Stroke-free Survival and Its Determinants in Patients with Symptomatic Vertebrobasilar Stenosis: A Multicenter Study

Abstract OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the long-term stroke-free survival of patients who present with ischemic events related to intracranial vertebrobasilar stenosis. METHODS A retrospective cohort of patients diagnosed with symptomatic vertebrobasilar stenosis on the basis of magnetic resonance angiography and/or conventional angiography was identified at four academic medical centers. Patients' clinical and follow-up information was obtained through hospitalization records, clinic visits, and telephone interviews. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to determine the rate of stroke-free survival for a 5-year period. Cox proportional hazards analysis was performed to determine the effect of demographic and clinical factors on stroke-free survival. RESULTS A total of 102 patients were included, whose mean age was 64 ± 12 years. Fifty-five (54%) of the patients were men. The mean follow-up period was 15 ± 15.9 months (range, 1–60 mo). During the follow-up period, 14 (14%) of the patients experienced recurrent stroke. The overall mortality rate was 21% (n = 21). Stroke-free survival, calculated by using the Kaplan-Meier curve, was 76% at 12 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 66–83%) and 48% at 5 years (95% CI, 27–65%). The risk of recurrent stroke was 10.9 per 100 patient-years, and the rate of recurrent stroke and/or death was 24.2 per 100 patient-years. Cox proportional hazards analysis revealed that increasing age (hazards ratio, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.00–1.09) decreased stroke-free survival. Treatment with either antiplatelet agents or warfarin (hazards ratio, 0.018; 95% CI, 0.003–0.11) had a protective effect on stroke-free survival after adjusting for age, sex, race, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, hyperlipidemia, and lesion location. CONCLUSION A low rate of stroke-free survival is observed in patients with symptomatic vertebrobasilar stenosis. Further studies are required to evaluate new medical and endovascular treatment options for this group of patients to improve long-term stroke-free survival.

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Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Neurofibromatosis 2—Associated Vestibular Schwannomas

Neurosurgery ◽

10.1227/neu.0000000000000264 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 74 (3) ◽

pp. 292-301 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Grant W. Mallory ◽

Bruce E. Pollock ◽

Robert L. Foote ◽

Matthew L. Carlson ◽

Colin L. Driscoll ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tumor Volume ◽

Proportional Hazards ◽

Progression Free Survival ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Nerve Function ◽

Facial Nerve Function ◽

Free Survival ◽

Kaplan Meier

Abstract BACKGROUND: Management of neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2)—associated vestibular schwannomas (VSs) remains controversial. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) with conventional dosing is less effective for NF2-related VS compared with sporadic lesions. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate optimal SRS dose parameters for NF2-related VS and to report long-term outcomes. METHODS: A prospective database was reviewed and outcome measures, including radiographic progression, American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery hearing class, and facial nerve function, were analyzed. Progression-free survival was estimated with Kaplan-Meier methods. Associations between tumor progression and radiosurgical treatment parameters, tumor volume, and patient age were explored with the use of Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS: Between 1990 and 2010, 26 patients with 32 NF2-related VSs underwent SRS. Median marginal dose and tumor volume were 14 Gy and 2.7 cm3, respectively. Twenty-seven tumors (84%) showed no growth (median follow-up, 7.6 years). Kaplan-Meier estimates for 5- and 10-year progression-free survival were 85% and 80%, respectively. Cox proportional hazards demonstrated a significant inverse association between higher marginal doses and tumor progression (hazard ratio, 0.49; 95% confidence interval, 0.17-0.92; P = .02). Audiometric data were available in 30 ears, with 12 having class A/B hearing before SRS. Only 3 maintained serviceable hearing at the last follow-up. Four underwent cochlear implantation. Initially, 3 achieved open-set speech recognition, although only 1 experienced long-term benefit. Facial nerve function remained stable in 50% of cases. CONCLUSION: Higher marginal doses than commonly prescribed for sporadic VS were associated with improved tumor control in patients with NF2. Hearing outcomes were poor even when contemporary reduced marginal doses were used. However, SRS allows an anatomically preserved cochlear nerve and may permit hearing rehabilitation with cochlear implantation. Further consideration should be given to optimum dosing to achieve long-term control while maximizing functional outcomes.

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A Combined Prospective and Retrospective Comparison of Long-Term Functional Outcomes Suggests Delayed Loss of Ambulation and Pulmonary Decline with Long-Term Eteplirsen Treatment

Journal of Neuromuscular Diseases ◽

10.3233/jnd-210665 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Olga Mitelman ◽

Hoda Z. Abdel-Hamid ◽

Barry J. Byrne ◽

Anne M. Connolly ◽

Peter Heydemann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural History ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Proportional Hazards ◽

Clinical Care ◽

Standard Of Care ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards Models

Background: Studies 4658-201/202 (201/202) evaluated treatment effects of eteplirsen over 4 years in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and confirmed exon-51 amenable genetic mutations. Chart review Study 4658-405 (405) further followed these patients while receiving eteplirsen during usual clinical care. Objective: To compare long-term clinical outcomes of eteplirsen-treated patients from Studies 201/202/405 with those of external controls. Methods: Median total follow-up time was approximately 6 years of eteplirsen treatment. Outcomes included loss of ambulation (LOA) and percent-predicted forced vital capacity (FVC%p). Time to LOA was compared between eteplirsen-treated patients and standard of care (SOC) external controls and was measured from eteplirsen initiation in 201/202 or, in the SOC group, from the first study visit. Comparisons were conducted using univariate Kaplan-Meier analyses and log-rank tests, and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models with regression adjustment for baseline characteristics. Annual change in FVC%p was compared between eteplirsen-treated patients and natural history study patients using linear mixed models with repeated measures. Results: Data were included from all 12 patients in Studies 201/202 and the 10 patients with available data from 405. Median age at LOA was 15.16 years. Eteplirsen-treated patients experienced a statistically significant longer median time to LOA by 2.09 years (5.09 vs. 3.00 years, p < 0.01) and significantly attenuated rates of pulmonary decline vs. natural history patients (FVC%p change: –3.3 vs. –6.0 percentage points annually, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Study 405 highlights the functional benefits of eteplirsen on ambulatory and pulmonary function outcomes up to 7 years of follow-up in comparison to external controls.

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Event-Free Survival after 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT in recurrent Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer (HSPC) patients eligible for Salvage Therapy.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1105021/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Francesco Ceci ◽

Guido Rovera ◽

Giuseppe Carlo Iorio ◽

Alessia Guarneri ◽

Valeria Chiofalo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Salvage Therapy ◽

Proportional Hazards ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Event Free Survival ◽

Free Survival ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

Psma Pet ◽

Hormone Sensitive

Abstract Background/AimProstate-Specific-Membrane-Antigen/Positron Emission Tomography (PSMA-PET) detects with high accuracy disease-recurrence, leading to changes in the management of biochemically-recurrent (BCR) prostate cancer (PCa). However, data regarding the oncological outcomes of patients who performed PSMA-PET are needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of clinically-relevant events during follow-up in patients who performed PSMA-PET for BCR after radical treatment. Materials and Methodsthis analysis included consecutive, hormone-sensitive, hormone-free, recurrent PCa patients (HSPC) enrolled through a prospective study. All patients were eligible for salvage therapy, having at least 24 months of follow-up after PSMA-PET. The primary endpoint was the Event-Free Survival (EFS), defined as the time between the PSMA-PET and the date of event/last follow-up. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the EFS curves. EFS was also investigated by Cox proportional hazards regression. Events were defined as: death, radiological progression or PSA recurrence after therapy. ResultsOne-hundred and seventy-six (n=176) patients were analyzed (median PSA 0.62 [IQR:0.43–1.00] ng/mL; median follow-up of 35.4 [IQR:26.5-40.3] months). The EFS was 78.8% at one year, 65.2% (2-years), and 52.2% (3-years). Patients with clinically relevant events had a significantly higher median PSA (0.81 [IQR:0.53-1.28] vs 0.51 [IQR:0.36-0.80] ng/mL) and a lower PSAdt (5.4 [IQR:3.7-11.6] vs 12.7 [IQR:6.6-24.3] months) (p<0,001) compared to event-free patients. The Kaplan-Meier curves showed that PSA>0.5 ng/mL, PSAdt≤6 months and a positive PSMA-PET result were associated with a higher event rate (p<0.01). No significant differences of event rates were observed in patients who received changes in therapy management after PSMA-PET vs. patients who did not receive therapy changes. Finally, PSA> 0.5 ng/mL and PSAdt≤ 6months were statistically significant event-predictors in multi-variate model (p<0.001). ConclusionIn this cohort of HSPC patients prospectively enrolled, low PSA and long PSAdt were significant predictors of event. Furthermore, a lower incidence of events was observed also in patients having negative PSMA-PET, since longer EFS was significantly more probable in case of a negative scan.

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Effect of Statin Intensity on the Progression of Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy

Cardiac Failure Review ◽

10.15420/cfr.2021.07 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

Author(s):

Tracey M Ellimuttil ◽

Kimberly Harrison ◽

Allman T Rollins ◽

Irene D Feurer ◽

Scott A Rega ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiac Transplantation ◽

Proportional Hazards ◽

Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Cardiac Allograft ◽

Allograft Vasculopathy ◽

Free Survival ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

Significant Difference

Background: In the non-transplant population, hyperlipidaemia has shifted from targeting LDL goals to statin intensity-based treatment. It is unknown whether this strategy is also beneficial in cardiac transplantation. Methods: This single-centre retrospective study evaluated the effect of statin use and intensity on time to cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) after cardiac transplantation. Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards regression survival methods were used to assess the association of statin intensity and median post-transplant LDL on CAV-free survival. Results: The study involved 143 adults (71% men, average follow-up of 25 ± 14 months) who underwent transplant between 2013 and 2017. Mean CAV-free survival was 47.5 months (95% CI [43.1–51.8]), with 29 patients having CAV grade 1 or greater. Median LDL was not associated with time to CAV (p=0.790). CAV-free survival did not differ between intensity groups (p=0.435). Conclusion: Given the non-statistically significant difference in time to CAV with higher intensity statins, the data suggest that advancing moderate- or high-intensity statin after cardiac transplantation may not provide additional long-term clinical benefit. Trial registration: Not applicable.

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The Efficacy of Etoposide-Based Therapy in Adult Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis

Acta Haematologica ◽

10.1159/000514920 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Leonard Naymagon ◽

Douglas Tremblay ◽

John Mascarenhas

Keyword(s):

Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis ◽

Proportional Hazards ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Rank Test ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

Hazard Ratios ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Impact

Data supporting the use of etoposide-based therapy in hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) arise largely from pediatric studies. There is a lack of comparable data among adult patients with secondary HLH. We conducted a retrospective study to assess the impact of etoposide-based therapy on outcomes in adult secondary HLH. The primary outcome was overall survival. The log-rank test was used to compare Kaplan-Meier distributions of time-to-event outcomes. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Ninety adults with secondary HLH seen between January 1, 2009, and January 6, 2020, were included. Forty-two patients (47%) received etoposide-based therapy, while 48 (53%) received treatment only for their inciting proinflammatory condition. Thirty-three patients in the etoposide group (72%) and 32 in the no-etoposide group (67%) died during follow-up. Median survival in the etoposide and no-etoposide groups was 1.04 and 1.39 months, respectively. There was no significant difference in survival between the etoposide and no-etoposide groups (log-rank <i>p</i> = 0.4146). On multivariable analysis, there was no association between treatment with etoposide and survival (HR for death with etoposide = 1.067, 95% CI: 0.633–1.799, <i>p</i> = 0.8084). Use of etoposide-based therapy was not associated with improvement in outcomes in this large cohort of adult secondary HLH patients.

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Inter-pregnancy interval and later pediatric cardiovascular health of the offspring – a population-based cohort study

Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease ◽

10.1017/s2040174420001130 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Majdi Imterat ◽

Tamar Wainstock ◽

Eyal Sheiner ◽

Gali Pariente

Keyword(s):

Proportional Hazards ◽

Proportional Hazards Model ◽

Population Based ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Cardiovascular Morbidity ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽

Hazards Model ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

Inter Pregnancy Interval

Abstract Recent evidence suggests that a long inter-pregnancy interval (IPI: time interval between live birth and estimated time of conception of subsequent pregnancy) poses a risk for adverse short-term perinatal outcome. We aimed to study the effect of short (<6 months) and long (>60 months) IPI on long-term cardiovascular morbidity of the offspring. A population-based cohort study was performed in which all singleton live births in parturients with at least one previous birth were included. Hospitalizations of the offspring up to the age of 18 years involving cardiovascular diseases and according to IPI length were evaluated. Intermediate interval, between 6 and 60 months, was considered the reference. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were used to compare the cumulative morbidity incidence between the groups. Cox proportional hazards model was used to control for confounders. During the study period, 161,793 deliveries met the inclusion criteria. Of them, 14.1% (n = 22,851) occurred in parturient following a short IPI, 78.6% (n = 127,146) following an intermediate IPI, and 7.3% (n = 11,796) following a long IPI. Total hospitalizations of the offspring, involving cardiovascular morbidity, were comparable between the groups. The Kaplan–Meier survival curves demonstrated similar cumulative incidences of cardiovascular morbidity in all groups. In a Cox proportional hazards model, short and long IPI did not appear as independent risk factors for later pediatric cardiovascular morbidity of the offspring (adjusted HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.80–1.18; adjusted HR 1.01, 95% CI 0.83–1.37, for short and long IPI, respectively). In our population, extreme IPIs do not appear to impact long-term cardiovascular hospitalizations of offspring.

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Abstract 14293: Time to Wound Healing and Major Adverse Limb Events in Patients With Critical Limb Ischemia Treated With Endovascular Therapy

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.132.suppl_3.14293 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽

Author(s):

Grant W Reed ◽

Negar Salehi ◽

Pejman Raeisi-Giglou ◽

Umair Malik ◽

Rami Kafa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Endovascular Therapy ◽

Critical Limb Ischemia ◽

Proportional Hazards ◽

Limb Ischemia ◽

Major Amputation ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Time Dependent ◽

Kaplan Meier

Introduction: There have been few studies evaluating the influence of time to wound healing on outcomes in patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI) after endovascular therapy. Methods: In this prospective study, patients with CLI treated with endovascular therapy were assessed for comorbidities, presence of wounds, wound healing, and major adverse limb events (MALE; major amputation, surgical endartectomy, or bypass) over time. The incidence of MALE was compared across patient and wound characteristics by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Associations between these variables and MALE were determined by Cox proportional hazards analysis. Results: A total of 252 consecutive patients with CLI were treated between November 1, 2011 and April 1, 2015; 179 (71%) had wounds, of which 97 (54%) healed. During median follow-up of 12.7 months (interquartile range 3.9 - 23.9 months), 46 (18%) had MALE. Wounds were associated with a greater risk of MALE (Hazard Ratio [HR] 3.5; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.4-8.9; p=0.008). As a time-dependent covariate, wound healing was associated with less MALE (HR 0.23; 95% CI 0.10-0.53; p<0.001), and MALE was more frequent in patients with unhealed wounds (23% vs 11%; p<0.0001) (Figure - A). There was significantly less MALE in patients whose wounds healed within 4 months (24% vs 10%; p=0.032) (Figure - B), and less major amputation in those with healed wounds within 3 months (16% vs 5%; p=0.033). After multivariate adjustment for age, presence of diabetes, renal function, wound size, and procedural failure, independent predictors of MALE were wound healing as a time-dependent covariate (HR 0.18; 95% CI 0.08 - 0.40; p<0.0001), and creatinine ≥ 2 (HR 2.3; 95% CI 1.3-4.2; p=0.005). Conclusions: A shorter time to wound healing is associated with less MALE in patients with CLI after endovascular therapy. Efforts should be made to achieve wound healing as quickly as possible in this population, especially in those with renal dysfunction.

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Abstract 14198: Anatomic Repair of Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries is Associated With Significant Mid- and Long-term Electrophysiologic Morbidity

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.142.suppl_3.14198 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽

Author(s):

Rebecca R Hartog ◽

Kimberly J Watkins ◽

Megan Wilde ◽

Tiffany R Lim ◽

Andrew Rodenbarger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Proportional Hazards ◽

Pulmonary Stenosis ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Anatomic Repair ◽

Atrial Switch ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Congenitally Corrected Transposition ◽

Corrected Transposition

Introduction: Limited data exist on the electrophysiologic outcomes of patients undergoing anatomic repair (AR) for congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (ccTGA). AR was defined as an atrial switch procedure plus either arterial switch (ASO) or Rastelli operation. Aims: To report mid and late electrophysiologic outcomes after AR and identify risk factors for those outcomes. Methods: Single center retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing AR between 1993-2017. Data were collected from available records. Transplant-free survival to 1 year post repair was required for inclusion. Standard descriptive statistical analysis and Cox proportional hazards were used. Results: Of 85 patients included, 95% had lesions in addition to ccTGA: most commonly VSD (84%) and pulmonary stenosis or atresia (58%). Median age at AR was 1.5y (IQR 0.9-2.8) with Senning/ASO in 56%, Senning/Rastelli in 38%, and hemi-Senning/Glenn/Rastelli in 6%. During a median follow-up of 10.6y, 45 (53%) patients developed an arrhythmia requiring intervention. Atrial tachycardia (AT) in 27 (32%) or ventricular tachycardia (VT) in 11 (13%) patients required intervention at a median of 7.4y (IQR 1.6-15.3y) and 15.9y (IQR 4.5-17.9) post-AR, respectively. Treatments included chronic medications in 29 (64%), cardioversion in 15 (33%) and catheter ablation in 10 (22%). Median freedom from AT and VT was 17.3y and 25y post-AR, respectively. D-looped ventricles (p=0.03) and multiple operations prior to AR (p=0.02) were associated with increased AT risk; and native pulmonary stenosis with increased VT risk (p=0.01). Those needing heart failure/transplant referral had increased risk of both AT and VT (both p=0.04). Pacemaker was implanted for heart block and/or SND prior to or during AR in 14 (16%), immediately post-op in 9 (11%), and late (median 6y post-AR) in 24 (28%). ICDs were implanted in 5 (6% of cohort), 4 for primary prevention. No patient had an appropriate shock. Conclusions: Anatomic ccTGA repair is associated with significant electrophysiologic morbidity. AT, VT, and SND develop at a similar incidence to that reported for d-TGA patients after atrial switch. The incidence of AV block follows a similar trajectory to that of physiologically palliated ccTGA.

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Early Glomerular Hyperfiltration and Long-Term Kidney Outcomes in Type 1 Diabetes

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology ◽

10.2215/cjn.14831218 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (6) ◽

pp. 854-861 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Mark E. Molitch ◽

Xiaoyu Gao ◽

Ionut Bebu ◽

Ian H. de Boer ◽

John Lachin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Proportional Hazards ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Glomerular Hyperfiltration ◽

Iothalamate Clearance ◽

Subsequent Risk

Background and objectivesGlomerular hyperfiltration has been considered to be a contributing factor to the development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). To address this issue, we analyzed GFR follow-up data on participants with type 1 diabetes undergoing 125I-iothalamate clearance on entry into the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT)/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications study.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsThis was a cohort study of DCCT participants with type 1 diabetes who underwent an 125I-iothalamate clearance (iGFR) at DCCT baseline. Presence of hyperfiltration was defined as iGFR levels ≥140 ml/min per 1.73 m2, with secondary thresholds of 130 or 150 ml/min per 1.73 m2. Cox proportional hazards models assessed the association between the baseline hyperfiltration status and the subsequent risk of reaching an eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2.ResultsOf the 446 participants, 106 (24%) had hyperfiltration (iGFR levels ≥140 ml/min per 1.73 m2) at baseline. Over a median follow-up of 28 (interquartile range, 23, 33) years, 53 developed an eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2. The cumulative incidence of eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 at 28 years of follow-up was 11.0% among participants with hyperfiltration at baseline, compared with 12.8% among participants with baseline GFR <140 ml/min per 1.73 m2. Hyperfiltration was not significantly associated with subsequent risk of developing an eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 in an unadjusted Cox proportional hazards model (hazard ratio, 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.43 to 1.62) nor in an adjusted model (hazard ratio, 0.77; 95% confidence interval, 0.38 to 1.54). Application of alternate thresholds to define hyperfiltration (130 or 150 ml/min per 1.73 m2) showed similar findings.ConclusionsEarly hyperfiltration in patients with type 1 diabetes was not associated with a higher long-term risk of decreased GFR. Although glomerular hypertension may be a mechanism of kidney injury in DKD, higher total GFR does not appear to be a risk factor for advanced DKD.

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A Proposal of a Personalized Surveillance Strategy for Gastric Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis of 9191 Patients

Gastroenterology Research and Practice ◽

10.1155/2019/3248727 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Si-wei Pan ◽

Peng-liang Wang ◽

Han-wei Huang ◽

Lei Luo ◽

Xin Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Proportional Hazards ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Rank Test ◽

Surveillance Strategy ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

Advanced Stages ◽

Personalized Cancer

Background. In gastric cancer, various surveillance strategies are suggested in international guidelines. The current study is intended to evaluate the current strategies and provide more personalized proposals for personalized cancer medicine. Materials and Methods. In the aggregate, 9191 patients with gastric cancer after gastrectomy from 1998 to 2009 were selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Disease-specific survival was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to confirm the independent prognostic factors. As well, hazard ratio (HR) curves were used to compare the risk of death over time. Conditional survival (CS) was applied to dynamically assess the prognosis after each follow-up. Results. Comparisons from HR curves on different stages showed that earlier stages had distinctly lower HR than advanced stages. The curve of stage IIA was flat and more likely the same as that of stage I while that of stage IIB is like that of stage III with an obvious peak. After estimating CS at intervals of three months, six months, and 12 months in different periods, stages I and IIA had high levels of CS all along, while there were visible differences among CS levels of stages IIB and III. Conclusions. The frequency of follow-up for early stages, like stages I and IIA, could be every six months or longer in the first three years and annually thereafter. And those with unfavorable conditions, such as stages IIB and III, could be followed up much more frequently and sufficiently than usual.

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