Central nervous system

2011 ◽  
pp. 372-383
Author(s):  
Dr Mark Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Tricyclic Antidepressants ◽  
Opioid Analgesics ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Sleeping Disorders ◽  
System P

4.1 Hypnotics and anxiolytics, 373 4.2 Antipsychotics, 374 4.3 Antimania drugs, 376 4.4 Tricyclic antidepressants, 377 4.5 Nausea and vomiting (N&V), 377 4.6 Analgesics, 379 4.7 Non-opioid analgesics, 379 4.8 Opioid analgesics, 380 4.9 Antiepileptics, 382 4.10 Status epilepticus, 383 • Hypnotics - Used to treat sleeping disorders (sleeping tablets)...

Central nervous system

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Emergency Medicine ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Tricyclic Antidepressants ◽  
Opioid Analgesics ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
System P ◽  
The Central Nervous System

This chapter describes the pharmacology of the central nervous system as it applies to Emergency Medicine, and in particular the Primary FRCEM examination. The chapter outlines the key details of hypnotics and anxiolytics, antipsychotics, antimania drugs, tricyclic antidepressants, nausea and vomiting, analgesics, non-opioid analgesics, opioid analgesics, antiepileptics, and status epilepticus. This chapter is laid out exactly following the RCEM syllabus, to allow easy reference and consolidation of learning.

Effects of an injectable functionalized self-assembling nanopeptide hydrogel on angiogenesis and neurogenesis for regeneration of the central nervous system

Nanoscale ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (42) ◽  
pp. 16281-16292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzu-Wei Wang ◽  
Kai-Chieh Chang ◽  
Liang-Hsin Chen ◽  
Shih-Yung Liao ◽  
Chia-Wei Yeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Self Assembling ◽  
System P ◽  
Injured Brain ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Functionalised self-assembling nanopeptide hydrogel mediates angiogenesis and neurogenesis for injured brain tissue regeneration.

A practical pH-compatible fluorescent sensor for hydrazine in soil, water and living cells

The Analyst ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 145 (22) ◽  
pp. 7380-7387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huming Yan ◽  
Fangjun Huo ◽  
Yongkang Yue ◽  
Jianbin Chao ◽  
Caixia Yin
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Fluorescent Sensor ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Human Organs ◽  
System P ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The excellent water solubility of hydrazine (N2H4) allows it to easily invade the human body through the skin and respiratory tract, thereby damaging human organs and the central nervous system.

Demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system

2010 ◽  
pp. 4948-4963
Author(s):  
Siddharthan Chandran ◽  
Alastair Compston
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Demyelinating Diseases ◽  
Demyelinating Disorder ◽  
System P ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Demyelinating Disorders ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord

Clinicians suspect demyelination when episodes reflecting damage to white matter tracts within the central nervous system occur in young adults. The paucity of specific biological markers of discrete demyelinating syndromes places an emphasis on clinical phenotype—temporal and spatial patterns—when classifying demyelinating disorders. The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, the most common demyelinating disorder, becomes probable when these symptoms and signs recur, involving different parts of the brain and spinal cord. Other important demyelinating diseases include post-infectious neurological disorders (acute disseminated encephalomyelitis), demyelination resulting from metabolic derangements (central pontine myelinosis), and inherited leucodystrophies that may present in children or in adults. Accepting differences in mechanism, presentation, and treatment, two observations can usefully be made when classifying demyelinating disorders. These are the presence or absence of inflammation, and the extent of focal vs. diffuse demyelination. Multiple sclerosis is prototypic for the former, whereas dysmyelinating disorders, such as leucodystrophies are representative of the latter....

Neurochemical Systems in the Central Nervous System

2013 ◽  
pp. 12-26
Author(s):  
Ariel Y. Deutch ◽  
Robert H. Roth
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Neurotrophic Factors ◽  
Drugs Of Abuse ◽  
Large Majority ◽  
System P ◽  
Target Neuron ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

Chapter 2 describes the neurochemical organization of the brain. It summarizes the diverse types of molecules that neurons in the brain use as neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factors, and how these molecules are synthesized and metabolized. The chapter also presents the array of receptor proteins through which these molecules regulate target neuron functioning and the reuptake proteins that generally terminate the neurotransmitter signal. Today a large majority of all drugs used to treat psychiatric disorders, as well as most drugs of abuse, still have as their initial targets proteins involved directly in neurotransmitter function.

Tumors of the Central Nervous System

2013 ◽  
pp. 20-58
Author(s):  
Keith L. Ligon ◽  
Karima Mokhtari ◽  
Thomas W. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Tumor Type ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
System P ◽  
Precise Diagnosis ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Classification Of Tumors

This chapter presents the most up-to-date classification of tumors of the nervous system, based on the histological appearance of the neoplasm and also on information derived from cytogenetics and molecular biology, now recognized worldwide as increasingly important for more precise diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic guidance. The chapter provides a detailed morphologic description of each major tumor type, with numerous illustrations of macroscopic and microscopic lesions. First we consider primary tumors of the nervous system, including those derived from neuroepithelial tissue (astrocytic, oligodendroglial, ependymal, neuronal, and glioneuronal), pineal tissue, peripheral nerve sheath, and meninges. Next lymphomas, hematopoietic neoplasms, and secondary (metastatic) neoplasms are described.

Long Latency Reflexes and the Silent Period

2009 ◽  
pp. 543-550
Author(s):  
John N. Caviness
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Motor Control ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Silent Period ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
Long Latency ◽  
System P ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Long Latency Reflexes

LLRs and the silent period are EMG phenomena that reflect the complex interplay of spinal, brain stem, and cortical influences in motor control. These techniques have been applied to the study of disorders of motor control such as Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and dystonia. Abnormalities of these reflexes may help to detect lesions of the central nervous system.

Treatment of fibromyalgia (chronic widespread pain) and chronic fatigue syndrome

2020 ◽  
pp. 1330-1341
Author(s):  
Jonathan Price
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
Chronic Widespread Pain ◽  
Widespread Pain ◽  
Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
System P ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Key Aspects

Fibromyalgia (FM), one of the chronic widespread pain syndromes, and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) are important and common conditions. They are considered together here because they are commonly comorbid and because of their similarities—they are long-term conditions with a relatively poor prognosis; central nervous system mechanisms and deconditioning play an important role in aetiology; graded exercise and psychological treatments have an important role in management; and comorbid mental disorders are common and have an adverse impact on important outcomes, including disability and chronicity. The prevalence of FM is rising, while that of CFS is declining. There is increased acceptance of the pivotal role of central nervous system factors in FM, while in CFS, the positions of different aetiological ‘movements’ appear bitterly entrenched. The main focus of this chapter is on FM and, in particular, key aspects of aetiology and treatment, especially those relating to the central nervous system.

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