Coxiella burnetii infections (Q fever)

2010 ◽  
pp. 923-926
Author(s):  
T.J. Marrie
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Large Outbreak ◽  
The Common ◽  
Animal Reservoirs

Q fever is a zoonosis caused by Coxiella burnetii, an intracellular Gram-negative spore-forming bacterium, the common animal reservoirs of which are cattle, sheep, and goats, although in a large outbreak in the Netherlands it appears that rats, Rattus norvegicus and R. rattus, may have played a role in the spread of the condition. ...

Coxiella burnetii infections (Q fever)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1257-1262
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Marrie
Keyword(s):  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Serological Testing ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
The Common ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Rats And Mice ◽  
Animal Reservoirs ◽  
Very High

Q fever is a zoonosis caused by Coxiella burnetii, an intracellular Gram-negative spore-forming bacterium, the common animal reservoirs of which are cattle, sheep, and goats. Rats and mice have been implicated as reservoirs in some areas. In French Guiana the three-toed sloth is the reservoir. C. burnetti is trophic for the endometrium and mammary glands of female animals, and during pregnancy the organism reaches very high concentrations in the placenta such that at the time of parturition organisms are aerosolized and contamination of the environment occurs. Inhalation of even one microorganism can result in infection. Diagnosis is confirmed by serological testing: in acute disease antibodies to phase II antigen are higher than those to phase I, whereas the reverse is true in chronic disease.

scholarly journals Outbreak of Q fever in Lohra-Rollshausen, Germany, spring 1996

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
O Lyytikaïnen ◽  
T Ziese ◽  
B Schwartländer ◽  
P Matzdorff ◽  
C Kuhnhen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Animal Reservoirs

Q fever is an acute (and sometimes chronic) febrile illness caused by the rickettsial organism Coxiella burnetii. The commonest animal reservoirs for C. burnetiiare cattle, sheep, and goats. Infected animals shed the organisms, which resist desiccation, i

scholarly journals Detection of Coxiella burnetii DNA in the environment during and after a large Q fever epidemic in the Netherlands

2013 ◽  
Vol 114 (5) ◽  
pp. 1395-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. de Bruin ◽  
I. Janse ◽  
M. Koning ◽  
L. de Heer ◽  
R.Q.J. van der Plaats ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Q Fever

scholarly journals Q fever in humans and farm animals in four European countries, 1982 to 2010

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Georgiev ◽  
A Afonso ◽  
H Neubauer ◽  
Howard Needham ◽  
R Thiéry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Large Range ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Large Outbreak ◽  
History Of

Q fever is a disease of humans, caused by Coxiella burnetii, and a large range of animals can be infected. This paper presents a review of the epidemiology of Q fever in humans and farm animals between 1982 and 2010, using case studies from four European countries (Bulgaria, France, Germany and the Netherlands). The Netherlands had a large outbreak between 2007 and 2010, and the other countries a history of Q fever and Q fever research. Within all four countries, the serological prevalence of C. burnetii infection and reported incidence of Q fever varies broadly in both farm animals and humans. Proximity to farm animals and contact with infected animals or their birth products have been identified as the most important risk factors for human disease. Intrinsic farm factors, such as production systems and management, influence the number of outbreaks in an area. A number of disease control options have been used in these four countries, including measures to increase diagnostic accuracy and general awareness, and actions to reduce spill-over (of infection from farm animals to humans) and human exposure. This study highlights gaps in knowledge, and future research needs.

scholarly journals Bovine abortion caused by Coxiella burnetii: report of a cluster of cases in Uruguay and review of the literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 634-639
Author(s):  
Melissa Macías-Rioseco ◽  
Franklin Riet-Correa ◽  
Myrna M. Miller ◽  
Kerry Sondgeroth ◽  
Martin Fraga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
The Other ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gross Lesions ◽  
Bovine Abortion

A cluster of 4 bovine abortions caused by Coxiella burnetii occurred in a dairy herd in Uruguay during a 2-mo period. Case 1 consisted of a placenta from an aborted cow; cases 2–4 were fetuses and their placentas. Grossly, the placenta from one aborted cow had moderate, diffuse reddening of the cotyledons and loss of translucency of the intercotyledonary areas. No gross lesions were observed in the other 3 placentas. Microscopically, 2 of 4 placentas had fibrinonecrotizing placentitis with abundant intratrophoblastic gram-negative coccobacilli. C. burnetii was identified intralesionally by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in all 4 placentas, and by PCR and DNA sequencing in 3 placentas analyzed by these techniques. One fetus had mild neutrophilic alveolitis with multinucleate syncytial cells; no gross or microscopic lesions were observed in the other 2 fetuses examined. The lungs of the 3 fetuses were negative for C. burnetii by IHC. Tests performed to investigate other possible causes of abortions in the 4 cases were negative. C. burnetii causes Q fever in humans and coxiellosis in animals. Clusters of abortions in cattle by C. burnetii have not been reported previously, to our knowledge; this bacterium has been considered an opportunistic pathogen associated only with sporadic abortion in cattle. We present herein a cluster of 4 bovine abortions caused by C. burnetii in a dairy farm during a period of 2 mo and a review of the literature on C. burnetii infection in cattle.

scholarly journals Genotypic Diversity of Coxiella burnetii in the 2007-2010 Q Fever Outbreak Episodes in The Netherlands

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 1076-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. H. C. Tilburg ◽  
J. W. A. Rossen ◽  
E. J. van Hannen ◽  
W. J. G. Melchers ◽  
M. H. A. Hermans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Genotypic Diversity

A One Health Perspective on Q Fever

2019 ◽  
pp. 174-194
Author(s):  
Rita Cruz ◽  
Carmen Vasconcelos-Nobrega ◽  
Fernando Esteves ◽  
Catarina Coelho ◽  
Ana Sofia Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
One Health ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Veterinary Public Health ◽  
Human Infections

Q fever is a worldwide zoonotic infectious disease caused by Coxiella burnetii and ruminants, namely, cattle, sheep, and goats, are known to be the main reservoir for human infection. C. burnetii infection in animals can result in epizootic abortions which are often associated with vast bacteria shedding in birth fluids and placentas. Human infections mainly occur in persons handling infected animals and their products. Here the authors describe the history, bacteriology, biosafety, and epidemiology of Q fever, now known to be a serious threat to veterinary public health.

OBSERVATIONS ON THE THERMAL INACTIVATION OF THE ORGANISM OF Q FEVER IN MILK.1

1956 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 313-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Enright ◽  
W. W. Sadler ◽  
R. C. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Thermal Inactivation ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Minimum Standard ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Sources Of Infection ◽  
The Times

Q Fever is an infectious disease of man. Cattle, sheep and goats, who for the most part suffer inapparent infections with the organism, are the important sources of infection for man. These animals shed the organism in their milk. This manuscript reports on the cooperative studies designed to determine the times and temperatures needed to eliminate the causative rickettsiae, Coxiella burnetii, from cows milk. It is reported that the present minimum standard of pasteurization by the vat method of 143° F. for 30 minutes is inadequate, but the temperature of 145° F. for 30 minutes will eliminate the organism. The pasteurization of milk according to the present standards for HTST equipment of 161° F. for 15 seconds seems adequate to destroy C. burnetii.

Coxiella burnetii infection among blood donors during the 2009 Q-fever outbreak in the Netherlands

Transfusion ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris M. Hogema ◽  
Ed Slot ◽  
Michel Molier ◽  
Peter M. Schneeberger ◽  
Mirjam H. Hermans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Q Fever
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