Complications of head injury

2019 ◽  
pp. 521-530
Author(s):  
Fardad T. Afshari ◽  
Antonio Belli ◽  
Peter C Whitfield
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Older People ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Late Complications ◽  
Neuronal Tissue

Traumatic brain injury is a potentially devastating condition that affects many young adults and is increasingly seen in older people. In addition to initial insult to the neuronal tissue at the time injury, patients with traumatic brain injury may suffer from many physical and psychological complications. These complications further protract the path of recovery and pose challenges in treatment of this group of patients. In this chapter we aim to discuss early and late phase complications following traumatic brain injury and summarize the role of neurorehabilitation in the care of patients with head injury, with the understanding that classification by timing is an inexact science and there is considerable overlap between early and late complications.

Neuropsychiatric Sequelae of Stroke and Traumatic Brain Injury: The Role of Psychostimulants

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn F. Kraus
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Treatment Choice ◽  
Clinical Usefulness ◽  
Cognitive Symptoms ◽  
General Review

Objective: The primary purpose of this article is to review certain neuropsychiatric sequelae of stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI), and the role of the psychostimulants methylphenidate (MPD) and dextroamphetamine (DAMP) in their treatment. Method: A general review of the topic is presented. Controlled and uncontrolled studies involving the use of the psychostimulants are discussed. These consist of 11 studies listed with Medline 2000 that deal specifically with stroke or head injury, with the oldest study reviewed dating back to 1984. Studies concerning the use of psychostimulants in the medically or neurologically ill are reviewed to the extent that they are pertinent. Results: The current literature consists primarily of uncontrolled case studies. However, these are reviewed and found to suggest a role for the use of the psychostimulants, which is discussed. Conclusions: In general, these drugs appear to be a reasonable treatment choice for certain types of mood, behavior, and cognitive symptoms following brain injury. However, it is noted that larger scale controlled studies are needed to adequately assess the clinical usefulness of these drugs.

scholarly journals Role of Citicoline in the Management of Traumatic Brain Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 410
Author(s):  
Julio J. Secades
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Brain Ischemia ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Excellent Safety Profile ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Recovery Of Consciousness

Head injury is among the most devastating types of injury, specifically called Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). There is a need to diminish the morbidity related with TBI and to improve the outcome of patients suffering TBI. Among the improvements in the treatment of TBI, neuroprotection is one of the upcoming improvements. Citicoline has been used in the management of brain ischemia related disorders, such as TBI. Citicoline has biochemical, pharmacological, and pharmacokinetic characteristics that make it a potentially useful neuroprotective drug for the management of TBI. A short review of these characteristics is included in this paper. Moreover, a narrative review of almost all the published or communicated studies performed with this drug in the management of patients with head injury is included. Based on the results obtained in these clinical studies, it is possible to conclude that citicoline is able to accelerate the recovery of consciousness and to improve the outcome of this kind of patient, with an excellent safety profile. Thus, citicoline could have a potential role in the management of TBI.

scholarly journals Role of Citicoline in the Management of Traumatic Brain Injury

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio J Secades
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Brain Ischemia ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Excellent Safety Profile ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Recovery Of Consciousness

Head injury is among the most devastating types of injury, specifically called Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). There is need to diminish the morbidity related with TBI and to improve the outcome of patients suffering TBI. Among the improvements on the treatment of TBI, neuroprotection is one of the upcoming improvements. Citicoline has been used in the management of brain ischemia related disorders, such as TBI. Citicoline has biochemical, pharmacological, and pharmacokinetic characteristics that make it a potentially useful neuroprotective drug for the management of TBI. A short review of these characteristics is included in this paper. Also, a narrative review of almost all the published or communicated studies performed with this drug in the management of patients with head injury is included. Based on the results obtained in these clinical studies, it is possible to conclude that citicoline was able to accelerate recovery of consciousness and to improve the outcome of this kind of patients, with an excellent safety profile. Thus, citicoline could have a potential role in the management of TBI.

Role of Computerized Tomography as Prime Imaging Modality in the Evaluation of Traumatic Brain Injury

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Sagar Tyagi ◽  
Atul Mehrotra ◽  
Pradeep Parakh ◽  
Parveen Hans
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Computerized Tomography ◽  
Multidetector Ct ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Craniocerebral Trauma ◽  
Traumatic Head Injury

ABSTRACT Introduction Trauma is the most common worldwide cause of death and disability in young adults. Neurotrauma is one of the most frequent indications for emergent neuroimaging because imaging plays such a key role in patient triage and management. Aims and objectives (1) To assess the role of computed tomography (CT) in patients with traumatic head injury. (2) To localize trauma to a particular extraaxial and intraaxial compartment and to delineate various spectrum of hemorrhages that occur in craniocerebral trauma with the aid of CT. (3) To evaluate the value of early CT imaging with patient prognosis. Materials and methods This is a prospective study carried out in 100 patients with traumatic brain injury, referred to the Department of Radiodiagnosis, Rohilkhand Medical College & Hospital, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India, for CT scan during a period of 1 year. The patients were scanned using GE Bright Speed 16-Slice multidetector CT. Conclusion Computed tomography is the single-most informative diagnostic modality in the evaluation of a patient with a head injury and should be considered the first imaging of choice in acute head injury as it forms the cornerstone for rapid and effective diagnosis. How to cite this article Hans P, Mehrotra A, Kumar P, Agarwal M, Kumar L, Parakh P, Tyagi S. Role of Computerized Tomography as Prime Imaging Modality in the Evaluation of Traumatic Brain Injury. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2017;2(1):17-23.

scholarly journals Traumatic Brain Injury

2002 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 679-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Finnie ◽  
P. C. Blumbergs
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Different Types

Animal models have played a critical role in elucidating the complex pathogenesis of traumatic brain injury, the major cause of death and disability in young adults in Western countries. This review discusses how different types of animal models are useful for the study of neuropathologic processes in traumatic, blunt, nonmissile head injury.

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