scholarly journals Northern Pin Oak Stump Sprouting Frequency on Scrub Oak Sites of Central Wisconsin

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-85
Author(s):  
Elijah Mujuri ◽  
Michael C. Demchik
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Scrub Oak ◽  
Stump Sprouting ◽  
Actual Contribution ◽  
Stump Sprouts ◽  
Stump Diameter

Abstract Stump sprouts are an important component of the regeneration for northern pin oak on scrub oak sites in Central Wisconsin, but there exists little quantitative information about their actual contribution. This study examines the occurrence of sprouting from northern pin oak stumps remaining after overstory removal in four stands in Central Wisconsin. On average, 85% of all stumps sprouted. Sprouting frequency diminished significantly (P < 0.0001) as stump diameter increased, but even the largest stumps sprouted at rates of 71% or better. With stump sprouting rates this high, coppice regeneration could fill much of the regeneration need for similar scrub oak sites.

scholarly journals Stump Sprout Characteristics of Three Commercial Tree Species in Suriname

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1130
Author(s):  
Donna Ramdial ◽  
Artie Sewdien ◽  
Jerry Rasdan ◽  
Shermaine Critchlow ◽  
Noraisah Tjong-A-Hung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Traits ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Selective Logging ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Stump Sprouting ◽  
Previous Round ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Water Contents ◽  
Stump Sprouts ◽  
Stump Diameter

We compared stump sprouting by three common timber species in Suriname on the basis of sprout origins on stumps, sprout densities, and sprout height:diameter ratios. We then compared some leaf and stem functional traits of 15–18-month-old resprouts and nearby conspecific saplings of the same height (0.5–3.5 m) but unknown age. Stumps of Dicorynia guianensis Amsh. (29–103 cm in diameter) produced the most sprouts (x = 9.2/stump), followed by the 50–71 cm diameter stumps of Eperua falcata Amsh. (10.6/stump), and the 30–78 cm diameter Qualea rosea Amsh. (5.9/stump); sprout density did not vary with stump diameter. Sprouts emerged from the lower, middle, and upper thirds of the stumps of all three species, but not from the vicinity of the exposed vascular cambium in Qualea. With increased resprout density, heights of the tallest sprout per stump tended to increase but height:diameter ratios increased only in Dicorynia. Compared to conspecific saplings, sprouts displayed higher height-diameter ratios, higher leaf-to-wood mass ratios (LWR), and lower wood densities, but did not differ in leaf mass per unit area (LMA) or leaf water contents. These acquisitive functional traits may reflect increased resprout access to water and nutrients via the extensive root system of the stump. That we did not encounter live stump sprouts from the previous round of selective logging, approximately 25 years before our study, suggests that stump sprouts in our study area grow rapidly but do not live long.

scholarly journals Controlling Beech Root and Stump Sprouts Using the Cut-Stump Treatment

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey D. Kochenderfer ◽  
James N. Kochenderfer ◽  
Gary W. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Radial Distance ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Fagus Grandifolia ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Control Root ◽  
Stump Sprouting ◽  
Number Of Stems ◽  
Cut Stump ◽  
Stump Sprouts

Abstract Application costs and efficacy were determined for cut-stump treatments applied to American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) to control root and stump sprouts in central West Virginia. Glyphosate as Glypro (53.8%) was applied to the outer 2 in. of beech stumps from trees >6.0-in. dbh within 1 hour after cutting. In addition to treatment plots, individual beech stumps were treated to determine mortality patterns. The treatments were applied in early September 2001 and evaluated 12 months after treatment. A rating system ranging from 1 to 7 (0 to 100% crown affected) based on visual estimates of symptoms was used to evaluate the efficacy of the treatments. Trees with a rating of 5 (75% crown control or greater) were considered controlled. After 12 months, more than 90% of beech root sprouts ≥1-ft tall to 5.9-in. dbh on treated plots were controlled. Complete control of stump sprouting also was achieved. An average of 93 beech stems was controlled around each treated stump. Mortality around treated stumps declined as the radial distance from stumps increased and stump size decreased. Average application cost (chemical and labor) ranged from $39.43 to 62.34 per acre depending on the basal area and number of stems treated. After two growing seasons, the number of beech root sprouts on more than 90% of the treated regeneration plots remained below levels considered as interfering according to guidelines for Allegheny hardwoods. This study demonstrated that herbicide is readily translocated from the surfaces of freshly cut beech stumps via parent root systems to attached live beech stems. The cut-stump method can be applied in areas where beech is the primary species interfering with the establishment and development of desirable regeneration.

scholarly journals Growth and Volume of Emory Oak Coppice 10 Years After Thinning: A Case Study in Southeastern Arizona

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-80
Author(s):  
Peter F. Ffolliott ◽  
Mohamud H. Farah ◽  
Gerald J. Gottfried
Keyword(s):  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Wood Production ◽  
Oak Woodlands ◽  
Quercus Emoryi ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Stump Sprouts ◽  
Stump Diameter

Abstract Effects of stump diameter and thinning treatments at different ages of Emory oak (Quercus emoryi) coppice (stump-sprouts) are described in terms of growth and volume of the stump-sprouts 10 yr after the thinning treatments were applied. Growth and volume of the residual stump sprouts depend largely on the number of sprouts left after thinning; the effects of stump diameter were inconsistent. Harvesting cycles for fuelwood and other wood products obtained from stump-sprouts can be shortened through coppice thinning. Structural diversity following earlier harvesting and future wood production in oak woodlands dominated by Emory oak are “optimized” by retaining three stump-sprouts after thinning. West. J. Appl. For. 18(2):77–80.

scholarly journals Effects of Stump Diameter on Sprout Number and Size for Three Oak Species in a Pennsylvania Clearcut

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 122-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin A. Sands ◽  
Marc D. Abrams
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Height ◽  
White Oak ◽  
Diameter Class ◽  
Quercus Velutina ◽  
East Central ◽  
Central Pennsylvania ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Black Oak ◽  
Stump Sprouts ◽  
Stump Diameter

Abstract In a 2004 clearcut of a former even-aged oak (Quercus) forest, we examined the number and maximum height of stump sprouts for three oak species in east-central Pennsylvania. The greatest number of sprouts was produced by black oak (Quercus velutina) and chestnut oak (Q.montana) as compared with white oak (Q. alba). Logistic regression showed that diameter of stumps was a significant factor in determining the probability of sprouting for black oak, and an inverse relationship between stump diameter and the number of sprouts per stump was foundfor all three species. The number of white oak sprouts peaked in the 10‐20-cm diameter class and declined on larger stumps. The number of black oak sprouts peaked in the 20‐50-cm classes, and trees in the 70‐80-cm class produced the fewest sprouts. The mean annual growthof the tallest sprout on each stump was greater for black oak and chestnut oak than white oak.

Oak Stump Sprouting on Dry Sites in Northern Lower Michigan

1987 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann M. Lynch ◽  
John R. Bassett
Keyword(s):  
Site Index ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Slope Position ◽  
White Oak ◽  
Parent Tree ◽  
Consistent Trend ◽  
Oak Trees ◽  
Stump Sprouting ◽  
Tree Stump ◽  
Stump Diameter

Abstract In clearcut portions of 37 stands, stumps from northern red, northern pin, and white oak trees, averaging about 65 years old when felled, were measured to relate sprouting to stump diameter, estimated dbh, slope position, aspect, site index, and parent tree (stump) age. At least one vigorous sprout was produced by 80 and 77% of northern red and northern pin oak stumps, respectively, and sprouting was independent of stump diameter. In contrast, 54% of white oak stumps produced at least one vigorous sprout, and sprouting was related to stump diameter. Northern red and northern pin oaks sprouted least frequently on lower slopes, whereas white oaks sprouted least frequently on midslope positions. White oak sprouting was also less frequent on south-and west-facing slopes. Sprouting of white and northern pin oaks was weakly associated with site index. The sprouting of all species was related to tree age, but only white oak showed a consistent trend of decreased sprouting with increased tree age. An average of 134 oak stumps per acre produced at least one vigorous sprout. North. J. Appl. For. 4:142-145, Sept. 1987.

scholarly journals Impacts of Mechanical Tree Felling on Development of Water Tupelo Regeneration in the Mobile Delta, Alabama

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emile S. Gardiner ◽  
D. Ramsey Russell ◽  
John D. Hodges ◽  
T. Conner Fristoe
Keyword(s):  
Natural Water ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Nyssa Aquatica ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Steady Rate ◽  
Water Tupelo ◽  
Stump Sprouting ◽  
Ac Measurement ◽  
Reduced Water ◽  
Stump Sprouts

Abstract Two water tupelo (Nyssa aquatica L.) stands in the Mobile Delta of Alabama were selected to test the hypothesis that mechanized felling does not reduce establishment and growth of natural water tupelo regeneration relative to traditional tree felling with chainsaws. To test the hypothesis, we established six, 2 ac treatment plots in each of two blocks on each of two sites, and randomly assigned plots to either mechanical tree felling with a tracked, swing feller or chainsaw felling. Each site was clearcut in Fall, 1992, and merchantable boles were removed by helicopter. Establishment and growth of regeneration was assessed prior to harvest and annually for 3 yr after harvest in five, 0.01 ac measurement plots located in each treatment plot. Stand harvesting promoted establishment of water tupelo seedlings such that 3 yr after treatment we recorded over 270/ac on each site regardless of felling method. Seedling height increased at a steady rate and averaged about 39 in. tall after three growing seasons. Woody competition also responded to the harvest, outnumbering water tupelo seedlings 3 yr after treatment by as much as seven to one on Site 2. Water tupelo stump sprouts developing from chainsaw felling grew well and averaged about 13.5 ft tall after three growing seasons. However, mechanical felling reduced water tupelo stump sprouting by 50% leading to a lower density of sprout clumps in mechanically felled plots (P = 0.0253). Our results indicated that mechanical felling techniques used in this study may adversely impact regeneration of water tupelo swamps where coppice is a desirable form of reproduction. South. J. Appl. For. 24(2):65-69.

The Effect of Auxin on Sprouting in Poison Ivy

Weed Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-201
Author(s):  
J. P. Sterrett ◽  
C. L. Foy ◽  
S. W. Bingham
Keyword(s):  
Oxidation Product ◽  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Enzyme Preparations ◽  
Stump Sprouting ◽  
Poison Ivy ◽  
Cut Surface ◽  
Stump Sprouts

Experiments were conducted on poison ivy (Rhus radicans L.) to determine the effect of auxin on the formation of sprouts. Stump sprouting occurred where poison ivy propagules were decapitated. The influence of the shoot could be replaced by applying indoleacetic acid (hereinafter referred to as IAA) in lanolin paste to the cut surface of the stump. When the paste was removed after inhibiting stump sprouting for a month, sprouts formed within 35 days. This evidence supports the apical dominance theory of stump sprouting. When IAA-2-14C in lanolin was applied to the cut surface of the root stump, autoradiographs showed that 14C activity was concentrated where the majority of stump sprouts would develop, and chromatography of an extract indicated the presence of an auxin oxidation product of IAA. Dialyzed enzyme preparations from poison ivy stumps oxidized IAA in a Warburg apparatus which demonstrated that an IAA oxidizing system was present.

scholarly journals The efficacy of Chondrostereum purpureum in sprout control of birch during mechanized pre-commercial thinning

BioControl ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiina Laine ◽  
Leena Hamberg ◽  
Veli-Matti Saarinen ◽  
Timo Saksa
Keyword(s):  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Fungal Treatment ◽  
Clear Effect ◽  
Commercial Thinning ◽  
Stump Sprouting ◽  
Chondrostereum Purpureum ◽  
And Control ◽  
Stump Sprouts

Abstract The efficacy of mechanized pre-commercial thinning (PCT) done by a lightweight mini-harvester Tehojätkä together with the Chondrostereum purpureum (Pers. ex Fr.) Pouzar fungal treatment (dilutions 1:100, 1:200, 1:400) and control (cutting only) was studied for three years. The efficacy of the fungal treatment was defined as capability to prevent sprouting of birch (Betula pendula Roth. and B. pubescens Ehrh.). The fungal treatment resulted in higher stump mortality and lower number of sprouts but it did not have a clear effect on the maximum height of stump sprouts. However, mortalities obtained in this study (34.1%, 26.8%, and 25.6% for dilutions 1:100, 1:200, and 1:400, respectively) were notably lower compared to previous studies which indicate that the accuracy of the spreading mechanism was not satisfactory. We conclude that it is possible to decrease stump sprouting with the fully mechanized fungal treatment but putting this implementation into practice needs more testing to increase efficacy.

First-year regeneration in upland hardwoods after two levels of residue removal

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. K. Mann
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Site Quality ◽  
First Year ◽  
Residue Removal ◽  
Tree Removal ◽  
Site Disturbance ◽  
Vitis Spp ◽  
Whole Tree ◽  
Stump Sprouts ◽  
Stump Diameter

The effects of whole-tree removal versus conventional sawlog harvest on 1 st-year regeneration in an upland mixed hardwood site were compared, and sprouting dynamics of species and stump size classes were described. Average sprout production for stumps sampled was greater after conventional harvest: stumps produced taller, denser, and more abundant sprouts. Although sample sizes were small, maximum heights of stump sprouts of Quercusprinus L., Quercusvelutina Lam., and Acerrubrum L. were greater on the conventionally harvested area, and sprouts of Liriodendrontulipifera L. and Oxydendrumarboreum (L.) DC. averaged taller after residue removal. However, most species produced more seedlings after residue removal. Differences were related to greater site disturbance with whole-tree harvest. Number of sprouts and biomass per stump showed a binomial-shaped distribution in relation to stump diameter across both treatments, with a maximum at about 30 cm. Biomass of grape (Vitis spp.) was least following whole-tree removal, but this may be related to site quality or the small size of the study area. Regression estimates of sprout dry weight as a function of height were used to estimate sprout production. Conservative estimates of total stump sprout biomass, excluding foliage, 1year after whole-tree removal averaged 433 kg/ha and after conventional harvest averaged 679 kg/ha.

Some Results of the Spectroscopic Study of Four Close Binary Systems of Early Spectral Types

1965 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 120-130
Author(s):  
T. S. Galkina
Keyword(s):  
Spectroscopic Study ◽  
Spectral Type ◽  
Spectroscopic Investigation ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Close Binary ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Absorption And Emission ◽  
Close Binary Systems ◽  
Quantitative Estimates

It is necessary to have quantitative estimates of the intensity of lines (both absorption and emission) to obtain the physical parameters of the atmosphere of components.Some years ago at the Crimean observatory we began the spectroscopic investigation of close binary systems of the early spectral type with components WR, Of, O, B to try and obtain more quantitative information from the study of the spectra of the components.

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