scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Michigan Nonindustrial Private Forest Landowners

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Potter-Witter
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Management Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Incentive Programs ◽  
Stewardship Program ◽  
Program Enrollment

Abstract Incentive and assistance programs for nonindustrial private landowners in Michigan were evaluated for their effectiveness in encouraging forest management activities. This article reports on selected results of a comparative analysis of program enrollment, landowner characteristics, and management accomplishments. The analysis was based on data from a survey of 2,230 nonindustrial private forestland (NIPF) owners who were members of the Michigan Forest Association (MFA) or were enrolled in the Commercial Forest Program (CF), the Forest Stewardship Program (FSP), or the Two-Hearted River Watershed (TRW) landowner program in 2000. With a 55% overall response rate, landowners reported on present and past management activities and program enrollment. To address the question of the effectiveness of incentive programs, this comparative analysis tested the hypotheses that forest management activity reported by Michigan NIPF landowners who were enrolled in several types of incentive programs did not differ significantly by program and that management activity was not significantly explained by landowner demographics and parcel characteristics. Landowner program enrollment was compared with respect to tree-planting, timber harvesting, timber stand improvement, wildlife habitat improvement, and soil and water protection. To examine the differences, if any, between landowners who practice forest management and those who do not, explanatory demographic and parcel characteristic variables also were tested for their effect on management activity levels.North. J. Appl. For. 22(2):132–138.

scholarly journals Public Attitudes about Private Forest Management and Government Involvement in the Southeastern United States

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kreye ◽  
Rimsaite ◽  
Adams
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
Private Forest ◽  
Regional Survey ◽  
Southeastern Us ◽  
Government Involvement

In the southern United States the country’s top wood-producing region, factors such as intergenerational land transfer and population spillover from urban areas have resulted in forestland conversion and reduced production of critical ecosystem services associated with forest systems (e.g., timber, clean water supply, wildlife habitat). Public attitudes, which drive forestland policy prescriptions, may also be evolving due to the way people experience and perceive forests (e.g., recreation), and think about the role of government in private forest decisions. These changes have significant implications for forestland management and the forest-based economy, both locally and globally. We present the results of a regional survey (n = 1669) of residents in Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, and South Carolina, which assessed attitudes toward timber harvesting and government involvement on private lands. We found significant public support for timber harvesting with a somewhat stronger focus on ecosystem maintenance compared to timber production, and strong support for policies that empower landowners (e.g., assistance programs) over regulatory strategies. We conclude that existing government policies and programs are failing to help landowners meet public demand for ecosystem service provision on private forest lands in the southeastern US. Public attitudes appear conducive to innovative policy strategies such as market-based solutions and nudges. Perceptions of forest health will likely be the metric the public and landowners will use in assessing the value of policy alternatives, in addition to economic impact. Public ignorance and indifference towards forest management also appear to be growing.

Vom Forst zum Wald. Entwicklungstendenzen im naturnahen Waldbau | From a Production-Oriented Forest to a Multipurpose Forest. New Trends in Near-Natural Silviculture

1999 ◽  
Vol 150 (12) ◽  
pp. 484-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolf Hockenjos
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Timber Harvest ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
The Other ◽  
Private Forest ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Great Demand ◽  
The Past ◽  
Forest Enterprises

Concepts of near-natural forestry are in great demand these days. Most German forest administrations and private forest enterprises attach great importance to being as «near-natural» as possible. This should allow them to make the most of biological rationalisation. The concept of near-natural forestry is widely accepted, especially by conservationists. However, it is much too early to analyse how successful near-natural forestry has been to date, and therefore to decide whether an era of genuine near-natural forest management has really begun. Despite wide-spread recognition, near-natural forestry is jeopardised by mechanised timber harvesting, and particularly by the large-timber harvester. The risk is that machines, which are currently just one element of the timber harvest will gain in importance and gradually become the decisive element. The forest would then be forced to meet the needs of machinery, not the other way round. Forests would consequently become so inhospitable that they would bear no resemblance to the sylvan image conjured up by potential visitors. This could mean taking a huge step backwards: from a near-natural forest to a forest dominated by machinery. The model of multipurpose forest management would become less viable, and the forest would become divided into areas for production, and separate areas for recreation and ecology. The consequences of technical intervention need to be carefully considered, if near-natural forestry is not to become a thing of the past.

Qualitative anatomical restoration of the contact point of teeth – prevention of localized forms of periodontal diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
L. Yu. Orekhova ◽  
O. V. Prokhorova ◽  
V. Yu. Shefov
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Contact Point ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clinical Stages ◽  
Anatomical Restoration ◽  
Approximal Surfaces

Relevance. The restoration of a high-quality anatomical and functional contact point of teeth plays an important role in preventing the development of localized forms of periodontal disease.Purpose. Development of recommendations for qualitative anatomical restoration of the contact point of teeth for the prevention of localized forms of periodontal diseases.Materials and methods. In our study, which consisted of pre-clinical and clinical stages, were analyzed 50 CT scan of the chewing group teeth calculated the ratio of approximal surfaces of molars and premolars to the width of their crowns and computer simulations of the results of restoration of contact point. We also conducted a comparative analysis of wedges of different material with different cross-sectional shapes. At the clinical stage, the restoration of the contact point of teeth in patients according to our recommendations was carried out.Results. On the basis of the data obtained during the study, a formula for calculating the height and size of the restored contact point was compiled. Recommendations for anatomical restoration of the contact point are formulated.Conclusion. The application of the recommendations developed by us allows anatomically qualitatively restore the contact point and prevent the development of localized periodontal diseases.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of the long-term effect of two families of high-flux polysulfone dialysers on platelet count: a retrospective cross-sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol Volume 13 ◽  
pp. 1415-1422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosaria Del Giorno ◽  
Lorenzo Berwert ◽  
Silvio Pianca ◽  
Giorgia Bianchi ◽  
Olivier Giannini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
High Flux ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Long Term Effect

Fifty years of partial harvesting in a mixed mesophytic forest: composition and productivity

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 985-997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M Schuler
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
Single Tree ◽  
Periodic Growth ◽  
Mesophytic Forest ◽  
Single Tree Selection

Long-term silvicultural trials contribute to sustainable forest management by providing a better scientific understanding of how forest ecosystems respond to periodic timber harvesting. In this study, species composition, diversity, and net periodic growth of tree species in a mixed mesophytic forest in the central Appalachians were evaluated after about a half century of management. Three partial cutting practices on 18 research compartments and on 3 unmanaged reference compartments were evaluated (1951–2001) on 280 ha. Single-tree selection, diameter-limit harvesting, and timber harvesting in 0.162-ha patches were assessed on three northern red oak site index50 (SI) classes: 24, 21, and 18. Shannon–Weiner's diversity index (H′) declined from the first (1951–1959) to last (1987–2001) measurements and was related to both SI (P = 0.004) and treatment (P = 0.009). Sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) and red maple (Acer rubrum L.) were the two most abundant species in recent years (1987–2001); in contrast, in initial inventories (1951–1959), northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) and chestnut oak (Quercus prinus L.) were most abundant. Net periodic annual increment (PAI) of merchantable trees (DBH ≥12.7 cm) was related to both SI (P = 0.004) and treatment (P = 0.003). Mean PAI ranged from 4.6 m3·ha–1·year–1 for single-tree selection to 2.5 m3·ha–1·year–1 for unmanaged reference areas across all SI classes. The decline of oak species suggests that only intensive and specific forest management focused on maintaining oak species can obtain historical levels of diversity.

scholarly journals Impacts of Alternative Harvesting and Natural Disturbance Scenarios on Forest Biomass in the Superior National Forest, USA

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Russell ◽  
Stephanie Patton ◽  
David Wilson ◽  
Grant Domke ◽  
Katie Frerker
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Natural Disturbance ◽  
Timber Harvest ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Volume Control ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Natural Disturbances ◽  
Project Area

The amount of biomass stored in forest ecosystems is a result of past natural disturbances, forest management activities, and current structure and composition such as age class distributions. Although natural disturbances are projected to increase in their frequency and severity on a global scale in the future, forest management and timber harvesting decisions continue to be made at local scales, e.g., the ownership or stand level. This study simulated potential changes in natural disturbance regimes and their interaction with timber harvest goals across the Superior National Forest (SNF) in northeastern Minnesota, USA. Forest biomass stocks and stock changes were simulated for 120 years under three natural disturbance and four harvest scenarios. A volume control approach was used to estimate biomass availability across the SNF and a smaller project area within the SNF (Jeanette Project Area; JPA). Results indicate that under current harvest rates and assuming disturbances were twice that of normal levels resulted in reductions of 2.62 to 10.38% of forest biomass across the four primary forest types in the SNF and JPA, respectively. Under this scenario, total biomass stocks remained consistent after 50 years at current and 50% disturbance rates, but biomass continued to decrease under a 200%-disturbance scenario through 120 years. In comparison, scenarios that assumed both harvest and disturbance were twice that of normal levels and resulted in reductions ranging from 14.18 to 29.85% of forest biomass. These results suggest that both natural disturbances and timber harvesting should be considered to understand their impacts to future forest structure and composition. The implications from simulations like these can provide managers with strategic approaches to determine the economic and ecological outcomes associated with timber harvesting and disturbances.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the effectiveness of ultrasound shear elastography and liver steatometry

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
O. I. Tarasova ◽  
E. I. Kuhareva ◽  
S. K. Krasnitskaya ◽  
N. V. Mazurchik ◽  
M. Ya. Ngameni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Liver Biopsy ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Diagnostic System ◽  
Ultrasound Elastography ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ultrasonic Diagnostic System ◽  
Diagnostic Criterion

Detection of liver fibrosis and steatosis at early stages is a difficult task for clinical practice, due to the lack of early signs in routine radiation diagnostics. Aim. To evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound shear elastography and ultrasound steatometry of the liver with the use of domestic ultrasonic diagnostic system Angiodin-Sono/N-Ultra. Materials and methods. 264 people held ultrasound elastography and ultrasound steatometry. 38 patients underwent percutaneous puncture liver biopsy and subsequent pathophysiological examination. Results. High correlation of fibrosis obtained at the Angiodin-Sono/N-Ultra and the leading ultrasonic systems with shear elastography was revealed. Cross-sectional comparative analysis of elasticity with the results of liver steatometry was conducted. Conclusions. Results obtained in all groups correlate with the data obtained in studies on Fibroscan. When working with system Angiodin we got a simultaneous comparative analysis of elasticity with the results of liver steatosis. Results appear to be much more stable and compact than those obtained in studies on the Fibroscan. A new diagnostic criterion was revealed the phenomenon of independence of fibrosis and steatosis indices.

scholarly journals Climate Change Awareness and related Tree Planting Practices in a Rural Community in North-Western Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
A.A. Gobir ◽  
A.A. Aliyu ◽  
A.A. Abubakar ◽  
C. Esekhaigbe ◽  
I.A. Joshua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
P Value ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Household Heads ◽  
Tree Cutting ◽  
Fire Wood

Background: Tree cutting is one of the causes of climate change and a common practice in Africa, a continent under significant threat from climate change. Therefore, climate change awareness and mitigation are vital to reducing its impacts in the region. Reforestation through planting of trees is an important carbon emission reduction strategy. This study assessed climate change awareness and related tree planting practices among household heads in a Nigerian rural community.Methods: A community-based descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in April 2019 among all household heads in Nasarawan Buhari community. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the 104 household heads (or their representatives). Data was analyzed using SPSS (version 21.0) and statistical significance was set at p value of < 0.05.Results: The mean age of respondents was 40.6±12.6 years, and most of them (87.5%) were males. Half (50.0%) were aware of climate change, and their main source of information was radio (63.5%). Most (98.1%) used fire wood for cooking. Only a minority (27.9%) planted at least a tree in the year preceding the study. There was a statistically significant association between climate change awareness and occupation (p=0.038) but not with tree planting (p=0.827).Conclusion: The results indicated that only half of respondents were aware of climate change. There was high use of wood as cooking fuel with low tree planting. Tree planting was not associated with climate change awareness. There is therefore a need for continuous climate change education and mitigation campaign in the community.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial stewardship program in China’s tertiary hospitals in 2018: a nationwide cross-sectional online survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Zhou ◽  
Haishaerjiang Wushouer ◽  
Xi Zhang ◽  
Jiajia Feng ◽  
Likai Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Clinical Pathways ◽  
Popular Science ◽  
Outcome Evaluation ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prescription Audit ◽  
Stewardship Program ◽  
Tertiary Hospitals

Abstract Background The study aimed to assess the development of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) program in China’s tertiary hospitals to identify the potential challenges for AMS program and provide references and benchmarks for strategic policymaking. Methods A nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted online by sending questionnaires to tertiary hospitals under China Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (CARSS) between November 1, 2018 and December 10, 2018. The questionnaire included 5 sections regarding structure, technical support, antimicrobial use management, antimicrobial use surveillance and education. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. Results Of 1044 tertiary hospitals under CARSS, 13.4% (140) hospitals participated in the study. Among them, 99.3% (139/140) set up AMS program. Hospital president (82.1%, 115/140) and medical service department (59.3%, 83/140) were responsible for AMS outcomes in most hospitals. Structured antimicrobial formulary restriction management was adopted by 99.3% (139/140) hospitals. Infection disease department, infection control department and microbiological laboratories were established in 87.1% (122/140), 99.3% (139/140), and 100% (140/140) hospitals, respectively. Up to 85.6% (124/140) hospitals applied clinical pathways and 33.6% (47/140) hospitals implemented hospital-specific guidelines for infectious diseases. Outpatient prescription audit, inpatient prescription audit and prophylactic antimicrobial prescription audit of aseptic operation were performed in 99.3% (139/140), 98.6% (138/140) and 95.7% (134/140) hospitals, respectively. Up to 97.1% (136/140) hospitals participated in antimicrobial use surveillance network and 99.3% (139/140) hospitals established the specialized management of carbapenem and tigecycline. Staff education and AMS-related popular science education were provided with different ways and frequency in 100% (140/140) and 88.6% (124/140) hospitals, respectively. Conclusions AMS in China’s tertiary hospitals were primarily headed by hospital presidents and involved collaboration among various disciplines and administrative departments. More efforts should be put into further promoting and strengthening the development of hospital-specific guidelines and the establishment of progress and outcome evaluation system.

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