Assessment of Young People’s Motivation for Pursuit of Higher Degree in the Field of Education: Implications for Educational Philosophy and Teacher Policy in Nigeria

This study assesses students’ motivation for the pursuit of higher degree in the field of Education. Due to their current low-income status (mean value of less than $2 day) and their desired income (mean value of $500 per day) 10 years after acquiring the degree, it is instructive and tractable to examine the income effect of their motivation. Their current low-income status suggests that they are on the average, meeting basic needs such as food and clothing. In addition, their desired income suggests that they desire to possibly move up the zenith of the hierarchies of need. Thus, current income, desired income, choice to work in the educational sector, intended career destination, and (revealed) altruistic motive for teaching in primary and secondary schools after moving up in the ladder of needs were measures of motivation and dependent variables. Ordinary least squares (OLS) and discrete choice models were estimated to identify the determinants of these measures. Results show that very few students had wanted to study Education at undergraduate level. Motivation for their enrolment in postgraduate education, however, is apparently pecuniary and essentially market driven. Most of the students preferred high-paying professions within the education sector—lectureship positions in the tertiary institutions, influencing policies as politicians and political appointees, and running educational businesses. Although, a few students intended to teach in future at the basic level, primary and secondary levels, most of them possess altruistic motives to teach, that is, to mentor students.

Can a replacing sponsor benefit?

Purpose This paper aims to examine the common situation where the sponsor of an event is replaced and the impact of this situation on consumers’ behavioral intentions toward the new sponsor. Design/methodology/approach An original conceptual framework was developed to account for consumers’ reactions toward a new sponsor in the context of a sponsorship change, depending on whether the former and new sponsors are competitors, the duration of the relationship between the former sponsor and the event (tenure length), and the level of congruence between the new and the former sponsor and the event. This framework, based on consumer motive attributions, was tested by means of three completely randomized experiments. Findings The results of the first experiment show that if the former and new sponsors are competitors, consumers’ behavioral intentions toward the new sponsor are more positive if the former sponsor’s tenure duration was short. When the former and the new sponsors are not competitors, the former sponsor’s tenure duration does not impact behavioral intentions. The second experiment demonstrates that consumers’ altruistic motive attributions are the underlying mechanism that explains these effects. Finally, the third experiment identifies a boundary condition, that is, these effects occur only if the new and the former sponsor are congruent with the sponsored property. Research limitations/implications This research has not considered the situation where the former and new sponsors have different levels of congruence with the event (e.g. when the former sponsor is congruent but the new sponsor is incongruent with the event) and has examined only sponsorship tenure durations of one versus 15 years. Practical implications Sponsorship managers learn that replacing a sponsor that was supporting the event for a short rather than a long period of time is more beneficial, but only if replacing a competitor that is congruent with the sponsored property. The reason is that such a replacement triggers more altruistic motive attributions compared with contexts where the former sponsor is not a competitor or incongruent with the sponsored property. Suggestions of sponsorship activation strategies known to increase perceptions of altruism are provided to enhance sponsorship effectiveness for new sponsors. Originality/value This study is the first to look at how consumer responses to a new sponsor vary depending on the former sponsor’s tenure length, competitor status and event congruency.

BAGAIMANA REAKSI INVESTOR TERHADAP CORPORATE SOSIAL DISCLOSURE (CSD)? (Studi pada Perusahaan Pemenang Indonesia Most Trusted Companies Award)

<h5><em>Companies carrying out CSR activities can be grouped into three motives, such as: financial motive, ethical motive and altruistic motive. These three motives are the foundation of the company in planning their CSR activities each year. Each motive course has a purpose that has a good impact on the economic and social aspects of the company. A good corporate image ultimately gained public’s trust and will have a positive effect on the financial side of the company and the company's stock.</em></h5><h5><em>This research will focus on CSR disclosure (CSD) based on company’s motive and check its effect on company's financial performance based on market measurement, seen from investor reaction proxied with stock return. This study uses 56 company annual reports from 2013 to 2016, listed in the "Indonesia Most Trusted Companies Awards" which are fully published in 2014 until 2017 by SWA Magazine.</em></h5><h5><em>The method of statistical analysis in this study using moderated regression analysis, where independent variables of corporate social disclosure (CSD) using financial, ethical and altruistic motives. While the dependent variable in the form of Corporate Financial Performance (CFP) based on market measurements proxied through stock return.</em></h5><h5><em>The result of the research shows that corporate social disclosure (CSD) based on financial motive gives effect to stock return, while CSD with ethic motive and altruistic motive can’t provide sufficient evidence to influence the rate of return stock.</em></h5><h5><em> </em></h5><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><strong><em>: </em></strong><em>CSD, CFP, CSR, CSR Motive</em></p>

The Changing Way of the Bodhisattva

This chapter explores the nature of the connections between contemporary understandings of the bodhisattva path as socially engaged, and the canonical Mahāyāna tradition in India—the Ugraparipṛcchā-sūtra and the works of Śāntideva. These canonical treatments of the bodhisattva’s career are compared with a contemporary understanding as reflected in the commentary on Śāntideva’s Bodhicaryāvatāra by Pema Chödrön. This analysis reveals distinct visions of the bodhisattva, from the Ugra’s elite superhero, to Śāntideva’s saintly bodhisattva, to the modern view of the bodhisattva as social activist. The career of the bodhisattva is furthermore shown to involve a range of types of social engagement. While the canonical texts support the ideal of imbuing all daily activities with an altruistic motive, as well as endorsing selfless service to meet the needs and wants of sentient beings, only the contemporary reading of the bodhisattva path advocates social action to address systemic causes of collective suffering.

PENGARUH BIAYA CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR COST) BERDASARKAN MOTIF KEUANGAN, MOTIF ETIKA, DAN MOTIF ALTRUISTIK TERHADAP CORPORATE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE

This research aimed to determine the effect of CSR cost that the company paid for community, social, environment, etc. based on financial motive, ethic motive and altruistic motive simultaneously or partial, on the ROE and ROS of company.The research is quantitative research with the help of IBM SPSS Software 21 version with regression analysis. Population of this research is manufactured company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) in the period 2011-2014. Samples were collected by purposive sampling method and 10 companies are used for this research.The result of the test is CSR cost based on ethic motive have a positive significant effect on ROE and ROS (sig. &lt; 0,05). However, both CSR cost based on financial motive and altruistic motive have no-significant effect on ROE and ROS (sig. &gt; 0,05). For the future research, the researcher recommend that the company which listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange are more transparent and detailed information on the CSR include the activities, the CSR target, the cost that company spend and all the other data about CSR. Then, the company which do the CSR investment and transparent with the CSR report can attract other potential investor for the company, so that can make a positive effect on the financial statement.<br />Keywords: CSR Motive, Financial Motive, Ethic motive, Altruistic Motive

Closed-ended and open-ended fit articulation

Purpose Previous research suggests that firms should articulate incongruent sponsorships to provide a rationale for the relationship between sponsor and sponsorship object. Fit articulation is a strategy that communicates shared associations between sponsor and object. Based on conclusion explicitness theory, this paper aims to conceptualize and tests two fit articulation strategies in sponsorships: open-ended and closed-ended. Design/methodology/approach Research hypotheses were tested in two experiments. Findings Only open-ended fit articulation improved brand attitudes. Mediation analyses show that while open-ended articulation influenced brand attitudes through brand image (Study 1 and Study 2) and altruistic motive attributions (Study 2), there was an indirect effect of closed-ended articulation on brand attitudes through global fit perceptions (Study 2). Practical implications The results from two experiments suggest that incongruent sponsors should use open-ended conclusions about a shared image dimension. Although explicit arguments may increase global perceptions of fit, they may impede a positive impact on the articulated brand image dimension and generation of altruistic motive attribution. Therefore, sponsorship managers should be careful in terms of using explicit arguments for fit when the sponsorship is incongruent because such arguments may hinder articulation from generating goodwill and a positive brand image. Originality/value This is the first paper to develop and test different types of fit articulation strategies in sponsorships.

Which sport sponsorships most impact sponsor CSR image?

Purpose This study aims to investigate how organizations can utilize sport sponsorship to build their corporate social responsibility (CSR) image effectively, by examining the attributes of a sports property that are most conducive to a sponsor gaining CSR image benefits. Design/methodology/approach A between-subjects experimental design was used, which simulated different sponsorship scenarios by varying community proximity (operationalized by property scope) and property engagement in community initiatives. Hypotheses were tested with a non-parametric bootstrapping-based procedure, using a panel sample of 400. Findings The results show that a sporting property’s proactive community engagement is conducive to an enhanced CSR image for its sponsor, especially when the property operates on the national rather than grassroots level. Further analysis also demonstrates the critical contribution of altruistic motive attributions in the process. Originality/value This study advances knowledge on how organizations may build their CSR image while leveraging on the strong audience involvement and the mass appeal of sport sponsorship. It is the first to offer insights into the extent to which a sports property’s proactive engagement in the community, rather than that of the sponsoring firm itself, enhances the CSR image of the sponsor, particularly if the property’s community proximity is low. Furthermore, our results provide an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms determining the benefits that sponsors can reap from a property’s activities.