ADHD treatment

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Zuddas ◽  
Tobias Banaschewski ◽  
David Coghill ◽  
Mark A. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Symptom Improvement ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
Stimulant Treatment ◽  
Medication Treatment ◽  
Adhd Treatment ◽  
Adolescents And Adults

Stimulants are effective medications and should be used as one of the main pharmacological options for the management of ADHD in children, adolescents, and adults. They all inhibit catecholamine uptake, but they differ for specific aspects of the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, as well as on efficacy for specific patients. Short-term efficacy in reducing ADHD symptoms is well established, as is the safety profile for these agents. There is increasing evidence that ADHD symptom improvement generally translates or corresponds to improved functioning and quality of life. Stimulant treatment should be based on a comprehensive assessment and diagnosis, including full medical history and physical examination, and it should always be part of a comprehensive treatment plan that includes psychological, behavioural, and educational advice and interventions. Medication treatment should be closely monitored for both common and unusual (but potentially serious) adverse events.

Stimulant treatment for children and adolescents with ADHD - An update on efficacy and safety issues

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 2144-2144
Author(s):  
T. Banaschewski
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Pharmacological Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Pharmacological Management ◽  
Stimulant Treatment ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Group A ◽  
Long Acting

Pharmacological management for children and adolescents with ADHD should be part of a comprehensive treatment plan including psychological, behavioural, and educational advice and interventions. If pharmacological treatment is appropriate, stimulant medications and atomoxetine are the most effective medications for ADHD. The European ADHD Guidelines Group (a panel of ADHD experts from several European countries) has developed guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD and published algorithms on the use of long-acting medications. Recently, the Guidelines Group has conducted a comprehensive review of the published literature on adverse effects of the drugs that are licensed in Europe, and most commonly used, for the treatment of ADHD or hyperkinetic disorder. This presentation will summarize those results and give an update on efficacy and safety issues concerning the pharmacological treatment of children and adolescents with ADHD.

scholarly journals Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Based on Intelligent Electronic Medical Arthroscopy for the Treatment of Varus Knee Osteoarthritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Chunfeng Liu ◽  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Jinlian Liu ◽  
Yaozeng Xu
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Pathological State ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Male Patients

The incidence of inverted knee osteoarthritis is slowly increasing, there are technical limitations in the treatment, and the operation is difficult. In this article, we will study the benefits and costs of arthroscopic cleaning treatments based on intelligent electronic medicine. This article focuses on knee osteoarthritis patients in the EL database. There are 12 male patients, accounting for 66.67%, and 6 female patients, accounting for 33.33%. The average body mass index (BMI) of the patients was 28.08, the average time from first knee discomfort to surgery was 28.44 months, and the average time of arthroscopic debridement treatment for patients with VKOH knee osteoarthritis was 143.11 minutes. One case of perioperative complication occurred within 35 days after operation, which was a soleus muscle intermuscular venous thrombosis. After immobilization and enhanced anticoagulation for 1 week, it was stable without risk of shedding. The average postoperative study time was 20.00 months. The electronic medical arthroscopy cleaning treatment plan in this article can greatly improve the quality of life of patients and can check the pathological state in time, with low cost. In the course of treatment, comprehensive treatment costs can be saved by 45%. Arthroscopic clean-up treatment can not only reduce knee pain and other uncomfortable symptoms, restore normal knee joint function, and improve the quality of life of patients, but also correct the unequal length of the lower limbs, thereby avoiding spinal degeneration caused by knee instability. Therefore, it is the first choice for the treatment of advanced knee osteoarthritis in patients with VKOH.

Pre- and post-harvest processing of medicinal plants

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hakibu Tanko ◽  
Danielle Julie Carrier ◽  
Lijun Duan ◽  
Ed Clausen
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Herbal Product ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Organ Specificity ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
The Usa

Herbal medicine is used worldwide either as a sole treatment method or as part of a comprehensive treatment plan alongside orthodox methods of diagnosis and treatment. A survey reported that, in the USA, nearly one-sixth of women took at least one herbal product in 2000. Despite their widespread use, numerous reports show that the herbal products available to consumers are of variable quality. This disparity in quality of herbal preparations can be attributed to the fact that their production is complicated. To produce high-quality herbal products, attention must be paid to, among others, phytochemical variations due to plant breed, organ specificity, stages of growth, cultivation parameters, contamination by microbial and chemical agents, substitution, adulteration with synthetic drugs, heavy metal contamination, storage and extraction. This review focuses on organ specificity, seasonal variations, the effect of drying and storage, and the extraction of phytochemical constituents. Special emphasis is placed on the four most frequently used herbal products in the USA: echinacea, Ginkgo biloba, ginseng and St John's Wort.

Pharmacological Treatments for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

2007 ◽  
pp. 29-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalya Paykina ◽  
Laurence L. Greenhill ◽  
Jack M. Gorman
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Adverse Event Report ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Stimulant Treatment ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Term Efficacy ◽  
Adolescents And Adults

More than 225 placebo-controlled Type 1 investigations demonstrate that psychostimulants—a group of ethylamines including methylphenidate and amphetamine—are highly effective in reducing core symptoms of childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in preschoolers, school-age children, adolescents, and adults. Approximately 70% of patients respond to these medications in double-blind trials compared with 13% assigned to placebo. Short-term efficacy is more pronounced for behavioral rather than cognitive and learning abnormalities associated with ADHD. The stimulant treatment evidence base has been supplemented by two large multisite randomized controlled trials (RCTs)—the Multimodal Treatment Study of ADHD (MTA Study) and the Preschool ADHD Treatment Study (PATS)—that further support the short-term efficacy in young children. This study, plus the 1998 NIH Consensus Development Conference on ADHD, and the publication of the McMaster Evidence Based Review of ADHD Treatments (Jahad et al., 1999) emphasized the large evidence base supporting the efficacy of stimulant treatments. These medications are now available in long-duration preparations that allow for once-daily oral dosing, and they may even be sprinkled on food to accommodate children who cannot swallow pills. RCTs conducted more recently than 1998 continue to report a few key adverse events associated with stimulants—insomnia, decreased appetite, stomachache, and headache—but have not supported rarer and unexpected problems, such as visual hallucinations, cardiovascular accidents, or sudden unexpected death, reported anecdotally in the Food and Drug Administration’s Adverse Event Report System (AERS) MedWatch. Although these ADHD medications have been shown to retain their efficacy for as long as 14 months, concern remains that the long-term academic and social benefits have not yet been adequately assessed. Other nonstimulant agents for which there is limited evidence of efficacy include atomoxetine, modafinil, the tricyclics, bupropion, clonidine, and venlafaxine.

scholarly journals A Feasibility Study of Moxibustion for Treating Anorexia and Improving Quality of Life in Patients With Metastatic Cancer: A Randomized Sham-Controlled Trial

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju-Hyun Jeon ◽  
Chong-Kwan Cho ◽  
So-Jung Park ◽  
Hwi-Joong Kang ◽  
Kyungmin Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Metastatic Cancer ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
European Organization ◽  
Moxibustion Group

Objective. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility, acceptability, and safety of using moxibustion for treating anorexia and improving quality of life in patients with metastatic cancer. Methods. We conducted a randomized sham-controlled trial of moxibustion. Sixteen patients with metastatic cancer were recruited from Daejeon, South Korea. The patients were randomly placed into a true or a sham moxibustion group and received 10 true or sham moxibustion treatments administered to the abdomen (CV12, CV8, CV4) and legs (ST36) over a 2-week period. Outcome measures included interest in participating in the trial, identification of successful recruitment strategies, the appropriateness of eligibility criteria, and compliance with the treatment plan (ie, attendance at treatment sessions). Clinical outcomes included results of the Functional Assessment of Anorexia/Cachexia Therapy (FAACT), answers on the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer 30-item core quality of life (EORTC QLQ-C30) questionnaires, scores on the visual analogue scale (VAS), and the results from blood tests and a safety evaluation. Results. Moxibustion was an acceptable intervention in patients with metastatic cancer. Compliance with the treatment protocol was high, with 11 patients completing all 10 treatments. No serious adverse events related to moxibustion occurred, but 4 patients in the true moxibustion group reported mild rubefaction, which disappeared in a few hours. Conclusion. This study suggests that moxibustion may be safely used to treat anorexia and improve quality of life in patients with metastatic cancer. However, further research is needed to confirm this result.

Cathartic Effect of Suicide Attempts Not Limited to Depression

Crisis ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Sarfati ◽  
Blandine Bouchaud ◽  
Marie-Christine Hardy-Baylé
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
World Health ◽  
Life Questionnaire ◽  
Short Term

Summary: The cathartic effect of suicide is traditionally defined as the existence of a rapid, significant, and spontaneous decrease in the depressive symptoms of suicide attempters after the act. This study was designed to investigate short-term variations, following a suicide attempt by self-poisoning, of a number of other variables identified as suicidal risk factors: hopelessness, impulsivity, personality traits, and quality of life. Patients hospitalized less than 24 hours after a deliberate (moderate) overdose were presented with the Montgomery-Asberg Depression and Impulsivity Rating Scales, Hopelessness scale, MMPI and World Health Organization's Quality of Life questionnaire (abbreviated versions). They were also asked to complete the same scales and questionnaires 8 days after discharge. The study involved 39 patients, the average interval between initial and follow-up assessment being 13.5 days. All the scores improved significantly, with the exception of quality of life and three out of the eight personality traits. This finding emphasizes the fact that improvement is not limited to depressive symptoms and enables us to identify the relative importance of each studied variable as a risk factor for attempted suicide. The limitations of the study are discussed as well as in particular the nongeneralizability of the sample and setting.

On Being Precarious

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-54
Author(s):  
Deirdre Flynn
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Teaching Research ◽  
Part Time

In this essay, I reflect on my experience of part-time, fixed term, zero-hour, short-term, and unpaid contracts in academia. Precarious contracts are one of the biggest challenges facing our industry as neo-liberal values rule our institutions, impacting our teaching, research, and quality of life.

Boilerplate

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Jane Radin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Jury Trial ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
New Methods ◽  
And Control ◽  
Fine Print

Boilerplate—the fine-print terms and conditions that we become subject to when we click “I agree” online, rent an apartment, or enter an employment contract, for example—pervades all aspects of our modern lives. On a daily basis, most of us accept boilerplate provisions without realizing that should a dispute arise about a purchased good or service, the nonnegotiable boilerplate terms can deprive us of our right to jury trial and relieve providers of responsibility for harm. Boilerplate is the first comprehensive treatment of the problems posed by the increasing use of these terms, demonstrating how their use has degraded traditional notions of consent, agreement, and contract, and sacrificed core rights whose loss threatens the democratic order. This book examines attempts to justify the use of boilerplate provisions by claiming either that recipients freely consent to them or that economic efficiency demands them, and it finds these justifications wanting. It argues that our courts, legislatures, and regulatory agencies have fallen short in their evaluation and oversight of the use of boilerplate clauses. To improve legal evaluation of boilerplate, the book offers a new analytical framework, one that takes into account the nature of the rights affected, the quality of the recipient's consent, and the extent of the use of these terms. It goes on to offer possibilities for new methods of boilerplate evaluation and control, and concludes by discussing positive steps that NGOs, legislators, regulators, courts, and scholars could take to bring about better practices.

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