scholarly journals Long-Term Use of Glucocorticoid Exacerbates Bone Lesions in Postmenopausal Women With Rheumatoid Arthritis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaki Hatano ◽  
Izuru Kitajima ◽  
Masaki Nakamura ◽  
Kazuya Isawa ◽  
Tatsuya Suwabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Bone Lesions ◽  
Marrow Cavity ◽  
Bone Marrow Cavity ◽  
The Common

Abstract Background Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis is osteoporosis arising due to long-term use of glucocorticoids. Current despite decades of intense research, the effects of long-term use of glucocorticoids in humans on bone cells and bone structural changes remain unclear. Methods We performed postmortem histomorphometric analysis of bone from two female patients with rheumatoid arthritis aged 64y and 85y. Our two patients had been treated with glucocorticoids for 19 years and 14 years, respectively. Results In case 1, all markers of cancellous bone volume were markedly decreased compared with the age-matched reference range. Connectivity of cancellous bone trabecula was absent. Only a few island bones were noted. There was prominent thinning of the cortical bone, and extension of the bone marrow cavity into the cortical bone with prominent cortical porosis. Cortical nodes between the endocortical surface and the trabecula disappeared due to endocortical resorption. Stoppage of lamellar structure was observed because the bone resorption by osteoclasts surpassed bone formation by osteoblasts. Empty lacunae characterized by disappearance of osteocytes were visible. In case 2, all volume markers of cancellous bone were decreased to the same extent as case 1. However, cortical porosis was more prominent than case 1. Conclusion These two cases suggest that use of glucocorticoid therapy > 10 y can induce severe osteoporosis in elderly RA women with higher disease activity, and that the disappearance of cancellous bone is the common characteristic. The 85 year-old woman was characterized by cortical porosis.

scholarly journals Prediction Modeling and Sensitivity Analysis of Robot Bone Milling Temperature Operated by a Doctor

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Heqiang Tian ◽  
Jingbo Pan ◽  
Yu Gao ◽  
Xiaoqing Dang ◽  
Bin Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Model ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Prediction Method ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Milling Parameters ◽  
Cutting Surface ◽  
Milling Temperature ◽  
Cutting Modes

Bone milling is a common method in robot orthopedic surgery. However, excessive milling temperature will cause thermal necrosis of bone cells and tissues. It is necessary to carry out further research and analysis on the robot bone milling process considering the lamina milling skills of spinal surgeons and clinical practice to reduce the damage to bone cells and nearby tissues and obtain good cutting surface quality. Considering the randomness of milling parameters during operation, a prediction method of milling temperature model for ball milling cutter considering the doctor’s surgical skills was proposed based on response surface method. Because of material anisotropy and microstructure difference between the cortical bone and cancellous bone, this paper would analyze the influencing factors in different bone layers to establish the prediction model of milling temperature in the segments of cortical bone and cancellous bone. Also, the influence and distribution of milling parameters on temperature in three cutting modes such as parallel cutting mode, cross cutting mode, and vertical cutting mode in the cortical bone region were analyzed. The parameter sensitivity of the milling temperature prediction model was analyzed by the Sobol method, and the influence of the input parameters on the output milling temperature was analyzed quantitatively.

Spiral CT Analysis of the Effect of Long-Term Heavy-Load Wrist Movement on Metacarpal Bone Structure

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 847-852
Author(s):  
Lirong Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spiral Ct ◽  
Metacarpal Bone ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Heavy Load ◽  
Volume Percentage

In order to analyze the influence of long-term heavy-load wrist exercise on metacarpal structure based on spiral CT, the metacarpal data of five groups of long-term heavy-load wrist athletes and volunteers are compared. The measurement parameters are cancellous bone volume, cortical bone volume, cancellous bone volume percentage and cortical bone volume percentage. After three-dimensional reconstruction and three-dimensional image cutting of metacarpal CT images and comparing the measured parameters, the volume of cancellous metacarpal bone in the experimental group is larger than that in the control group, which indicates that long-term and heavy-load wrist exercise can produce stress stimulation on metacarpal bone, which can reconstruct bone tissue and change its composition.

Identification, localization and differentiation of erosions and physiological bone channels by ultrasound in rheumatoid arthritis patients

Rheumatology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 3784-3792
Author(s):  
Stephanie Finzel ◽  
Philippe Aegerter ◽  
Georg Schett ◽  
Maria-Antonietta D’Agostino
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Bone Lesions ◽  
Lateral Part ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Dorsal Part

Abstract Objectives Ultrasound (US) can detect cortical bone lesions in RA. However, not all cortical bone lesions are erosions. Herein, we aimed to define whether US can differentiate between physiological bone channels and pathological erosions in RA and to provide topographic description of their differential localization. Methods RA patients and healthy controls (HC) received US examination of the metacarpophalangeal (MCPJ) and proximal inter-phalangeal (PIPJ) joints adjudicating cortical bone lesions as physiological bone channels or pathological erosions. In a subset of RA patients and HC, high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) of the hand was performed to validate the classification of lesions. Results A total of 40 RA patients and 43 HC were enrolled and totally 771 MCPJ and 638 PIPJ were examined by US, and 94 and 51, respectively, by HR-pQCT. US-defined cortical bone lesions clustered in the lateral part of the MCP (50%) and the dorsal part of the PIPJ (66.7%) in RA. US-defined physiological bone channels clustered in the palmar parts of the MCPJ and PIPJ in both RA (78.8% and 100%, respectively) and HC (51.8% and 80%, respectively). HR-pQCT data confirmed US data with respect to adjudication of physiological bone channels and pathological erosions. Erosions were significantly (all P <0.000001) larger than physiological channels and preferentially localized at radial and ulnar sites, while physiological channels were clustered at palmar sites. Specificity of US was excellent for erosions in RA and for physiological bone channels in HC and RA. Conclusion US allows differentiation between physiological channels and bone erosions in RA.

scholarly journals Dr 3D SOLID MODELING AND PRE-STATIC FINITE ELEMENT MODELING OF INTACT HUMAN TIBIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 51-54
Author(s):  
MUTLAQ ALMUTAIRI
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Solid Model ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Threshold Method ◽  
Marrow Cavity ◽  
Human Tibia ◽  
Scan Data

This paper presents a standard solid model for human tibia, accounting for the material characteristics of cortical bone, cancellous bone and bone marrow. A CT scan of a cadaveric human tibia was used as the basis of developed model. A total of 201 CT scan slices of the tibia were taken with the distances between the scans varying along the length of the bone with a higher density at the proximal and distal ends, as those were the regions of interest. The data was imported into MIMICS (Materialise), and the threshold method was used to differentiate between the cortical bone region, cancellous bone region, and the bone marrow cavity. The solid model used to generate the FE model is constructed based on CT scan data of an actual cadaveric human tibia. The geometric information is retrieved and edited in (MIMICS). The surfaces defining the cortical bone, the proximal and distal epiphyseal cancellous bone and medullar cavity regions are converted into NURBS surfaces using (GEOMAGIC STUDIO).

scholarly journals Chorioretinal Alterations Induced by Preeclampsia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Xinyi He ◽  
Yimei Ji ◽  
Meiting Yu ◽  
Yuhua Tong
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Treatment Strategy ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Microvascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risks ◽  
Systematic Observation ◽  
Ocular Complications ◽  
The Common ◽  
Sticking Point

Hypertension during pregnancy, which is essentially a microvascular disease that destroys the end-organ microcirculation, should not be underestimated, as it could lead to organ failure in the kidneys, lungs, and brain. Preassessment of the microcirculatory state through systematic observation of the fundus has been proven to be noninvasive and feasible. Although hypertension in preeclampsia patients will resolve after childbirth, the sticking point is determining the best termination moment. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent long-term ocular complications and cardiovascular risks for pregnant women in the future. In order to adjust the treatment strategy through more sensitive and precise fundus changes, we comprehensively summarized the common structural changes in the fundus in preeclampsia patients, including changes in the blood vessels, choroid, and retina, as well as the application of quantitative observation for chorioretinal alterations in recent years.

Coming Together Through Falling Apart

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-168
Author(s):  
Heather Churchill ◽  
Jeremy M. Ridenour
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Psychological Assessments ◽  
Transference And Countertransference ◽  
Testing Data ◽  
Psychoanalytically Oriented Psychotherapy

Abstract. Assessing change during long-term psychotherapy can be a challenging and uncertain task. Psychological assessments can be a valuable tool and can offer a perspective from outside the therapy dyad, independent of the powerful and distorting influences of transference and countertransference. Subtle structural changes that may not yet have manifested behaviorally can also be assessed. However, it can be difficult to find a balance between a rigorous, systematic approach to data, while also allowing for the richness of the patient’s internal world to emerge. In this article, the authors discuss a primarily qualitative approach to the data and demonstrate the ways in which this kind of approach can deepen the understanding of the more subtle or complex changes a particular patient is undergoing while in treatment, as well as provide more detail about the nature of an individual’s internal world. The authors also outline several developmental frameworks that focus on the ways a patient constructs their reality and can guide the interpretation of qualitative data. The authors then analyze testing data from a patient in long-term psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapy in order to demonstrate an approach to data analysis and to show an example of how change can unfold over long-term treatments.

Immune system and bone cells in early rheumatoid arthritis

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Buondonno ◽  
Francesca Sassi ◽  
Micol Rigoni ◽  
Guido Rovera ◽  
Giovanni Carlo Isaia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Early Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Bone Cells

Effects of long-term sedentary behaviour on the cortical bone mass and distribution during growth: The HAPPY bone study

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel L Duckham ◽  
Timo Rantalainen ◽  
Christine Rodda ◽  
Anna Timperio ◽  
Nicola Hawley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mass ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Cortical Bone Mass

Serum concentrations of piroxicam in patients with rheumatoid arthritis on long-term treatment with ampiroxicam.

Ensho ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 597-605
Author(s):  
Sachiko Sugawara ◽  
Shoichiro Irimajiri ◽  
Torakichi Aoki ◽  
Shuichi Yokoyama ◽  
Sanae Ida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Long Term Treatment

The foundations of peaceful coexistence after the war ... Mosul is a model

2019 ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Omar Hashim Thanon
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Peaceful Coexistence ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Mass Displacement ◽  
The Common ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Post War ◽  
Common Destiny

Since peaceful coexistence reflects in its various aspects the concept of harmony between the members of the same society with their different national, religious and sectarian affiliations, as well as their attitudes and ideas, what brings together these are the common bonds such as land, interests and common destiny. But this coexistence is exposing for crises and instability and the theft of rights and other that destroy the communities with their different religious, national, sectarian, ethnic aspects, especially if these led to a crisis of fighting or war, which produces only destruction and mass displacement, ttherefore, the process of bridging the gap between the different parts of society in the post-war phase through a set of requirements that serve as the basis for the promotion of peaceful coexistence within the same country to consolidate civil and community peace in order to create a general framework and a coherent basis to reconstruct the community again.      Hence the premise of the research by asking about the extent of the possibility and ability of the community of religious and ethnic diversity, which has been exposed to these crises, which aimed at this diversity, basically to be able to rise and re-integrate within the same country and thus achieve civil and community peace, and Mosul is an example for that, the negative effects of the war and the accomplices of many criminal acts have given rise to hatred and fear for all, leading to the loss of livelihoods, which in the long term may have devastating social and psychological consequences.        To clarify all of this, the title of the first topic was a review of the concept and origin of peaceful coexistence. While the second topic dealt with the requirements of peaceful coexistence and social integration in Mosul, the last topic has identified the most important challenges facing the processes of coexistence and integration in Mosul. All this in order to paint a better future for the conductor at all levels in the near term at the very least to achieve the values of this peaceful coexistence, especially in the post-war period.

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