatments. The pre-treatment count of thrips on okra was non-significant (P > 0.05); while the evaluated efficacy of different insecticides against thrips was significant (P < 0.01). It was noted that all the insecticides showed their highest efficacy after 7 days of spray and acetamiprid 19% weightable water (ww) was more efficient to combat the T. tabaci as compared to other pesticides that produced field efficacy of 73.92 and 74.91% against thrips after 7 days of 1st and 2nd spray respectively. Abamectin, 1.3% ww, was reasonably successful, yielding 53.81 and 56.66% field efficacy against T. tabaci (Lindeman) after 7 days of first and second spray. Also, moderately effective was colarphipare 32% ww, which developed field effectiveness of 56.41 and 61.49% against T. tabaci (Lindeman) after 7 days of first and second spray, respectively.

scholarly journals Evidence-Based Surgical Treatment Algorithm for Unstable Syndesmotic Injuries

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 331
Author(s):  
Markus Regauer ◽  
Gordon Mackay ◽  
Owen Nelson ◽  
Wolfgang Böcker ◽  
Christian Ehrnthaller
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Screw Fixation ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Treatment Algorithm ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Posterior Malleolus ◽  
Anatomic Reduction

Background: Surgical treatment of unstable syndesmotic injuries is not trivial, and there are no generally accepted treatment guidelines. The most common controversies regarding surgical treatment are related to screw fixation versus dynamic fixation, the use of reduction clamps, open versus closed reduction, and the role of the posterior malleolus and of the anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament (AITFL). Our aim was to draw important conclusions from the pertinent literature concerning surgical treatment of unstable syndesmotic injuries, to transform these conclusions into surgical principles supported by the literature, and finally to fuse these principles into an evidence-based surgical treatment algorithm. Methods: PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and the reference lists of systematic reviews of relevant studies dealing with the surgical treatment of unstable syndesmotic injuries were searched independently by two reviewers using specific terms and limits. Surgical principles supported by the literature were fused into an evidence-based surgical treatment algorithm. Results: A total of 171 articles were included for further considerations. Among them, 47 articles concerned syndesmotic screw fixation and 41 flexible dynamic fixations of the syndesmosis. Twenty-five studies compared screw fixation with dynamic fixations, and seven out of these comparisons were randomized controlled trials. Nineteen articles addressed the posterior malleolus, 14 the role of the AITFL, and eight the use of reduction clamps. Anatomic reduction is crucial to prevent posttraumatic osteoarthritis. Therefore, flexible dynamic stabilization techniques should be preferred whenever possible. An unstable AITFL should be repaired and augmented, as it represents an important stabilizer of external rotation of the distal fibula. Conclusions: The current literature provides sufficient arguments for the development of an evidence-based surgical treatment algorithm for unstable syndesmotic injuries.

scholarly journals Evidence-Based Guidelines Should Be Used to Inform COVID-19 Management

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas L. Holland
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Algorithm ◽  
Trial Data ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Recent Commentary ◽  
Quality Trial ◽  
High Quality Trial ◽  
Evidence Based Guidelines

A recent commentary by McCullough (1) includes a recommended COVID treatment algorithm that is outdated and parts of which are contradicted by high quality trial data.…

scholarly journals Behavioral Interventions in Treating Anticipatory Nausea and Vomiting

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colmar Figueroa-Moseley ◽  
Pascal Jean-Pierre ◽  
Joseph A. Roscoe ◽  
Julie L. Ryan ◽  
Sadhna Kohli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Relaxation Training ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Progressive Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Anticipatory Nausea ◽  
Anticipatory Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Chemotherapy Patients ◽  
Type 3

Anticipatory nausea and vomiting (ANV) is associated with a significant reduction in the quality of life for many chemotherapy patients. The use of 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptor antagonists provides some relief for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, but does not seem to control ANV. Nonpharmacologic approaches, which include behavioral interventions, may provide the greatest promise in relieving symptoms. Little evidence supports the use of complementary and alternative methods, such as acupuncture and acupressure, in relieving ANV. Behavioral interventions, especially progressive muscle relaxation training and systematic desensitization, should be considered important methods for preventing and treating ANV.

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