scholarly journals Combined lensed estimator to probe the post reionization H i power spectrum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urvashi Arora ◽  
Prasun Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Power Spectrum ◽  
Galaxy Clusters ◽  
Galaxy Cluster ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Statistical Distribution ◽  
Nearby Galaxy ◽  
Gravitational Lenses ◽  
Total Observation Time ◽  
Total Observation

Abstract In the post-reionization era, the baryons assembled into the protogalaxies and eventually the present population of the galaxies evolved through merger and evolution. In this work, we discuss a possible probe of the statistical distribution and evolution of the H i density in the post reionization era. We introduce an estimator of the H i power spectrum from the post reionization universe by observing it through the strong gravitational lenses by the nearby galaxy cluster. We also analytically calculate the uncertainties associated with the estimates of the post-EoR power spectrum for the discussed estimator. We access the efficacy of this estimator in the context of 19 galaxy clusters for which the lensing potential has been estimated earlier by various authors. We find that by combining the lensed power spectrum through eight of these cluster lenses, it is possible to estimate the post-reionization H i power spectrum at five-sigma significance for angular multipoles <4000 for a uGMRT observation of 16 MHz bandwidth from redshifts of 1.25, 1.5 with a total of 400 hours of observation. With the same setup, for a redshift of 3.0, we need 200 hours of total observation time. The estimator also suppresses the diffused galactic foreground, though, the latter is still a dominant contributor to the overall signal and hence need to be estimated and mitigated. We discuss the merits and demerits of the estimator.

Stability in Waking-Sleep States in Neonates as a Predictor of Long-Term Neurologic Outcome

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-63
Author(s):  
Cesare T. Lombroso ◽  
Yoichi Matsumiya
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Newborn Period ◽  
Waking And Sleep ◽  
Total Observation Time ◽  
Total Observation ◽  
The Individual

Thirty-three full-term neonates were ranked blindly on a scale ranging from the least to the highest "risk" for future neurologic complications on the basis of available perinatal biographies, tests, and examinations performed during the newborn period. Four prolonged polygraphic-behavioral recordings were obtained one week apart beginning at ten days after birth. Five waking and sleep states were scored in each session as percentages of total observation time, giving a total of 20 scores for each baby to be subjected to analysis of variance. These measures also provided individual profile consistency or variability in maintaining waking-sleep states over the selected period of postnatal time. The whole cohort, except three infants who could not be followed adequately, was then reexamined periodically over a period ranging from 3 to 4 years (±6 months) for neurologic and developmental assessments. Except for two scores that produced a low level of statistical significance (P < .05), the other 18 scores were found to be not associated with long-term outcomes. Even the first two scores were not satisfactory discriminators for the outcome of the individual babies. However, when coefficients of concordance (W) were computed from each individual baby profile, significant statistics (P < .001) emerged to indicate good correlations between high or low W values in the newborn period and long-term outcomes. All 17 newborns who had W scores greater than 0.9 were found to be normal at follow-up regardless of the poor ranking given several of them during the newborn period. Among the 13 newborns who had W scores less than 0.9, 11 had a poor clinical outcome at follow-up, though several had been ranked initially as falling within the least "risk" group.

scholarly journals Gravitational theory of cosmology, galaxies and galaxy clusters

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Moffat
Keyword(s):  
Power Spectrum ◽  
Galaxy Clusters ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Galaxy Cluster ◽  
Gravitational Theory ◽  
Baryon Density ◽  
Late Time ◽  
Matter Power Spectrum ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Parameter Values

AbstractA modified gravitational theory explains early universe and late time cosmology, galaxy and galaxy cluster dynamics. The modified gravity (MOG) theory extends general relativity (GR) by three extra degrees of freedom: a scalar field G, enhancing the strength of the Newtonian gravitational constant $$G_N$$ G N , a gravitational, spin 1 vector graviton field $$\phi _\mu $$ ϕ μ , and the effective mass $$\mu $$ μ of the ultralight spin 1 graviton. For $$t < t_\mathrm{rec}$$ t < t rec , where $$t_\mathrm{rec}$$ t rec denotes the time of recombination and re-ionization, the density of the vector graviton $$\rho _\phi > \rho _b$$ ρ ϕ > ρ b , where $$\rho _b$$ ρ b is the density of baryons, while for $$t > t_\mathrm{rec}$$ t > t rec we have $$\rho _b > \rho _\phi $$ ρ b > ρ ϕ . The matter density is parameterized by $$\Omega _M=\Omega _b+\Omega _\phi +\Omega _r$$ Ω M = Ω b + Ω ϕ + Ω r where $$\Omega _r=\Omega _\gamma +\Omega _\nu $$ Ω r = Ω γ + Ω ν . For the cosmological parameter values obtained by the Planck Collaboration, the CMB acoustical oscillation power spectrum, polarization and lensing data can be fitted as in the $$\Lambda $$ Λ CDM model. When the baryon density $$\rho _b$$ ρ b dominates the late time universe, MOG explains galaxy rotation curves, the dynamics of galaxy clusters, galaxy lensing and the galaxy clusters matter power spectrum without dominant dark matter.

scholarly journals Recurrence of Cholesteatoma - A Retrospective Study Including 1,006 Patients for More than 33 Years

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (01) ◽  
pp. e18-e23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Rønde Møller ◽  
Christina Nygaard Pedersen ◽  
Line R. Grosfjeld ◽  
Christian E. Faber ◽  
Bjarki D. Djurhuus
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ear ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Retraction Pocket ◽  
Risk Of Recurrence ◽  
Middle Ear Cholesteatoma ◽  
Total Observation Time ◽  
Total Observation ◽  
First Time

Abstract Introduction Cholesteatomas are benign tumors consisting of skin, and growing inside a retraction pocket in the tympanic membrane. Cholesteatomas can occupy the entirety of the middle ear, and are known for their osteolytic capabilities. Surgery is the only curative treatment for cholesteatomas. Objective To describe the risk of recurrence after first-time surgically-treated middle-ear cholesteatoma (STMEC1) on the island of Funen from 1983 to 2015. Methods Cases of STMEC1 were identified in the Danish National Hospital Register. The medical records were reviewed. Time-to-event analyses were applied. The ears were followed from STMEC1 to a secondary cholesteatoma, emigration, death, or end of follow-up. Results Records from 1,006 patients with STMEC1 were reviewed. A total of 54 patients were submitted to surgery on both ears. The total sample consisted of 1,060 ears with STMEC1; 300 were children's (< 16 years) ears, and 760 were adult's ears. The total observation time was of 12,049 years.The overall estimated proportion with recurrence 5 years after surgery was of 37% in children and of 15% in adults. The older the child was at the first surgery, the risk decreased by 7% per year. In children, canal wall up (CWU) mastoidectomy without obliteration was associated with a hazard ratio for recurrence of 1.9 (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.2–3.0) compared with CWU with obliteration. Conclusion Compared with adults, children were had 2.6 times more risk of recurrence. Procedures performed without mastoidectomy had the lowest risk of recurrence. In children, obliteration was associated with a significantly lower risk of recurrence. However, patients were not randomized regarding the surgical approach; thus, the association between approach and risk of recurrence was likely influenced by confounding factors.

scholarly journals The effects of introducing the Amazonian squirrel monkey on the behavior of the northeast marmoset

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fátima Luciana Miranda CAMAROTTI ◽  
Valdir Luna da SILVA ◽  
Maria Adélia Borstelmann de OLIVEIRA
Keyword(s):  
Squirrel Monkey ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Callithrix Jacchus ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Saimiri Sciureus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Total Observation Time ◽  
Total Observation ◽  
The Impact

The squirrel monkey Saimiri sciureus, an endemic primate of the Amazonian Basin, has been introduced in many localities of the Atlantic Forest biome. Introduced exotic species gain a competitive advantage in their new environment because of a lack of natural predators, competitors or diseases. This advantage can result in a reduction in the resources for the endemic species. The aims of this work were to evaluate the level of adaptation, and monitor the forms of interaction and the impact caused by S. sciureus on the behavior of the native species Callithrix jacchus in the Saltinho Biological Reserve, Tamandaré, Pernambuco, Brazil. The behavior was assessed by use of scan sampling method, every 5 min. A total of 382 h (191 h or 2,292 scans per group) of time sampling was performed. Sixteen interactions were recorded. The interaction index was low and represented 2.4% of the total observation time. Interactions were significantly higher during the dry season (58.5%) relative to the rainy season (41.5%). Callithrix jacchus was intolerant to the presence of S. sciureus and the last one was more tolerant during the interactions. In the presence of S. sciureus, C. jacchus eating, foraging, resting, socializing, and self-grooming behaviors were reduced while alertness was increased. Territorial behavior showed no significant difference. In the presence of S. sciureus, on average, the group of marmosets assembled at a higher layer of the forest stratum. The results might indicate a negative effect of S. sciureus on the native species, C. jacchus.

Incidence and severity of prostate cancer (PCa) in 792 hypogonadal men with and without long-term testosterone therapy (TTh): Results from a controlled registry study.

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 167-167
Author(s):  
Ahmad Haider ◽  
Karim Sultan Haider
Keyword(s):  
Radical Prostatectomy ◽  
Gleason Score ◽  
Transrectal Ultrasound ◽  
Digital Rectal Examination ◽  
Tumor Grade ◽  
Tumor Stage ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Testosterone Undecanoate ◽  
Total Observation Time ◽  
Total Observation

167 Background: There is no evidence that TTh in hypogonadal men increases PCa incidence or severity. A US-Scandinavian group recently found that men receiving TTh had lower risk of aggressive PCa (Loeb S et al., J Clin Oncol 2017; 35:1430-6). Methods: 412 men with testosterone ≤350 ng/dL and symptoms received testosterone undecanoate 1000 mg every 3 months for up to 12 years. 380 hypogonadal men (57-74) opted against TTh. Median follow-up: 9 years. Total observation time covered approximately 6,400 patient-years. Prostate volume (PV) and PSA were measured and digital rectal examination/transrectal ultrasound performed before treatment/observation initiation and then every 3-6 months (T-group) or once or twice per year (CTRL). Biopsies were performed when indicated according to EAU guidelines. Results: In the T-group, 11 men (2.7%) were diagnosed with PCa. In CTRL, 34 (8.9%) were diagnosed with PCa. The incidence per 10,000 years was 33 in the T-group and 108 in CTRL. The mean baseline age of PCa patients was 65.2 years in the T-group and 64.3 in CTRL. All PCa diagnoses in the T-group were made within the first 18 months of treatment initiation. In CTRL, PCa was diagnosed at any time during the observation time. In the T-group, radical prostatectomy was performed in all men. All but 1 patient had a Gleason score (GS) ≤6, and all but 1 a predominant GS of 3. Tumor grade was G2 in all 11 (100%), tumor stage T2a in 7 (64%), T2b in 3 (27%), and T2c in 1 (9%) patient(s). In CTRL, radical prostatectomy was performed in all but 6 patients. GS was > 6 in all 34 patients. 7 men had a GS of 7, 17 a GS of 8, and 10 a GS of 9. 2 men had a predominant Gleason score of 3, 22 had 4, and 10 had 5. Tumor grade was G2 in 6 (17.6%) and G3 in 28 (82.4%) patients, tumor stage T2c in 1 (0.3%), T3a in 3 (8.8%), T3b in 13 (38.2%) and T3c in 17 (50%) patients. In CTRL, biochemical recurrence occurred in 8 (23.5%) patients. These patients received androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). 10 (29.4%) patients died of whom 5 were on ADT. In the T-group, there were no biochemical recurrences or deaths during the observation time. Conclusions: In hypogonadal men, TTh may decrease PCa incidence compared to CTRL. PCa was less severe in the T-group.

scholarly journals The parallelism between galaxy clusters and early-type galaxies

2020 ◽  
Vol 641 ◽  
pp. A94 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D’Onofrio ◽  
C. Chiosi ◽  
M. Sciarratta ◽  
P. Marziani
Keyword(s):  
Galaxy Clusters ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Galaxy Cluster ◽  
Star Formation History ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Nearby Galaxy ◽  
Early Type ◽  
Massive Galaxies ◽  
Evolving Systems ◽  
Evolutionary Paths

Context. This is the second work dedicated to the observed parallelism between galaxy clusters (GCs) and early-type galaxies (ETGs). The focus is on the distribution of these systems in the scaling relations (SRs) observed when effective radii, effective surface brightness, total luminosities, and velocity dispersions are mutually correlated. Aims. Using the data of the Illustris simulation we speculate on the origin of the observed SRs. Methods. We compare the observational SRs extracted from the database of the WIde-field Nearby Galaxy-cluster Survey with the relevant parameters coming from the Illustris simulations. Then we use the simulated data at different redshift to infer the evolution of the SRs. Results. The comparison demonstrate that GCs at z ∼ 0 follow the same log(L)−​log(σ) relation of ETGs and that both in the log(⟨I⟩e)−​log(Re) and log(Re)−​log(M*) planes the distribution of GCs is along the sequence defined by the brightest and massive early-type galaxies (BCGs). The Illustris simulation reproduces the tails of the massive galaxies visible both in the log(⟨I⟩e)−​log(Re) and log(Re)−​log(M*) planes, but fails to give the correct estimate of the effective radii of the dwarf galaxies that appear too large and those of GCs that are too small. The evolution of the SRs up to z = 4 permits to reveal the complex evolutionary paths of galaxies in the SRs and indicate that the line marking the zone of exclusion, visible in the log(⟨I⟩e)−​log(Re) and the log(Re)−​log(M*) planes, is the trend followed by virialized and passively evolving systems. Conclusions. We speculate that the observed SRs originate from the intersection of the virial theorem and a relation L = L0′σβ where the luminosities depend on the star formation history.

scholarly journals A decadal cirrus clouds climatology from ground-based and spaceborne lidars above the south of France (43.9° N–5.7° E)

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 6951-6963 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Hoareau ◽  
P. Keckhut ◽  
V. Noel ◽  
H. Chepfer ◽  
J.-L. Baray
Keyword(s):  
Observation Time ◽  
Cirrus Clouds ◽  
Cirrus Cloud ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
Cloud Parameters ◽  
Cloud Properties ◽  
Total Observation Time ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ground Based Lidar ◽  
Total Observation

Abstract. This study provides an analysis of cirrus cloud properties at midlatitude in the southern part of France from ground-based and spaceborne lidars. A climatology of cirrus cloud properties and their evolution over more than 12 yr is presented and compared to other mid-latitude climatological studies. Cirrus clouds occur ~37% of the total observation time and remain quasi-constant across seasons with a variation within ~5% around the mean occurrence. Similar results are obtained from CALIOP and the ground-based lidar, with a mean difference in occurrence of ~5% between both instruments. From the ground-based lidar data, a slight decrease in occurrence of ~3% per decade is observed but found statistically insignificant. Based on a clustering analysis of cirrus cloud parameters, three distinct classes have been identified and investigations concerning their origin are discussed. Properties of these different classes are analysed, showing that thin cirrus in the upper troposphere represent ~50% of cloud cover detected in summer and fall, decreasing by 15–20% for other seasons.

The Modified Transit Method of Observation With the Wild GAK-1 Gyro Theodolite

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.G. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Turning Point ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Experimental Series ◽  
Reduction Methods ◽  
Total Observation Time ◽  
Total Observation ◽  
Transit Method

In UNISURV Report No. 15, 1969, this author gave the theory and practice of methods that have been developed for the transit and turning point methods of observation with the gyro theodolite to reduce the total observation time. Since the publication of that report, a longer experimental series of observations has been made to test the repeatability of the modified transit method and to assess the reliability of the reduction process. The results of this experimental series are given together with an analysis of various reduction methods.

Motion of bones and volume changes in the neurocranium after craniectomy in Crouzon's disease

1979 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 494-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bodil Rune ◽  
Göran Selvik ◽  
Sven Kreiborg ◽  
Karl-Victor Sarnäs ◽  
Erik Kågström
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Sagittal Suture ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Metallic Implants ◽  
Total Observation Time ◽  
Total Observation ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Craniectomy was performed on a boy with Crouzon's disease at 22 months of age. Metallic implants (tantalum balls, 0.5 mm in diameter) were inserted in the calvaria during surgery, and the child was examined postoperatively by roentgen stereometry at intervals of about 100 days (total observation time, 309 days). The thyroid radiation dose was 250 µGy for one examination. The effect of craniectomy was recorded with a high degree of accuracy in terms of motion of bones and volume changes in the calvaria. Expansion occurred almost entirely through motion of free bone flaps in the frontal region, while a linear craniectomy in the region of the sagittal suture caused small changes. The rate of expansion decreased rapidly and stabilization was recorded about 250 days after surgery.

THE DIURNAL ETHOLOGY OF THE SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG, NEZARA VIRIDULA (L.), IN COWPEAS

1986 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Lockwood ◽  
Richard N. Story
Keyword(s):  
Time Of Day ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Nezara Viridula ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Mating Status ◽  
Southern Green Stink Bug ◽  
Green Stink Bug ◽  
Total Observation Time ◽  
Total Observation ◽  
Walking Time

A behavioral catalogue of the adult southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.), was developed from observations taken in a cowpea field. A total of 23 behaviors are described, and the effects of sex, mating status, time of day, height on the plant, and substrate on these behaviors are quantified. Of the seven most common behaviors, which occupied 97% of the total observation time, sex significantly influenced the duration and/or frequency of kicking, rocking, and mating. Mating status significantly affected the frequency of antennal waving and walking. Time of day had a significant effect on the duration and/or frequency of resting, antennal waving, feeding, kicking, and mating. Height on the plant significantly affected the duration and/or frequency of resting, antennal waving, walking, feeding, kicking, rocking, and mating. Substrate significantly influenced the duration and/or frequency of antennal waving, feeding, kicking, and mating. The proportion of time spent basking on the tops of plants decreased significantly from morning to noon and from noon to afternoon.

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