Anatomy and spontaneous closure of the ductus arteriosus

2021 ◽  
pp. 95-101
Author(s):  
Michael Obladen
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Ductus Arteriosus ◽  
Spontaneous Closure ◽  
Foramen Ovale ◽  
Full Understanding ◽  
Active Process ◽  
Fetal Circulation ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Postnatal Closure

The ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale were described by Galen without understanding their functions. His beliefs in soul localization and spiritization within the left ventricle established religious pneumatology which became a theological need in the Middle Ages. Pulmonary transit was recognized by Servetus and Colombo after the Reformation around 1550. This prompted Harvey’s full understanding of the fetal circulation. Botallo did not describe the ductus arteriosus, but in 1564 redescribed the foramen ovale, making his way into the Nomina Anatomica by mistake. Most authors of the 19th and 20th centuries believed ductal patency to be passive, and postnatal closure to be an active process, explained by mechanical theories. After the discovery of prostaglandins by Bergstrom and Vane, Coceani proved that ductal patency is maintained by the relaxant action of prostaglandins.

Mathematical model of the fetal cardiovascular system: the uncontrolled case

1980 ◽  
Vol 239 (3) ◽  
pp. R317-R325 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Huikeshoven ◽  
T. G. Coleman ◽  
H. W. Jongsma
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Ductus Arteriosus ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Cardiovascular Physiology ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Foramen Ovale ◽  
Fetal Circulation ◽  
Upper Limits ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

A mathematical model was developed to study and to interpret the results of different experiments undertaken in the field of fetal cardiovascular physiology. This model consists of a total of six peripheral blood compartments and a detailed description of the heart. The unique characteristics of the fetal circulation, particularly the ductus arteriosus, the foramen ovale, and the placenta are incorporated into this model. No control mechanisms are incorporated. The model was validated by simulating several previously described experiments. First, the performance of the individual ventricles was measured. The results indicate that, in the normal physiological situation, the right ventricle is working near the upper limits of its function while the left ventricle works below its limits. Second, the circulatory system was stressed by increasing the blood volume and the results show a shift from right to left in the relative contributions of each ventricle to the total cardiac output. Finally, effects of clamping the several blood vessels of the umbilical cord were studied.

In varietate concordia

Moreana ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (Number 165) (1) ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Kevin Eastell
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Community Identity ◽  
Greek City ◽  
Political Unity ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Hanseatic League ◽  
Economic Collaboration ◽  
Unity In Diversity ◽  
Founding Principle ◽  
Definition Of

Beginning with the complexities involved in the definition of the modern European Community identity, the author proceeds to examine the historical dimensions of the development of Europe as a continent. The Roman and Greek antecedents are recognised and the emergence of Constantinople as a pivotal consideration is discussed. By the early 16th century, what Europe meant is explained in more comprehensive terms than those that prevail today. The unity of Christendom under the papacy is identified as germane to the political unity of Europe as a continent. The Reformation unleashed a process of disintegration and division into national and religious states that has taken centuries to begin to heal. Recognising the failure of modern European structures to secure cohesion among its member countries, the article recognises an attempt to develop unity in diversity: based on the notion of economic collaboration berween trading cities. This notion was very much a feature of the Hanseatic League of the middle-ages, and indeed a founding principle of the Greek city confederacy. History remains a potent and pertinent dimension in our understanding of Europe as a continental concept.

Hová vezet a Botallo-vezeték? Tévedéshezr

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 (Supplement-1) ◽  
pp. 13-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Árpád Péterffy ◽  
Mikael Péterffy
Keyword(s):  
Ductus Arteriosus ◽  
Foramen Ovale

Absztrakt A közlemény célja, hogy felhívja a hazai orvostársadalom figyelmét arra a tényre, hogy helytelen “ductus Botalli”-nak nevezni a pulmonalis arteria és az aorta közti artériás vezetéket (ductus arteriosus), amely a magzati keringés fontos része, és ezért nyitva van, de a születés után, a tüdővel való légzés során feleslegessé válik, és elzáródik. A 16. században élt olasz Leonardo Botallo által leírt és saját magáról elnevezett anatómiai képlet a foramen ovale. Sajnálatos módon könyvének későbbi kiadásában történt meg a tévesztés, és társították össze a ductus arteriosust az olasz orvos és hadisebész nevével. Továbbá a mű németre való fordítása is hozzájárulhatott a tévedéshez, ugyanis a “ductus Botalli” elnevezés német nyelvterületen, Skandináviában és Magyarországon terjedt el, viszont az angolszász és spanyol orvosirodalomban nem. Tekintettel arra, hogy a “ductus Botalli” elnevezés tévedésen alapul, fölöttébb kívánatos lenne ennek a hibás elnevezésnek mellőzése a magyar orvosi nyelvben, hasonlóan a német és skandináv nyelvű orvosi irodalomhoz, ahol ez már megtörtént.

scholarly journals Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Remodeling of Ductus Arteriosus: Looking beyond the Prostaglandin Pathway

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 3238
Author(s):  
Ho-Wei Hsu ◽  
Ting-Yi Lin ◽  
Yi-Ching Liu ◽  
Jwu-Lai Yeh ◽  
Jong-Hau Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Clinical Management ◽  
Vascular Remodeling ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Ductus Arteriosus ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors ◽  
Medical Patients ◽  
Fetal Circulation

The ductus arteriosus (DA) is a physiologic vessel crucial for fetal circulation. As a major regulating factor, the prostaglandin pathway has long been the target for DA patency maintenance or closure. However, the adverse effect of prostaglandins and their inhibitors has been a major unsolved clinical problem. Furthermore, a significant portion of patients with patent DA fail to respond to cyclooxygenase inhibitors that target the prostaglandin pathway. These unresponsive medical patients ultimately require surgical intervention and highlight the importance of exploring pathways independent from this well-recognized prostaglandin pathway. The clinical limitations of prostaglandin-targeting therapeutics prompted us to investigate molecules beyond the prostaglandin pathway. Thus, this article introduces molecules independent from the prostaglandin pathway based on their correlating mechanisms contributing to vascular remodeling. These molecules may serve as potential targets for future DA patency clinical management.

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