Case 25

2020 ◽  
pp. 163-170
Author(s):  
Andrew Woodhouse
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Clinical Context ◽  
Symptomatic Infection ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Tract Disease ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Great Burden

Schistosomiasis is a parasitic trematode infection. Depending on the species of fluke, gastrointestinal or genitourinary tract disease develops with occasional involvement of other organs including the central nervous system. The great burden of chronic disease is in endemic countries but travellers can become infected through exposure to contaminated water in lakes and rivers. An acute symptomatic infection is sometimes seen and needs to be considered in the appropriate clinical context in travellers returning from the tropics.

scholarly journals Proceedings of the Sleep and Epilepsy Workgroup: Section 2 Comorbidities: Sleep Related Comorbidities of Epilepsy

2021 ◽  
pp. 153575972110045
Author(s):  
Milena K. Pavlova ◽  
Marcus Ng ◽  
Rebecca M. Allen ◽  
Melanie Boly ◽  
Sanjeev Kothare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Sleep Medicine ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Treatment Priorities

Epilepsy is a chronic disease with multiple, complex comorbidities. Bidirectional relationships exist among seizures, sleep, circadian rhythms, and diseases within and outside of the central nervous system. Seizures fragment sleep and can contribute to development of sleep disorders, which in turn leads to worse overall health and more seizures. Moreover, treatment options are often limited by interactions with anti-seizure medications. Advances in the fields of epilepsy and in sleep medicine have been made separately, and therefore treating patients with these comorbidities necessitates interdisciplinary approach. The focus of this section of the Sleep and Epilepsy Workgroup was to identify methods of collaboration and outline investigational, educational, and treatment priorities to mutually advance what we consider a combined field.

scholarly journals Some modern methods of diagnosis and pathogenetic therapy of multiple sclerosis

2002 ◽  
Vol XXXIV (1-2) ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
I. D. Stolyarov ◽  
G. N. Bisaga ◽  
M. V. Votintseva ◽  
A. G. Ilves ◽  
I. G. Nikiforova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Young People ◽  
Neurological Disease ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Pathogenetic Therapy ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a severe chronic disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects young people and quickly leads to disability. Until now, the pathogenesis of this neurological disease, which is the most expensive for society, has not been fully elucidated, and the drugs used to treat MS patients can only slightly suspend but not interrupt the development of the disease. At the same time, the possibilities of diagnosing and treating MS have expanded due to the active study and implementation of neuroimaging, neuroimmunological and neurophysiological methods, and the use of new immunocorrecting genetically engineered drugs.

Clinical significance of a single cerebrospinal fluid immunoglobulin band: A retrospective study

2020 ◽  
pp. 135245852097822
Author(s):  
Maud Tusseau ◽  
Estelle Cheli ◽  
Romain Marignier ◽  
Françoise Poitevin ◽  
Christophe Malcus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Neurological Disorder ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Clinical Context ◽  
Inflammatory Mechanism ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Background: To demonstrate an inflammatory process in the central nervous system, the presence of at least two immunoglobulin (Ig) bands in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is required. So far, the presence of a single abnormal Ig band is considered as negative. Objective: The objective was to assess retrospectively the significance of a single CSF Ig band in clinical practice. Methods and results: Out of 10,286 CSF analyses, we retained 214 results with single Ig. An inflammatory neurological disorder was diagnosed in 41% of patients. Conclusion: Despite a modest sensitivity, the presence of a single CSF Ig band may be a biomarker of an inflammatory mechanism and, as such, may prompt the clinician to repeat the analysis when the clinical context remains suggestive.

Multiple Sclerosis

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura M. Hancock ◽  
Jared M. Bruce ◽  
Sharon G. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Neurological Symptoms ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease that affects the central nervous system and can cause a wide variety of both physical and cognitive deficits. Mood disturbances are common, with as many as 50% of patients receiving a diagnosis of major depression during their lifetime. The risk of suicide is high and leaving depression untreated is associated with a host of additional MS symptoms. Depression in MS presents clinicians with unique challenges, as it is often difficult to distinguish from common neurological symptoms. The authors discuss recommended screening tools and therapeutic methods that can assist the clinician in successfully identifying and treating depression in MS.

Pain and nociception in the clinical context

1985 ◽  
Vol 308 (1136) ◽  
pp. 219-226 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Great Increase ◽  
Sensory Cortex ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Clinical Context ◽  
States Of Consciousness ◽  
Constant Pain ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Stimulation Of

Two subjects will be discussed: (i) the changes brought about in the central nervous system by a noxious input; (ii) certain states of consciousness in which human beings do not feel pain. Examples will be given of a pattern of neural activity being latent in the central nervous system after a period of localized pain. When this region is stimulated, even after a period of years, the previous pain is felt. Also, stimulation of the sensory cortex and thalamus in conscious patients shows permanent changes induced by constant pain. Studies from the literature are reported of human beings inducing trance states in themselves so as not to feel pain. In all of these states there is a great increase in sympathetic activity and an increase in the theta-activity in the electroencephalogram.

scholarly journals Paced auditory serial addition test (PASAT): a very difficult test even for individuals with high intellectual capability

2011 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 482-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Bruno Bidin Brooks ◽  
Vinicius Oliveira Giraud ◽  
Youssef Jamal Saleh ◽  
Samuel Jose Rodrigues ◽  
Lucas Afonso Daia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Serial Addition ◽  
Intellectual Level

OBJECTIVE: To assess the difficulty of paced auditory serial addition test (PASAT) in a population of high intellectual level, under ideal cognitive testing circumstances. METHOD: One hundred medical students underwent PASAT testing. They had slept well the night before, they had eaten before the assessment, they were not using any drugs that could affect the central nervous system and they did not have depression, anxiety or any chronic disease. RESULTS: The average result from the three-second version of PASAT was 57.5% and, from the two-second version, it was 44.3%. CONCLUSION: Even under ideal circumstances, PASAT is a very difficult test for the general population. It may not be ideal for neurologists to screen, assess and follow up patients with cognitive function in multiple sclerosis.

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