Potassium iodide and miltefosine inhibit biofilms of Sporothrix schenckii species complex in yeast and filamentous forms

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 764-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira Brilhante ◽  
Maria Lucilene Queiroz da Silva ◽  
Vandbergue Santos Pereira ◽  
Jonathas Sales de Oliveira ◽  
Juliana Maria Maciel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Iodide ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Sporothrix Schenckii ◽  
Planktonic Cells ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Filamentous Form ◽  
Yeast Form ◽  
Complex Forms ◽  
Microscopic Techniques

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the yeast biofilm growth kinetics and ultrastructure of Sporothrix schenckii complex and assess their mature biofilm susceptibility in filamentous and yeast forms to potassium iodide (KI) and miltefosine (MIL). Yeast biofilms were evaluated by crystal violet staining, XTT reduction assay and microscopic techniques. Susceptibility of planktonic and sessile cells was analyzed by broth microdilution. S. schenckii complex in yeast form produced biofilms, with an optimum maturation at 96 h, showing multilayered blastoconidia embedded in extracellular matrix. KI and MIL minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranges against planktonic cells were 62,500–250,000 μg/ml and 0.125–4 μg/ml, respectively. KI and MIL reduced biofilm metabolic activity by 75.4% and 67.7% for filamentous form and 55.1% and 51.6% for yeast form, respectively. This study demonstrated that S. schenckii complex forms biofilms in vitro, and potassium iodide and miltefosine inhibit Sporothrix spp. biofilms in both filamentous and yeast forms.

scholarly journals Assessment of acid phosphatase enzyme and influence of potassium iodide on its production in the yeast form of Sporothrix schenckii

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 4548
Author(s):  
Rajesh Bareja ◽  
Prem S. Grover ◽  
Sudhir K. Mehra
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Potassium Iodide ◽  
Sporothrix Schenckii ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Yeast Nitrogen Base ◽  
Nitrogen Base ◽  
Yeast Form ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Phosphatase Enzyme

Background: Sporotrichosis is caused by a dimorphic fungal species, Sporothrix schenckii (S. schenckii). The enzyme acid phosphatase is pervasive among yeast and yeast like fungi. It has been studied in various fungi like Aspergillus oryzae, Candida albicans etc. but in S. schenckii little is known about enzyme acid phosphatase. The present study depicts the in-vitro influence of Potassium Iodide (KI) on the enzyme acid phosphatase produced by the S. schenckii (yeast form).Methods: A master culture was prepared by incorporating the standard strain of S. schenckii in YNB (Yeast Nitrogen Base) medium and was incubated at 37ºC. After preparing the increasing concentrations with KI in YNB medium, 1.0 mL suspension of master culture was inoculated into each bottle and incubated at 37ºC for different time period 6th, 12th, 18th day (early, mid, peak of log period) respectively. After centrifuging, a 5% homogenate was prepared, which was used for acid phosphatase enzyme assay.Results: The mean acid phosphatase level of control specimen was 20.9±2.01, 50.0±2.25, 45.0±5.10 μg and test specimens was ranged from 14.9±4.89 to 20.2±3.49, 10.2±4.19 to 40.0±6.39 and 10.0±1.81 to 34.7±6.08 μg on day 6, 12 and 18 respectively. The mean value was lower significantly for all the test concentrations as compared to control (p<0.05).Conclusions: The low activity of the enzyme acid phosphatase indicates that KI has inhibitory effect on the growth of S. schenckii that has led to decrease in the activity of the enzyme.

Antifungal activity of deferiprone and EDTA against Sporothrix spp.: Effect on planktonic growth and biofilm formation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira Brilhante ◽  
Anderson da Cunha Costa ◽  
Vandbergue Santos Pereira ◽  
Mirele Rodrigues Fernandes ◽  
Jonathas Sales de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
Sporothrix Schenckii ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Synergistic Interaction ◽  
Planktonic Cells ◽  
Yeast Form

Abstract The present study evaluated the antifungal activity of the chelators deferiprone (DFP) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and their effect on biofilm formation of the S. schenckii complex. Eighteen strains of Sporothrix spp. (seven S. brasiliensis, three S. globosa, three S. mexicana and five Sporothrix schenckii sensu stricto) were used. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for EDTA and DFP against filamentous forms of Sporothrix spp. ranged from 32 to 128 μg/ml. For antifungal drugs, MIC values ranged from 0.25 to 4 μg/ml for amphotericin B, from 0.25 to 4 μg/ml for itraconazole, and from 0.03 to 0.25 μg/ml for terbinafine. The chelators caused inhibition of Sporothrix spp. in yeast form at concentrations ranging from 16 to 64 μg/ml (for EDTA) and 8 to 32 μg/ml (for DFP). For antifungal drugs, MIC values observed against the yeast varied from 0.03 to 0.5 μg/ml for AMB, 0.03 to 1 μg/ml for ITC, and 0.03 to 0.13 μg/ml for TRB. Both DFP and EDTA presented synergistic interaction with antifungals against Sporothrix spp. in both filamentous and yeast form. Biofilms formed in the presence of the chelators (512 μg/ml) showed a reduction of 47% in biomass and 45% in metabolic activity. Our data reveal that DFP and EDTA reduced the growth of planktonic cells of Sporothrix spp., had synergistic interaction with antifungal drugs against this pathogen, and reduced biofilm formation of Sporothrix spp. Lay Summary Our data reveal that iron chelators deferiprone and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid reduced the growth of planktonic cells of Sporothrix spp. as well as had synergistic interaction with antifungal drugs against this pathogen and reduced biofilm formation of Sporothrix spp.

scholarly journals Intravital Imaging of Candida albicans Identifies Differential In Vitro and In Vivo Filamentation Phenotypes for Transcription Factor Deletion Mutants

mSphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohan S. Wakade ◽  
Manning Huang ◽  
Aaron P. Mitchell ◽  
Melanie Wellington ◽  
Damian J. Krysan
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Deletion Mutants ◽  
Filamentous Form ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Yeast Form ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Do So

Candida albicans is one of the most common causes of fungal infections in humans. C. albicans undergoes a transition from a round yeast form to a filamentous form during infection, which is critical for its ability to cause disease. Although this transition has been studied in the laboratory for years, methods to do so in an animal model of infection have been limited.

scholarly journals Grapevine extracts and their effect on selected gut-associated microbiota: In vitro study

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 137-143
Author(s):  
Michaela Rollová ◽  
Lucia Gharwalova ◽  
Aleš Krmela ◽  
Věra Schulzová ◽  
Jana Hajšlová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Probiotic Strain ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Bifidobacterium Animalis ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogenic

The biological activity of polyphenol substances contained in food supplements prepared from Vitis vinifera can affect the microorganisms present in the digestive tract in terms of their representation and activity of the individual species. This study deals with resveratrol and two polyphenol-rich extracts (extract from V. vinifera canes and the commercial product Regrapex-R-forte) and their effect on selected gut microbiota (Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bb-12, Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5, Lactobacillus casei Lafti L-26, Citrobacter freundii DBM 3127, Escherichia coli DBM 3125). The effect of the studied agents on planktonic and biofilm growth of the microorganisms was determined as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC80) and minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC80), respectively. The extracts induced metabolic activity as well as total biofilm biomass production in probiotic strain L. acidophilus LA-5 while successfully inhibiting the growth of opportunistic pathogenic microorganisms C. freundii DBM 3127 and E. coli DBM 3125.

scholarly journals In vitro antibacterial activity of telithromycin against Enterococcus spp. isolated from China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanpeng Xiong ◽  
Junwen Chen ◽  
Xiang Sun ◽  
Guangjian Xu ◽  
Peiyu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Planktonic Cells ◽  
Enterococcal Infection ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Excellent Activity ◽  
Enterococcus Spp ◽  
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Sequence Types

Abstract Background: Enterococci has resistant to a wide range of antimicrobials, and the treatment of enterococcal infection has always been an issue of concern. This study aimed to explore the new ketolides antimicrobials-telithromycin, against the planktonic cells and biofilms of enterococci. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of telithromycin was determined. The sequence types (STs) and genotypes of resistance to erythromycin in enterococci were detected. Furthermore, the effect of telithromycin against the biofilms of enterococci were investigated.Results: A total of 280 Enterococcus faecalis and 122 Enterococcus faecium isolates were collected from individual inpatients in China. Telithromycin showed excellent activity against the E. faecalis and E. faecium strains no matter sensitive or resistant to erythromycin with erm A, erm B or erm C, with the MIC50 at 2 μg/mL and 4 μg/mL, respectively. The predominant STs of E. faecalis isolates were ST16, ST30, ST179, and ST18, ST78, ST80 were the predominant STs of E. faecium isolates. Moreover, 87.1% (135/158) and 80.4% (41/51) isolates of the predominant STs carried the erm genes in E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates, respectively. The subinhibitory concentration of telithromycin (at 1/4× and 1/8× MICs) significantly inhibited the biofilm formation of 16 E. faecalis isolates. Telithromycin (at 8× MIC) indicated the removal effect on the established biofilms of 8 E. faecalis isolates, and combined with ampicillin eradicated more biofilms than telithromycin or ampicillin alone.Conclusion: Telithromycin showed an excellent activity against the planktonic cells of E. faecalis and E. faecium, and against the biofilms of E. faecalis.

scholarly journals In vitro susceptibility of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast form to antifungal agents

1984 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 322-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Restrepo ◽  
Catalina de Bedoutand Angela M. Tabares
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Paracoccidioides Brasiliensis ◽  
Fractional Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Yeast Form ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Combined Use

A study was conducted to determine the susceptibility of P. brasiliensis yeast form to amphotericin B (A), ketoconazole (K), 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) and rifampin (R). The three isolates tested produced minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) (mcg/ml) in the following range: A: 0.09-0.18; K: 0.001-0.007; 5-FC: 62.5-250 and R: 40-80. The minimal fungicidal concentrations (MFC) were several times higher than the corresponding MICs. Precise MFC for 5-FC were not obtained (> 500 mcg/ml). Combination of K plus A proved synergic, with the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) indices revealing synergy when the drugs were combined at the 1 to 1 and 1 to 5 MIC ratios. R (40 mcg/ml) appeared to antagonize K. These results indicate promise for the combined use of K plus A as a therapeutical regimen.

Effect of different antibiotics against in vitro Staphylococcus aureus biofilm grown on chitin flakes

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
Soma Banerjee ◽  
Abira Sahu ◽  
Shouvik Dutta ◽  
Rimashree Baishya ◽  
Prasanta Kumar Maiti
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Planktonic Cells ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Planktonic Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibilities ◽  
Standard Assay ◽  
Inert Surface ◽  
Growth Of Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Combination

MIC determination is the standard assay for testing the susceptibility of planktonic bacteria to antibiotics. It has been observed that biofilm grown cells express properties distinct from planktonic cells, for which antibiotics are generally not effective against biofilm forming organisms. The current study aims at comparison of the susceptibilities of biofilm grown cells to sin-gle antibiotic and in combination with others to identify those that were effective against Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. S. aureus ATCC 25923 were used for the purpose. They were grown in Tryptic Soya Broth (TSB) with chitin flakes as the inert surface to which the organisms adhered to produce the biofilm. Growth pattern of both biofilm producing and planktonic cells were studied. Viable counts were determined on Tryptic Soya Agar (TSA) plates. Different antibiotics viz. gentamicin, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin were used to determine the sensitivity of the bacterial strain. There was a marked differ-ence in antibiotic susceptibility between the planktonic and biofilm popula-tion of the organism. It was found that the biofilm colonies were more resistant to the antibiotics like ciprofloxacin, vancomycin and gentamicin than the planktonic cells. The reduction in growth of bacteria was much more for gentamicin compared to that of ciprofloxacin and vancomycin and when antibiotic combination gentamicin - vancomycin it is much more reduced. It is thus clear from the test that the antibiotic susceptibilities of planktonic populations are not necessarily applicable to the effective treatment of the same organism once a biofilm has been established.

Effect of potassium iodide on growth of Sporothrix schenckii in yeast form

Spatula DD ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Rajesh Bareja ◽  
Prem Grover ◽  
Sudhir Mehra
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Iodide ◽  
Sporothrix Schenckii ◽  
Yeast Form

scholarly journals In vitro inhibitory effect of statins on planktonic cells and biofilms of the Sporothrix schenckii species complex

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 838-843
Author(s):  
Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira Brilhante ◽  
Xhaulla Maria Quariguasi Cunha Fonseca ◽  
Vandbergue Santos Pereira ◽  
Géssica dos Santos Araújo ◽  
Jonathas Sales de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Sporothrix Schenckii ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Planktonic Cells ◽  
Complex Species ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Coa Reductase

Introduction. Sporotrichosis, caused by species of the Sporothrix schenckii complex, is the most prevalent subcutaneous mycosis in many areas of Latin America. Statins are a class of drugs widely used for lowering high sterol levels through their action on 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, a key enzyme in the synthesis of sterol. Aim. In this study, the antifungal activity of statins (simvastatin, atorvastatin, pravastatin) against planktonic cells and biofilms of S. schenckii complex species was evaluated, as well as the interaction of pravastatin with classical antifungals (amphotericin B, itraconazole, terbinafine). Methodology. Eighteen strains of Sporothrix species were used. The antifungal susceptibility assay was performed using the broth microdilution method. Mature biofilms were exposed to statins and metabolic activity was measured by the XTT reduction assay. Results. MICs of statins ranged from 8 to 512 μg ml−1 and from 8 to 256 μg ml−1 for filamentous and yeast forms, respectively. Regarding mature biofilms, MICs of 50 % inhibition (SMIC50) were 128 μg ml−1 for simvastatin and atorvastatin and >2048 μg ml−1 for pravastatin. MICs of 90 % inhibition (SMIC90) were 512 μg ml−1 for simvastatin and >2048 μg ml−1 for atorvastatin and pravastatin. Conclusion. These results highlight the antifungal and antibiofilm potential of statins against S. schenckii complex species.

Effect of Temperature, Velocity Gradient and I.V. Heparin on in Vitro Blood Coagulation and Platelet Aggregation

1967 ◽  
Vol 17 (01/02) ◽  
pp. 112-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Dintenfass ◽  
M. C Rozenberg
Keyword(s):  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
Velocity Gradient ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Progressive Change ◽  
Aggregation Of Platelets ◽  
Microscopic Techniques

SummaryA study of blood coagulation was carried out by observing changes in the blood viscosity of blood coagulating in the cone-in-cone viscometer. The clots were investigated by microscopic techniques.Immediately after blood is obtained by venepuncture, viscosity of blood remains constant for a certain “latent” period. The duration of this period depends not only on the intrinsic properties of the blood sample, but also on temperature and rate of shear used during blood storage. An increase of temperature decreases the clotting time ; also, an increase in the rate of shear decreases the clotting time.It is confirmed that morphological changes take place in blood coagula as a function of the velocity gradient at which such coagulation takes place. There is a progressive change from the red clot to white thrombus as the rates of shear increase. Aggregation of platelets increases as the rate of shear increases.This pattern is maintained with changes of temperature, although aggregation of platelets appears to be increased at elevated temperatures.Intravenously added heparin affects the clotting time and the aggregation of platelets in in vitro coagulation.

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