Imaging and interventional treatment

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gauthier Raynal ◽  
Olivier Traxer
Keyword(s):  
Great Part ◽  
Medical Specialty ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Interventional Treatment ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Shockwave Lithotripsy ◽  
Tailored Treatment ◽  
Adrenergic Blocker ◽  
Stone Type

AbstractUrolithiasis has a great importance in the urologist’s practice: it is a common disease which represent a great part of the urologist’s activity, and stone disease is linked to the beginning of urology as an individual medical specialty and to many technical improvements, from the beginning of endoscopy up to extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy and modern endourology.Imaging and diagnostic techniques and pain relief are described. Usually stones <5mm will pass spontaneously and are managed conservatively. At 5-10mm medical expulsive therapy with an alpha-adrenergic blocker will shorten symptoms. Stones larger than this are likely to need tailored treatment depending on stone type and location and history, choosing from endoscopy, shockwave lithotripsy, or percutaneous lithotripsy.

scholarly journals Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy in the Management of a Large Proximal Ureteric Stone: A Case Report

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-73
Author(s):  
Mohammad A H Aly Freeg ◽  
Anu V Ranade ◽  
Jayakumary Muttappallymyalil ◽  
Tarek F A Ghaffar
Keyword(s):  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy ◽  
Ureteral Stones ◽  
Shockwave Lithotripsy ◽  
Ureteric Stone ◽  
Extracorporeal Shockwave ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Acute Flank Pain

Urinary stone disease still persists as a major health care problem due to its high prevalence. The management of patients with ureteral stones still remains under debate in several areas. There are different therapeutic approaches for ureteral stones depending on stone size, location, anatomical variations of the urogenital tract and patient performance. Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) being the main stay of treatment of choice for the stones, the management of large stone remains a point of discussion. With the latest advance in technology coupled with knowledge, there have been recent changes in therapeutic options for ureteric stones. Therefore, the treatment approaches may be individualized in order to achieve optimum outcomes. This article reports on a case of a large proximal ureteric stone with acute flank pain and hematuria managed by ESWL. Key words: Urinary stone; Ureteric stone; ESWL.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nje.v1i2.5144 Nepal Journal of Epidemiology 2011;1 (2):70-73

scholarly journals Evaluation of LDH and Gamma Interferon as Biochemical Markers for Diagnosis of Pulmonary and Extra-Pulmonary Tuberculosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
SK Baul ◽  
SMR Hossain ◽  
D Parvin ◽  
M Hadiuzzaman ◽  
MS Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Gamma Interferon ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Early Management ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Extra Pulmonary

Tuberculosis is a common disease throughout the world, especially in developing countries. The most common form of the disease is pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Extra pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is also a growing problem worldwide. The diagnosis of PTB and EPTB is even harder when smears and cultures are negative. Due to its nature, the diversity of clinical pictures, the diagnosis of EPTB is often difficult and late. Advances in rapid diagnostic techniques are urgently required both for the early management of the new cases of TB and for the individuals already infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and are at risk of developing disease. In addition to standard TB diagnostic techniques, use of new biochemical surrogate markers like LDH and gamma interferon are new suggested. This study was undertaken to evaluate the diagnostic value and accuracy of serum LDH and gamma interferon for the diagnosis of PTB and EPTB. This crosssectional study was carried out in the Department of Pathology and Microbiology, NIDCH, Dhaka and by convenient and purposive sampling, 131 patients (male 98, female 33) having age range of 20-90 years were enrolled for the study. Serum LDH and QuantiFERON-TB gold (QFT-G i.e. gamma interferon) were estimated and the result was compared with the culture and histopathology results. Performance tests were done. Prevalence was measured at 95% CI. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Of 131 patients 89 (67.9%) had pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and the rest 42 (32.1%) had extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). Level of LDH and gamma interferon in serum of all patients was found significantly high. TB pleural effusion was detected in 64% cases. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values, negative predictive values and accuracy of LDH and gamma interferon wre calculated both in PTB and EPTB. For LDH it was (SEN 89.22%, SPE 85.66%, PPV 88.82%, NPV 86.11%) and for gamma interferon (SEN 93.01%, SPE 91.64%, PPV 93.73%, NPV 91.18%) in PTB; and for LDH (SEN 89.27%, SPE 87.18%, PPV 84.35%, NPV 90.36%) and for gamma interferon (SEN 94.88%, SPE 93.65%, PPV 90.04%, NPV 95.82%) in EPTB respectively. When calculated in combination, the sensitivity and specificity was 100% and 50% respectively in both PTB and EPTB, and positive and negative predictive values of LDH and gamma interferon in combination were 94.00% and 91.58% in PTB and 90.43% and 96.71% in EPTB respectively. The study concludes that the diagnostic accuracy of LDH and gamma interferon is low when single test is done but it is significantly high when done in combination.Bangladesh J Med Biochem 2017; 10(2): 69-74

scholarly journals Renal stone disease: reasons for non-acceptance of surgical treatment among population of Western Rajasthan, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 1001
Author(s):  
Rama Kishan Saran ◽  
Ravindra Purohit ◽  
Pradeep K. Sharma ◽  
M. K. Chhabra ◽  
Gordhan Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Renal Stone ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Renal Stone Disease ◽  
Primary Level ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background: Renal stone is a common disease in Western Rajasthan. The aim of this study was to identify the causes of patient with renal disease for opting alternative methods for treatment instead of surgical approach.Methods: A prospective study was conducted at the Department of Urology, Dr. SN Medical College, Jodhpur, Rajasthan between August 2018 and July 2019. Patients with diagnosis of complicated renal stone disease including infected hydronephrosis, pyonephrosis, and calyceal rupture were enrolled in this study. Along with demographic characteristics patients were asked to enumerate causes for delay in seeking surgical intervention in sequential order and the reasons given by each patient were recorded separately.Results: A total of 80 patients with complicated renal stone disease were included in the study. Majority of the patients (77.50%) were men. Out of 80 patients, 32 patients were illiterate and 28 patients had primary level of education. Sixty-two patients reported only single reason for their negligence. Eleven and three patients reported two and three reasons, respectively. However, four patients could not provide any reason. The major cause reported by the patients (57.5%) for neglecting their disease was dependence and trust on alternative methods including ayurvedic medicines, homeopathic medicines, bhopas, and superstition.Conclusions: The majority of patients were belonged to lower socioeconomic class reported that dependence and trust on alternative methods including ayurvedic and homeopathic medicines are the major cause of neglecting their disease.

scholarly journals URINARY STONE COMPOSITION ANALYSIS IN INDONESIAN POPULATION: A SINGLE MAJOR CENTRE ANALYSIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Her Bayu Widyasmara ◽  
Ponco Birowo ◽  
Nur Rasyid
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Stone Composition ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Urinary Stone Disease ◽  
Indonesian Population ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Stone Type

Objective: To evaluate the urinary stone composition of Indonesian population. Material & Methods: This is a retrospective study analyzing total 277 urinary stone, obtained from urinary stone patient that underwent treatment in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta in period 2000-2013. Results: Urinary stone disease is more common in male, with male : female ratio 1.8 : 1, with both in male and female patient, the incidence are highest at 51-60 years old. Calcium containing stone is predominant in this study with calcium oxalate as the most frequent stone with 61% overall, 43.7% in male and 17.3% in female and founded most frequent in 51-60 years old. Uric acid become the second most common stone after calcium containing stone with 9.0% overall, 6.5% in male and 2.5% in female. Infection associated stone such as struvite is 5.8% and Amonium urate 0.7%. In our study, struvite is founded more in male 3.6% than in female 2.2%. Cystine is a rare stone which is only founded 0.7%, in young age at 21-30 years old. Conclusion: Calcium oxalate is the most frequently stone type in our country as it is worldwide. This study revealed  information of stone composition in Indonesian population, that could be beneficial for strategies and management to prevent urinary stone disease and recurrence.  

scholarly journals Depression among Doctors Dealt with Accident and Trauma Cases in Abo Saleem Trauma Hospital in 2010

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Hesham Ben Masaud
Keyword(s):  
Severe Depression ◽  
Medical Specialty ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Emotional Disturbances ◽  
Night Work ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Junior Doctors ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Work Shift

Background and objectives. Depression is a common disease with substantial morbidity and mortality, it is often undiagnosed and under-treated. Physicians have a relatively high prevalence of depressive symptoms, and their emotional disturbances are often complicated by substance abuse. This study aimed to determine the frequency of depression and its severity among doctors dealt with trauma cases in Abo Saleem trauma hospital, and to find out the relation between age, medical specialty of interest, different level of seniority on junior doctors and night work shift duties per month, and the depression rate and its severity. Method: The study was a cross-sectional study involves 44 junior doctors’ dealing with trauma cases. they were working at different departments in Abo Saleem trauma hospital asked to answer a standard questionnaire in 1st of July 2010. The data was plotted in software programs “SSPS version 17. Results: The rate of depressed doctors was 68.18 %. The rates of mild, moderate and severe depression were 29.55 %, 27.27 % & 11.36 % respectively. Conclusion: In our study, there was correlation between PROMID-MD and BDI for screening of depression. In addition, there was statistically significant relation between depressions but not in its severity in both medical specialty of interest among physicians and seniority levels on junior doctors. In contrast, there was no statistically significant relation between age, marital status, experience, job specialty and night work shift duties per month; and depression rate and its severity. This finding underlines the importance of better support and more flexible arrangements at the workplaces, in order to ameliorate their emotionally disturbing working conditions.

Zoonotic infections with filarial nematodes

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harman S. Paintal ◽  
Rajinder K. Chitkara
Keyword(s):  
Human Mobility ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Primary Host ◽  
Zoonotic Infections ◽  
Filarial Nematodes ◽  
Worldwide Web ◽  
Dna Primers

Filarial nematodes have been known to cause human disease for many centuries. Lymphatic filariasis is a common disease in the developing part of the world and much has been written about diagnosis and treatment of this scourge. Wuchereria , Brugia and Onchocerca (especially O. volvulus) have a wide pattern of distribution with severe morbidity. Given the years of scientific work in this field, many drugs that work against these parasites are available today and are attempting to control these infections. In this chapter, the focus is on those filarial nematodes that do not have humans as their primary host. Instead, the filarial organisms that usually parasitize other animals and cause human infection due to a variety of factors are discussed. These factors include: 1. Proximity of humans to the primary host, 2. Proximity of humans to the vector, 3. Changing ecology with introduction of different animals (both host and vector) into new environments, 4. Increasing human mobility, 5. Special scenarios concerning humans, including altered immune function (immunosuppressed due to drugs, auto-immune illness, immunosuppressive diseases), There has been a recent interest in this field because newer diagnostic techniques, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, DNA primers and electron microscopy have become widespread in use. This will eventually enhance our understanding of the pathophysiology of infections with these seemingly rare filarial organisms.Much of the early work in this field was done in a few specialized centers. As information about these parasites (through the worldwide web) and diagnostic techniques are now widely available, it is our hope that more work regarding these nematodes will be carried out in the developing countries where these infections are common. In this chapter, we focus on Dirofi laria, Meningonema, Loaina, Dipetalonema and certain species of Onchocerca and Brugia.

Cardiovascular problems

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila Adam ◽  
Sue Osborne ◽  
John Welch
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiac Pacing ◽  
Coronary Intervention ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Critically Ill Patient ◽  
Interventional Treatment ◽  
Pulmonary Artery Catheterization ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Percutaneous Coronary ◽  
Assessment And Treatment

The cardiovascular chapter discusses the physiology, assessment, and treatment of cardiovascular disorders in the critically ill patient. It gives an in-depth explanation of non-invasive and invasive monitoring procedures (such as ECG, pulse oximetry, oesophageal Doppler, and pulmonary artery catheterization). It includes the measurement of oxygen delivery and consumption, and explains diagnostic techniques such as echocardiography. The chapter includes the management and optimization of goal-directed therapies for specific conditions including coronary heart disease (such as myocardial infarction and angina), shock, valvular heart disease, and heart failure. Interventional treatment and specific drug therapy are discussed, including percutaneous coronary intervention, cardiac pacing, and electrical conversion.

scholarly journals Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy in Children

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romano T. DeMarco
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Management ◽  
Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Renal Calculi ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Shockwave Lithotripsy ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Upper Tract ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Developing Kidney

The surgical management of pediatric stone disease has evolved significantly over the last three decades. Prior to the introduction of shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) in the 1980s, open lithotomy was the lone therapy for children with upper tract calculi. Since then, SWL has been the procedure of choice in most pediatric centers for children with large renal calculi. While other therapies such as percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) were also being advanced around the same time, PNL was generally seen as a suitable therapy in adults because of the concerns for damage in the developing kidney. However, recent advances in endoscopic instrumentation and renal access techniques have led to an increase in its use in the pediatric population, particularly in those children with large upper tract stones. This paper is a review of the literature focusing on the indications, techniques, results, and complications of PNL in children with renal calculi.

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