Coxiella burnetii infections (Q fever)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1257-1262
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Marrie
Keyword(s):  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Serological Testing ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
The Common ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Rats And Mice ◽  
Animal Reservoirs ◽  
Very High

Q fever is a zoonosis caused by Coxiella burnetii, an intracellular Gram-negative spore-forming bacterium, the common animal reservoirs of which are cattle, sheep, and goats. Rats and mice have been implicated as reservoirs in some areas. In French Guiana the three-toed sloth is the reservoir. C. burnetti is trophic for the endometrium and mammary glands of female animals, and during pregnancy the organism reaches very high concentrations in the placenta such that at the time of parturition organisms are aerosolized and contamination of the environment occurs. Inhalation of even one microorganism can result in infection. Diagnosis is confirmed by serological testing: in acute disease antibodies to phase II antigen are higher than those to phase I, whereas the reverse is true in chronic disease.

Coxiella burnetii infections (Q fever)

2010 ◽  
pp. 923-926
Author(s):  
T.J. Marrie
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Large Outbreak ◽  
The Common ◽  
Animal Reservoirs

Q fever is a zoonosis caused by Coxiella burnetii, an intracellular Gram-negative spore-forming bacterium, the common animal reservoirs of which are cattle, sheep, and goats, although in a large outbreak in the Netherlands it appears that rats, Rattus norvegicus and R. rattus, may have played a role in the spread of the condition. ...

scholarly journals Detection of endotoxins with the Limulus test in burned and unburned mice infected with different species of gramnegative bacteria

1975 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Jones ◽  
E. A. Roe ◽  
R. E. Dyster
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Very High ◽  
Limulus Test

SUMMARYThe Limulus test detected endotoxins in the plasma of burned and unburned mice infected with different species of gram-negative bacteria. Individual strains of different species of gram-negative bacteria produced different amounts of endotoxin in the plasma of infected mice. Plasma from mice given lethal infections showed very high concentrations of endotoxin. Low concentrations of endotoxin in the plasma were tolerated by mice but high concentrations were invariably fatal. A polyvalent pseudomonas vaccine reduced endotoxin in the plasma of mice given lethal infections of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

scholarly journals Outbreak of Q fever in Lohra-Rollshausen, Germany, spring 1996

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
O Lyytikaïnen ◽  
T Ziese ◽  
B Schwartländer ◽  
P Matzdorff ◽  
C Kuhnhen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Animal Reservoirs

Q fever is an acute (and sometimes chronic) febrile illness caused by the rickettsial organism Coxiella burnetii. The commonest animal reservoirs for C. burnetiiare cattle, sheep, and goats. Infected animals shed the organisms, which resist desiccation, i

scholarly journals Bovine abortion caused by Coxiella burnetii: report of a cluster of cases in Uruguay and review of the literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 634-639
Author(s):  
Melissa Macías-Rioseco ◽  
Franklin Riet-Correa ◽  
Myrna M. Miller ◽  
Kerry Sondgeroth ◽  
Martin Fraga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
The Other ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gross Lesions ◽  
Bovine Abortion

A cluster of 4 bovine abortions caused by Coxiella burnetii occurred in a dairy herd in Uruguay during a 2-mo period. Case 1 consisted of a placenta from an aborted cow; cases 2–4 were fetuses and their placentas. Grossly, the placenta from one aborted cow had moderate, diffuse reddening of the cotyledons and loss of translucency of the intercotyledonary areas. No gross lesions were observed in the other 3 placentas. Microscopically, 2 of 4 placentas had fibrinonecrotizing placentitis with abundant intratrophoblastic gram-negative coccobacilli. C. burnetii was identified intralesionally by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in all 4 placentas, and by PCR and DNA sequencing in 3 placentas analyzed by these techniques. One fetus had mild neutrophilic alveolitis with multinucleate syncytial cells; no gross or microscopic lesions were observed in the other 2 fetuses examined. The lungs of the 3 fetuses were negative for C. burnetii by IHC. Tests performed to investigate other possible causes of abortions in the 4 cases were negative. C. burnetii causes Q fever in humans and coxiellosis in animals. Clusters of abortions in cattle by C. burnetii have not been reported previously, to our knowledge; this bacterium has been considered an opportunistic pathogen associated only with sporadic abortion in cattle. We present herein a cluster of 4 bovine abortions caused by C. burnetii in a dairy farm during a period of 2 mo and a review of the literature on C. burnetii infection in cattle.

Hormone-stimulated glycogenolysis in isolated goldfish hepatocytes

1976 ◽  
Vol 231 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Birnbaum ◽  
J Schultz ◽  
JN Fain
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Blocking Agent ◽  
Ionophore A23187 ◽  
Bacterial Collagenase ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Cyclic Amp Accumulation ◽  
The Common ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Very High

Hepatocytes isolated from the liver of the common goldfish Carassius auratus L. with crude bacterial collagenase maintained ATP levels for at least 2 h. Glycogenolysis was maximally activated by 1 X 10(-6) M epinephrine and 5.8 X 10(-9) M glucagon. In liver cells incubated in calcium-free buffer containing 1 mM ethylene glycol-bis-(beta-aminoethylether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid, basal glycogenolysis was enhanced by the addition of 1-4 mM calcium but the elevation of cyclic AMP and glycogenolysis due to epinephrine was unaffected by calcium. The divalent cation ionophore A23187 did not alter basal or hormone-stimulated glycogenolysis. Isoproterenol was approximately as potent as epinephrine but phenylephrine was glycogenolytic only at very high concentrations. l-Propranolol competitively inhibited the increased glycogenolysis due to catecholamines but phentolamine was ineffective as a blocking agent. Isoproterenol and epinephrine stimulated glycogenolysis at lower concentrations than those required to elevate cyclic AMP accumulation. Phenylephrine was without effect on cyclic AMP. Propranolol competitively inhibited both epinephrine- and isoproterenol-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation, but phentolamine did not block either response. Catecholamine-stimulated glycogenolysis in goldfish liver is apparently a beta-adrenergic effect. However, low concentrations of epinephrine enhance glycogenolysis without affecting total cyclic AMP.

scholarly journals DIAGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF ANTIBODIES SPECTRUM TO COXIELLA BURNETII IN I AND II PHASES

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 165-171
Author(s):  
Tatiana A. Chekanova ◽  
S. N. Shpynov ◽  
S. Zh. Netalieva ◽  
M. A. Babaeva
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infection ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Serological Markers ◽  
Serological Testing ◽  
Diagnostic Significance ◽  
Acute Respiratory Viral Infection ◽  
Acute Q Fever

The article discusses the results of a retrospective study for the presence of Coxiellosis serological markers in 723 blood sera from 537 febrile patients hospitalized in May-September 2015 in the regional infectious hospital in the Astrakhan region. Blood sera were screened by ELISA for the presence of IgG and IgM to II phase Coxiella burnetii (IgG II and IgM II, respectively). Samples, containing IgG II, wear detected IgG to I phase C. burnetii (IgG I). 92 seropositive C. burnetii patients (including 15 children’s) were identified. Characteristics of the antibody profiles in this study (IgG II, IgG II + IgM II, IgG II + IgG I, IgG II + IgM II + IgG I, IgM II) and their titers were given. The clinical picture is typical for acute infectious diseases was more often noted (diagnoses - acute respiratory disease / acute respiratory viral infection, adenovirus infection, Astrakhan spotted fever, coxiellosis) at spectrum detecting IgM II, IgM II + IgG II or IgG II (1: 800-1: 1600 titters). The «unknown etiology viral infection» diagnosis was more common among adults with any possible antibodies spectrum. Diagnostic criteria of acute Q fever and chronic coxsiellosis are discussed in the context of the serological testing results.

Q fever

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Marrie
Keyword(s):  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Domestic Animal ◽  
Susceptible Animal ◽  
Animal Models Of Disease ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Models Of Disease ◽  
In Pregnancy

Q fever is a wide spread illness affecting wild and domestic animals and man. The etiological agent Coxiella burnetii, has both a wild life and domestic animal cycle. In mammals, infection localizes to the endometrium and the mammary glands. The organism is reactivated during pregnancy reaching high concentrations in the placenta. At the time of parturition the organism is aerosolized. Inhalation of Coxiella burnetii by a susceptible animal results in Q fever. In man, Q fever may be acute (self limited febrile illness, pneumonia, hepatitis) or chronic (mostly endocarditis, but also osteomyelitis, endovascular infection, hepatitis [can be both acute and chronic] and Q fever in pregnancy). Abortion and stillbirth are manifestations of Q fever in domestic animals and in animal models of disease (such as a mouse model of Q fever in pregnancy ). A vaccine is available for abattoir workers, veterinarians and others at high risk for acquiring Q fever.

scholarly journals DIAGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF ANTIBODIES SPECTRUM TO COXIELLA BURNETII IN I AND II PHASES

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 165-171
Author(s):  
Tatiana A. Chekanova ◽  
S. N. Shpynov ◽  
S. Zh. Netalieva ◽  
M. A. Babaeva
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infection ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Serological Markers ◽  
Serological Testing ◽  
Diagnostic Significance ◽  
Acute Respiratory Viral Infection ◽  
Acute Q Fever

The article discusses the results of a retrospective study for the presence of Coxiellosis serological markers in 723 blood sera from 537 febrile patients hospitalized in May-September 2015 in the regional infectious hospital in the Astrakhan region. Blood sera were screened by ELISA for the presence of IgG and IgM to II phase Coxiella burnetii (IgG II and IgM II, respectively). Samples, containing IgG II, wear detected IgG to I phase C. burnetii (IgG I). 92 seropositive C. burnetii patients (including 15 children’s) were identified. Characteristics of the antibody profiles in this study (IgG II, IgG II + IgM II, IgG II + IgG I, IgG II + IgM II + IgG I, IgM II) and their titers were given. The clinical picture is typical for acute infectious diseases was more often noted (diagnoses - acute respiratory disease / acute respiratory viral infection, adenovirus infection, Astrakhan spotted fever, coxiellosis) at spectrum detecting IgM II, IgM II + IgG II or IgG II (1: 800-1: 1600 titters). The «unknown etiology viral infection» diagnosis was more common among adults with any possible antibodies spectrum. Diagnostic criteria of acute Q fever and chronic coxsiellosis are discussed in the context of the serological testing results.

The metachor as a characteristic of the association of electrolytes in aqueous solutions

1984 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 1061-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Čeleda ◽  
Stanislav Škramovský
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Apparent Volume ◽  
Solutions Of Electrolytes ◽  
Molal Volumes ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Suitable Characteristic ◽  
Association Of Ions ◽  
Very High

Based on the earlier paper introducing a concept of the apparent parachor of a solute in the solution, we have eliminated in the present work algebraically the effect which is introduced into this quantity by the additivity of the apparent molal volumes. The difference remaining from the apparent parachor after substracting the contribution corresponding to the apparent volume ( for which the present authors suggest the name metachor) was evaluated from the experimental values of the surface tension of aqueous solutions for a set of 1,1-, 1,2- and 2,1-valent electrolytes. This difference showed to be independent of concentration up to the very high values of the order of units mol dm-3 but it was directly proportional to the number of the free charges (with a proportionality factor 5 ± 1 cm3 mol-1 identical for all studied electrolytes). The metachor can be, for this reason, a suitable characteristic for detection of the association of ions and formation of complexes in the solutions of electrolytes, up to high concentrations where other methods are failing.

scholarly journals Nitrification Process in a Nuclear Wastewater with High Load of Nitrogen, Uranium and Organic Matter under ORP Controlled

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1607
Author(s):  
Mariano Venturini ◽  
Ariana Rossen ◽  
Patricia Silva Paulo
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
High Load ◽  
Nuclear Fuels ◽  
Monod Model ◽  
Nernst Equation ◽  
Nitrification Process ◽  
Real Wastewater ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
Very High

To produce nuclear fuels, it is necessary to convert uranium′s ore into UO2-ceramic grade, using several quantities of kerosene, methanol, nitric acid, ammonia, and, in low level, tributyl phosphate (TBP). Thus, the effluent generated by nuclear industries is one of the most toxic since it contains high concentrations of dangerous compounds. This paper explores biological parameters on real nuclear wastewater by the Monod model in an ORP controlled predicting the specific ammonia oxidation. Thermodynamic parameters were established using the Nernst equation to monitor Oxiders/Reductors relationship to obtain a correlation of these parameters to controlling and monitoring; that would allow technical operators to have better control of the nitrification process. The real nuclear effluent is formed by a mixture of two different lines of discharges, one composed of a high load of nitrogen, around 11,000 mg/L (N-NH4+-N-NO3−) and 600 mg/L Uranium, a second one, proceeds from uranium purification, containing TBP and COD that have to be removed. Bioprocesses were operated on real wastewater samples over 120 days under controlled ORP, as described by Nernst equations, which proved to be a robust tool to operate nitrification for larger periods with a very high load of nitrogen, uranium, and COD.

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