scholarly journals Anthropomorphic Blast Test Device for Primary Blast Injury Risk Assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 185 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 227-233
Author(s):  
Yun Hsu ◽  
Kevin Ho ◽  
Philemon Chan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Blast Injury ◽  
Test Device ◽  
Blast Overpressure ◽  
Lung Injuries

Abstract Introduction Blast overpressure health hazard assessment is required prior to fielding of weapon systems that produce blast overpressures that pose risk of auditory and nonauditory blast lung injuries. The anthropomorphic blast test device (ABTD) offers a single device solution for collection of both auditory and nonauditory data from a single blast at anthropometrically correct locations for injury risk assessment. It also allows for better replication of personnel positioning during weapons firings. The ABTD is an update of the blast test device (BTD), the current Army standard for collection of thoracic blast loading data. Validation testing of the ABTD is required to ensure that lung injury model validated using BTD collected test data and sheep subjects is still applicable when the ABTD is used. Methods Open field validation blast tests were conducted with BTD and ABTD placed at matching locations. Tests at seven blast strength levels were completed spanning the range of overpressures for occupational testing. Results The two devices produced very similar values for lung injury dose over all blast levels and orientations. Conclusion The ABTD was validated successfully for open field tests. For occupational blast injury assessments, ABTD can be used in place of the BTD and provide enhanced capabilities.

Lung injury risk assessment during blast exposure

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
pp. 210-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Boutillier ◽  
Caroline Deck ◽  
Sébastien De Mezzo ◽  
Pascal Magnan ◽  
Nicolas Prat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Blast Exposure

scholarly journals Pulmonary injury risk curves and behavioral changes from blast overpressure exposures of varying frequency and intensity in rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkatasivasai Sujith Sajja ◽  
Jonathan K. Statz ◽  
LCDR Peter B. Walker ◽  
Irene D. Gist ◽  
Donna M. Wilder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Injury ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Injury Threshold ◽  
Blast Overpressure ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Field Activity ◽  
Blast Lung Injury ◽  
The Military

Abstract At present, there are no set guidelines establishing cumulative limits for blast exposure numbers and intensities in military personnel, in combat or training operations. The objective of the current study was to define lung injury, pathology, and associated behavioral changes from primary repeated blast lung injury under appropriate exposure conditions and combinations (i.e. blast overpressure (BOP) intensity and exposure frequency) using an advanced blast simulator. Male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to BOP frontally and laterally at a pressure range of ~ 8.5–19 psi, for up to 30 daily exposures. The extent of lung injury was identified at 24 h following BOP by assessing the extent of surface hemorrhage/contusion, Hematoxylin and Eosin staining, and behavioral deficits with open field activity. Lung injury was mathematically modeled to define the military standard 1% lung injury threshold. Significant levels of histiocytosis and inflammation were observed in pressures ≥ 10 psi and orientation effects were observed at pressures ≥ 13 psi. Experimental data demonstrated ~ 8.5 psi is the threshold for hemorrhage/contusion, up to 30 exposures. Modeling the data predicted injury risk up to 50 exposures with intensity thresholds at 8 psi for front exposure and 6psi for side exposures, which needs to be validated further.

STUDY ON BISPHENOL F, A BISPHENOL A ANALOGUE, AT A DAIRY COMPANY: HEALTH HAZARD AND RISK ASSESSMENT

2021 ◽  
pp. 112334
Author(s):  
Serena Santonicola ◽  
Stefania Albrizio ◽  
Maria Carmela Ferrante ◽  
Mercogliano Raffaelina
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Bisphenol F ◽  
Hazard And Risk ◽  
Hazard And Risk Assessment

scholarly journals Tractotomy using the Penrose drain guide for deep lung injury caused by chest drainage: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hironori Oyamatsu ◽  
Hideki Tsubouchi ◽  
Kunio Narita
Keyword(s):  
Lung Injury ◽  
Chest Tube ◽  
Drain Tube ◽  
Chest Drainage ◽  
Respiratory Condition ◽  
Penrose Drain ◽  
Multiple Rib Fractures ◽  
Lung Injuries ◽  
The Right ◽  
Damaged Vessel

Abstract Background Pulmonary tractotomy effectively treats deep pulmonary penetrating injuries; however, it requires the accurate insertion of forceps or a stapler into the wound tract. This report describes a case of tractotomy using the Penrose drain guide for a deep lung injury caused by chest drainage. Case presentation A 75-year-old man suffered multiple rib fractures and hemothorax. After admission, chest tube drainage was performed because the patient’s respiratory condition deteriorated due to increased right pleural effusion. However, as the chest tube was stabbing into the right upper lobe, a pulmonary tractotomy was performed to treat the injury. Cutting the visceral pleura just over the tip of the chest tube caused the tube to completely penetrate the lung. A Penrose drain tube was fixed to the chest tube, which was then removed. The Penrose drain tube completely penetrated the lung and was coupled to the anvil side of the stapler to guide it smoothly into the wound tract. After stapling left the wound tract open, selective suture ligation of the damaged vessel and bronchioles was performed. Conclusions Although the indications for tractotomy using the Penrose drain guide are limited, we believe that this technique can be useful in patients with deep stabbing or penetrating lung injuries with rod- or tube-shaped foreign body remnants.

scholarly journals Simulated aeromedical evacuation exacerbates burn induced lung injury: targeting mitochondrial DNA for reversal

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng-Jing Xiao ◽  
Xiao-Fang Zou ◽  
Bin Li ◽  
Bao-Long Li ◽  
Shi-Jian Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Injury ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Hypobaric Hypoxia ◽  
Dnase I ◽  
Treatment Intervention ◽  
Aeromedical Evacuation ◽  
Hypoxia Exposure ◽  
Histopathological Evaluation ◽  
Lung Injuries ◽  
Mda Content

Abstract Background Aeromedical evacuation of patients with burn trauma is an important transport method in times of peace and war, during which patients are exposed to prolonged periods of hypobaric hypoxia; however, the effects of such exposure on burn injuries, particularly on burn-induced lung injuries, are largely unexplored. This study aimed to determine the effects of hypobaric hypoxia on burn-induced lung injuries and to investigate the underlying mechanism using a rat burn model. Methods A total of 40 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (10 in each group): sham burn (SB) group, burn in normoxia condition (BN) group, burn in hypoxia condition (BH) group, and burn in hypoxia condition with treatment intervention (BHD) group. Rats with 30% total body surface area burns were exposed to hypobaric hypoxia (2000 m altitude simulation) or normoxia conditions for 4 h. Deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) was administered systemically as a treatment intervention. Systemic inflammatory mediator and mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (mtDNA) levels were determined. A histopathological evaluation was performed and the acute lung injury (ALI) score was determined. Malonaldehyde (MDA) content, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome level were determined in lung tissues. Data among groups were compared using analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s test post hoc analysis. Results Burns resulted in a remarkably higher level of systemic inflammatory cytokines and mtDNA release, which was further heightened by hypobaric hypoxia exposure (P < 0.01). Moreover, hypobaric hypoxia exposure gave rise to increased NLRP3 inflammasome expression, MDA content, and MPO activity in the lung (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Burn-induced lung injuries were exacerbated, as shown by the histopathological evaluation and ALI score (P < 0.01). Administration of DNase I markedly reduced mtDNA release and systemic inflammatory cytokine production. Furthermore, the NLRP3 inflammasome level in lung tissues was decreased and burn-induced lung injury was ameliorated (P < 0.01). Conclusions Our results suggested that simulated aeromedical evacuation further increased burn-induced mtDNA release and exacerbated burn-induced inflammation and lung injury. DNase I reduced the release of mtDNA, limited mtDNA-induced systemic inflammation, and ameliorated burn-induced ALI. The intervening mtDNA level is thus a potential target to protect from burn-induced lung injury during aeromedical conditions and provides safer air evacuations for severely burned patients.

scholarly journals More to Lose? Noise-Risk Perceptions of Young Adults with Hearing Impairment

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (04) ◽  
pp. 319-331
Author(s):  
Deborah Black ◽  
Lyndal Carter
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Chi Square

AbstractThis study investigated the attitudes and behaviors of young adults with hearing impairment (HI), in relation to leisure noise. It was hypothesized that young people with HI would have more negative perceptions of noise exposure than their peers with nonimpaired (normal) hearing (NH) and would engage more frequently in self-protective behaviors. Questionnaires were administered as part of a larger study of young Australians with: (1) preadult onset HI and (2) NH. Data from adults (age range 18 to 24 years; n = 79 with HI, n = 131 with NH) were selected for the current analysis. Attitudes data for HI and NH groups were compared using chi-square tests, and the reported use of hearing aids and personal hearing protectors (PHPs) in leisure environments was quantified. Most participants with HI and NH regarded leisure noise as a health hazard but rated their own noise-injury risk as lower than that of their peer group. The use of PHPs was low overall, and many participants with HI reported using hearing aids (switched on) during noisy leisure activities. An equal and substantial proportion of participants with HI and NH reported dislike and avoidance of loud activities. Systematic noise management in leisure environments would address noise-injury risk and also enhance social participation.

Injury risk assessment based on pre-crash variables: The role of closing velocity and impact eccentricity

2021 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 105864
Author(s):  
Michelangelo-Santo Gulino ◽  
Leonardo Di Gangi ◽  
Alessio Sortino ◽  
Dario Vangi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Injury Risk
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