Neglected tropical diseases

2019 ◽  
pp. 463-506
Author(s):  
Jan Hajek
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Experience ◽  
Human African Trypanosomiasis ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Available P ◽  
Tropical Diseases ◽  
African Trypanosomiasis ◽  
Humanitarian Settings ◽  
Contextual Features ◽  
The Poor

This chapter on neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) provides an overview of the background and main contextual features of NTDs, and includes clear guidance on their clinical recognition and management. Recognizing the prevalence of NTDs in humanitarian settings, with their disproportional effect on the poor, this chapter covers the fundamentals of management of NTDs, and is especially helpful for the provider who may have little prior clinical experience with such conditions. It also includes detailed guidance on recognition and diagnosis of the main NTDs, such as dengue, human African trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, leprosy, and schistosomiasis, in settings with very limited diagnostic testing available.

Recent Approaches to Chemical Discovery and Development Against Malaria and the Neglected Tropical Diseases Human African Trypanosomiasis and Schistosomiasis

2014 ◽  
Vol 114 (22) ◽  
pp. 11138-11163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathew Njoroge ◽  
Nicholas M. Njuguna ◽  
Peggoty Mutai ◽  
Dennis S. B. Ongarora ◽  
Paul W. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human African Trypanosomiasis ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Tropical Diseases ◽  
African Trypanosomiasis

scholarly journals The Atlas of human African trypanosomiasis: a contribution to global mapping of neglected tropical diseases

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pere P Simarro ◽  
Giuliano Cecchi ◽  
Massimo Paone ◽  
José R Franco ◽  
Abdoulaye Diarra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human African Trypanosomiasis ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Tropical Diseases ◽  
African Trypanosomiasis ◽  
Global Mapping

scholarly journals Putting Anthropology into Global Health

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Varanda ◽  
Josenando Théophile
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Human African Trypanosomiasis ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Tropical Diseases ◽  
Health Campaigns ◽  
African Trypanosomiasis ◽  
Public Health Campaigns ◽  
Insight Into

This analysis of over a century of public health campaigns against human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) in Angola aims to unravel the role of (utopian) dreams in global health. Attention to the emergence and use of concepts such as neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) and ideas about elimination or eradication highlights how these concepts and utopian dreams are instrumental for the advancement of particular agendas in an ever-shifting field of global health. The article shows how specific representations of the elimination and eradication of diseases, framed over a century ago, continue to push Western views and politics of care onto others. This analysis generates insight into how global health and its politics of power functioned in Angola during colonialism and post-independence.

scholarly journals Perceived determinants of implementation success of the neglected tropical diseases programme in Ghana: a qualitative study among programme officers

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Desmond Dzidzornu Otoo ◽  
Nana Nimo Appiah-Agyekum ◽  
Francis Anderson Adzei
Keyword(s):  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
National Level ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Tropical Diseases ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Programme Implementation ◽  
Enabling Factors ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Health Policy Implementation

Abstract Background The importance of health policy implementation cannot be overemphasized in contemporary public health. Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) have negatively impacted society, affect quality of life and make the poor societies poorer. Several policies and strategies have been put in place across the world including the neglected tropical diseases programme in Ghana. Though chalked many successes, the programme continues to lag behind in the full attainment of various objectives. Several factors exist that determine how effective a programme is implemented. Identification of these factors on every programme is essential to determine where more programme resources need to be channelled. This study assessed the determinants of successful implementation of the neglected tropical diseases programme in Ghana. Methods A qualitative approach with the case study design was employed. Purposive and snowball sampling techniques were used to identify key programme officers at the national, regional and district levels of programme implementation. Eighteen (18) Key informant interviews were conducted at all the three levels of the Ghana Health Service NTDs programme. Data were thematically analysed and presented. Results Findings from the study revealed that determinants that influenced the successful implementation of the NTDs programme include donor support, education and training, partnerships, reliability of the health structure, integrative nature of the programme and management commitment. These determining factors cut across the inner settings of the implementing agency and the external environment. Conclusion Neglected tropical diseases continuously affect Ghanaians, especially the poor. It is important for both policy makers and implementers to identify the factors that ensure the success of the programme in the Ghanaian context. Though the factors are independently sufficient, they synergistically lead to improved programme implementation. Empowering all units involved (local to national level) and maximizing the enabling factors identified to would improve upon implementation and ensure sustainability.

scholarly journals Phenotypic Drug Discovery for Human African Trypanosomiasis: A Powerful Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Buckner ◽  
Buchynskyy ◽  
Nagendar ◽  
Patrick ◽  
Gillespie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Human African Trypanosomiasis ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
African Trypanosomiasis ◽  
Antiparasitic Activity ◽  
Phenotypic Screen ◽  
Powerful Approach ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Properties ◽  
Compound Series

The work began with the screening of a library of 700,000 small molecules for inhibitors of Trypanosoma brucei growth (a phenotypic screen). The resulting set of 1035 hit compounds was reviewed by a team of medicinal chemists, leading to the nomination of 17 chemically distinct scaffolds for further investigation. The first triage step was the assessment for brain permeability (looking for brain levels at least 20% of plasma levels) in order to optimize the chances of developing candidates for treating late-stage human African trypanosomiasis. Eleven scaffolds subsequently underwent hit-to-lead optimization using standard medicinal chemistry approaches. Over a period of six years in an academic setting, 1539 analogs to the 11 scaffolds were synthesized. Eight scaffolds were discontinued either due to insufficient improvement in antiparasitic activity (5), poor pharmacokinetic properties (2), or a slow (static) antiparasitic activity (1). Three scaffolds were optimized to the point of curing the acute and/or chronic T. brucei infection model in mice. The progress was accomplished without knowledge of the mechanism of action (MOA) for the compounds, although the MOA has been discovered in the interim for one compound series. Studies on the safety and toxicity of the compounds are planned to help select candidates for potential clinical development. This research demonstrates the power of the phenotypic drug discovery approach for neglected tropical diseases.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic towards Common Neglected Tropical Diseases among Indigenous Group in Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehru Nisha ◽  
Muhammad Alif Naim ◽  
Fabian Davamani
Keyword(s):  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Tropical Diseases ◽  
Orang Asli ◽  
Minority Community ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Indigenous Group ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The World ◽  
Infection Monitoring

Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 is a pandemic which heavily affected all walks of around the world. Whilst all people are affected could be from to job losses, increase in poverty, sudden death of family member or loved ones and so many others, the indigenous communities in Malaysia do face severity of the Covid 19 pandemic effect. As being the minority community with lack of proper income, lack of education and incapable of adjusting themselves to new norm and living in areas with high prevalence of disease for the poor, like neglected tropical diseases- the overall impact of Covid 19 showed inequalities for the Indigenous (Orang Asli) community in Malaysia. Here we discuss on some of the challenges faced by Orang Asli community in Malaysia and how the pandemic hampered neglected tropical diseases like STHs infection monitoring in Malaysia.

scholarly journals Strengthening data collection for neglected tropical diseases: What data are needed for models to better inform tailored intervention programmes?

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. e0009351
Author(s):  
Jaspreet Toor ◽  
Jonathan I. D. Hamley ◽  
Claudio Fronterre ◽  
María Soledad Castaño ◽  
Lloyd A. C. Chapman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Human African Trypanosomiasis ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
World Health ◽  
Tropical Diseases ◽  
Tailored Intervention ◽  
Specific Data ◽  
Tailored Interventions ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Locally tailored interventions for neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are becoming increasingly important for ensuring that the World Health Organization (WHO) goals for control and elimination are reached. Mathematical models, such as those developed by the NTD Modelling Consortium, are able to offer recommendations on interventions but remain constrained by the data currently available. Data collection for NTDs needs to be strengthened as better data are required to indirectly inform transmission in an area. Addressing specific data needs will improve our modelling recommendations, enabling more accurate tailoring of interventions and assessment of their progress. In this collection, we discuss the data needs for several NTDs, specifically gambiense human African trypanosomiasis, lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis, schistosomiasis, soil-transmitted helminths (STH), trachoma, and visceral leishmaniasis. Similarities in the data needs for these NTDs highlight the potential for integration across these diseases and where possible, a wider spectrum of diseases.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Biological Activity of Sterol 14α-Demethylase and Sterol C24-Methyltransferase Inhibitors

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1753 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Leaver
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Drug Target ◽  
Human African Trypanosomiasis ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Molecular Target ◽  
Tropical Diseases ◽  
Sterol Metabolism ◽  
Methyl Group ◽  
Animal Host

Sterol 14α-demethylase (SDM) is essential for sterol biosynthesis and is the primary molecular target for clinical and agricultural antifungals. SDM has been demonstrated to be a valid drug target for antiprotozoal therapies, and much research has been focused on using SDM inhibitors to treat neglected tropical diseases such as human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), Chagas disease, and leishmaniasis. Sterol C24-methyltransferase (24-SMT) introduces the C24-methyl group of ergosterol and is an enzyme found in pathogenic fungi and protozoa but is absent from animals. This difference in sterol metabolism has the potential to be exploited in the development of selective drugs that specifically target 24-SMT of invasive fungi or protozoa without adversely affecting the human or animal host. The synthesis and biological activity of SDM and 24-SMT inhibitors are reviewed herein.

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