Dry skin disorders

2020 ◽  
pp. 403-416
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Sign ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Skin Disorders ◽  
Dry Skin ◽  
Netherton Syndrome ◽  
Collodion Baby ◽  
Harlequin Ichthyosis ◽  
The Common ◽  
Scaly Skin ◽  
Recessive Ichthyosis

This chapter on dry skin disorders describes a range of mainly genetic dermatoses whose predominant feature is dry scaly skin. It excludes conditions such as eczema where dry skin is a secondary clinical sign. The underlying mechanism of dry scaly skin is briefly discussed and an algorithm points to possible diagnoses. The focus is on the genetic ichthyoses, defined as congenital, lifelong, generalized dry and scaly skin. The common ichthyoses are non-inflammatory (ichthyosis vulgaris and X-linked recessive ichthyosis) but there are several inflammatory ichthyoses, some associated with fragile skin (blistering) and several with multisystem complications, such as Netherton syndrome. Salient features of each are reviewed with illustrations of selected cases and management is outlined. Two important neonatal presentations, collodion baby and harlequin ichthyosis, are described.

Can a replacing sponsor benefit?

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 2481-2500 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Anthony Carrillat ◽  
Reinhard Grohs
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Intentions ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Randomized Experiments ◽  
Altruistic Motive ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Consumer Responses ◽  
Sponsorship Effectiveness ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose This paper aims to examine the common situation where the sponsor of an event is replaced and the impact of this situation on consumers’ behavioral intentions toward the new sponsor. Design/methodology/approach An original conceptual framework was developed to account for consumers’ reactions toward a new sponsor in the context of a sponsorship change, depending on whether the former and new sponsors are competitors, the duration of the relationship between the former sponsor and the event (tenure length), and the level of congruence between the new and the former sponsor and the event. This framework, based on consumer motive attributions, was tested by means of three completely randomized experiments. Findings The results of the first experiment show that if the former and new sponsors are competitors, consumers’ behavioral intentions toward the new sponsor are more positive if the former sponsor’s tenure duration was short. When the former and the new sponsors are not competitors, the former sponsor’s tenure duration does not impact behavioral intentions. The second experiment demonstrates that consumers’ altruistic motive attributions are the underlying mechanism that explains these effects. Finally, the third experiment identifies a boundary condition, that is, these effects occur only if the new and the former sponsor are congruent with the sponsored property. Research limitations/implications This research has not considered the situation where the former and new sponsors have different levels of congruence with the event (e.g. when the former sponsor is congruent but the new sponsor is incongruent with the event) and has examined only sponsorship tenure durations of one versus 15 years. Practical implications Sponsorship managers learn that replacing a sponsor that was supporting the event for a short rather than a long period of time is more beneficial, but only if replacing a competitor that is congruent with the sponsored property. The reason is that such a replacement triggers more altruistic motive attributions compared with contexts where the former sponsor is not a competitor or incongruent with the sponsored property. Suggestions of sponsorship activation strategies known to increase perceptions of altruism are provided to enhance sponsorship effectiveness for new sponsors. Originality/value This study is the first to look at how consumer responses to a new sponsor vary depending on the former sponsor’s tenure length, competitor status and event congruency.

HI (HARLEQUIN ICHTHYOSIS) BABY

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-11
Author(s):  
Dipankar Maiti ◽  
Shreyasi Hui ◽  
Triyasha Adhikary ◽  
Soumik Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Rare Type ◽  
Early Intubation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Harlequin Ichthyosis ◽  
Free Environment ◽  
Lipid Transporter ◽  
Scaly Skin ◽  
Electrolyte Abnormalities

HI is a very rare type of genetical abnormality but can be seen and scared by seeing various social media footages. It is associated with deletion and truncation mutations of a keratinocyte lipid transporter. Harlequin disorder is categorized by diffuse epidermal hyperkeratinization along with defective desquamation. During birth, the HI phenotype is conspicuous with thick hyperkeratotic plate-like scales with deep dermal ssures, severe ectropion and eclabium, among other ndings. In this ichthyosis marked eclabium and ectropion are present secondary to the taut as well as in the unyielding skin. The ears may be inattentive, absent or poorly developed. Even the arms, feet, and digits have exion contractures and may be hypoplastic. The skin wall is harshly compromised, leading to undue water loss, causes electrolyte abnormalities, temperature alteration and an increased risk of deadly infection. Some of the primary treatments are smearing retinoids application for shedding the hard and scaly skin, topical antibiotics application can prevent infection, insertion an ET tube in the airway to assistance with breathing, applying lubricating eye drops or protective devices on the eyes. Following ongoing treatment like humidied incubator (for premature infants), continuous monitoring of TPR and SpO2, early intubation(optional), frequent cultures of the skin should be taken for lab testing, monitoring serum electrolyte levels, maintaining a germ-free environment to evade infection etc.

EVALUATION OF THE EFFICACY OF DADRU VIDRAVANA MALAHARA IN DA-DRU KUSHTA- A RANDOMISED CONTROLLED CLINICAL STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 3858-3862
Author(s):  
Nidhin V S ◽  
Zenica D’souza
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Clinical Study ◽  
Local Application ◽  
Treatment Concept ◽  
Skin Disorders ◽  
Skin Manifestations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Common ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Controlled Clinical Study

Skin disorders are one among the common manifestations. Normally, 10-15% of the general practitioner’s encounter patients with skin disorders. Ayurveda covers a number of skin manifestations under Kushta Roga. Dadru is one among Kshudra Kushta. It is identified by symptoms such as Kandu, DeerghaPratana, Utsanna, Mandala, Raaga, Pidaka with predominance of Pitta Kapha Dosha. It can be correlated with Tinea infection. Being a Twak Vikara, Bahirparimarjana Chikitsa like Lepadhi treatments plays an im-portant role in the treatment of Kushta including Dadru Kushta. Present study was conducted on 60 diag-nosed patients of Dadru Kushta who were randomly allocated with 30 each in two groups. Dadru Vidra-vana Malahara was given for local application in one group and Gandhaka Malahara, a widely used for-mulation in clinical practice was given for local application in another group. These local applications were advised for a duration of 7 days for under the treatment concept of Lepa. The ingredients of which are the drugs processing Shodana and Kushtahara property. The data was collected from patients at baseline,4th day and 8th day (on completion). Assessment was based on KASI method of grading, number of lesions, perimeter of each lesion, pidaka (present or absent). The results of the study showed that, a statistically significant difference was not seen between the effect of Dadru Vidravana Malahara and Gandhaka Malahara in Dadru Kushta.

Atlantic Zonal Mode-Monsoon teleconnection in CMIP6 Models

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabeerali Cherumadanakadan Thelliyil ◽  
Ravindran Ajayamohan ◽  
Praveen Veluthedathekuzhiyil
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Monsoon Rainfall ◽  
Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall ◽  
Central India ◽  
Seasonal Prediction ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Summer Monsoon Rainfall ◽  
Coupled Models ◽  
The Common

<p>Atlantic Zonal Mode (AZM) and Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) are known to have an inverse relationship, which means that the cold (warm) phases of AZM result in strong (weak) ISMR. The realistic simulation of AZM and its teleconnection with ISMR in coupled models is important for the better seasonal prediction of ISMR. Here, we evaluated the performance of 26 CMIP6 models in simulating the AZM-ISMR teleconnection using 40 years of historical simulations. The skill of most CMIP6 models in simulating the teleconnection between AZM and ISMR is poor. Out of the 26 models analyzed, only 10 models show the correct sign of AZM related rainfall response over central India. The underlying mechanism responsible for the models' failure in capturing AZM-teleconnection is studied using the large-scale dynamical/thermodynamical variables. By choosing a set of good and bad models we unravel the common biases responsible for the wrong teleconnection between AZM-ISMR. This study highlights the importance of correcting AZM‐ISMR teleconnection in climate models for better seasonal monsoon prediction.</p>

Dermatological treatments

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-46
Keyword(s):  
Skin Disease ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Calcineurin Inhibitors ◽  
Body Site ◽  
Topical Corticosteroids ◽  
The Common ◽  
Topical Treatments ◽  
Skin Conditions ◽  
Scaly Skin ◽  
Systemic Therapies

Dermatological treatments cover the common topical treatments, including emollients, corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, keratolytics, and psoriasis products, as well as adverse reactions to topical treatments and an overview of phototherapy (ultraviolet light) and systemic therapies for severe skin disease in children. A summary of the different bases used for topical medicaments is explained. The different potency of topical corticosteroids and which to choose based on body site and severity of inflammation is discussed, as well as appropriate quantities to use. A useful list of available preparations is included. Topical treatments for psoriasis are reviewed. Emollients for dry and scaly skin conditions are discussed and a list of common preparations in order of greasiness is included. Sunscreen options are explained and adverse reactions to topical therapies included. An overview of bandages used for wet wraps is summarized. There is a summary of the more commonly used systemic therapies for severe skin disease in children, including a brief mention of the use of biologics.

Management of Pruritus

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 384-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferhat Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Skin Disorders ◽  
Dry Skin ◽  
Lichen Simplex Chronicus ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Underlying Disease Process

Pruritus, or itch, is a common sensation that causes a person to want to scratch. It is a complex process that commonly occurs with skin disorders such as xerotic eczema, atopic dermatitis and urticaria. It may also be related to an underlying disease process such as cholestasis or hyperthyroidism or simply be caused by dry skin, especially in the cold. Effective treatment of pruritus can prevent scratch-induced complications such as lichen simplex chronicus and impetigo. Therapy is often aimed at eliminating the underlying cause first, followed by the management of the itchy sensation.

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