scholarly journals Cigarette Use, E-Cigarette Use, and Dual Product Use Are Higher Among Adults With Serious Psychological Distress in the United States: 2014–2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1875-1882
Author(s):  
Andrea H Weinberger ◽  
Jiaqi Zhu ◽  
Jessica L Barrington-Trimis ◽  
Katarzyna Wyka ◽  
Renee D Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Serious Psychological Distress ◽  
Dual Use ◽  
The Past ◽  
Product Use ◽  
Distress Scale

Abstract Introduction Cigarette use is declining yet remains common among adults with mental health conditions. In contrast, e-cigarette use may be on the rise. This study investigated the relationship between serious psychological distress (SPD) and the exclusive and dual use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes among US adults from 2014 to 2017. Aims and Methods Data came from 2014 to 2017 National Health Interview Survey, an annual, cross-sectional survey of nationally representative samples of US adults (total combined analytic sample n = 125 302). Past-month SPD was assessed using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6) and cigarette and e-cigarette use were assessed at each wave. Logistic regressions examined product use by SPD status in 2017 and trends in product use by SPD status from 2014 to 2017. Analyses adjusted for demographic covariates. Results The prevalence of cigarette use, e-cigarette use, and dual use was higher among adults with SPD than without SPD in each year including the most recent data year 2017 (cigarette use, 39.50% vs. 13.40%, p < .001; e-cigarette use, 7.41% vs. 2.65%, p < .001; dual use, 5.30% vs. 1.26%, p < .001). Among adults with SPD, the prevalence of cigarette, e-cigarette, and dual product use did not change from 2014 to 2017 in contrast to a decreasing prevalence in cigarette, e-cigarette, and dual product use among individuals without SPD. Conclusions US adults with SPD report higher levels of cigarette, e-cigarette, and dual product use than adults without SPD. Use of these products has not declined over the past several years in contrast to decreasing trends among adults without SPD. Implications These data extend our knowledge of tobacco product use and mental health disparities by showing that in addition to higher levels of cigarette use, US adults with SPD also use e-cigarettes and dual products (cigarette and e-cigarette) more commonly than those without SPD. Furthermore, the use of these products has not declined over the past several years in contrast to continuing declines among adults without SPD. More research is needed to understand the potential positive and negative consequences of e-cigarette use among adults with SPD.

scholarly journals Assessing the Impact of School-Based Greenness on Mental Health Among Adolescent Students in Ontario, Canada

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (22) ◽  
pp. 4364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Srugo ◽  
Margaret de Groh ◽  
Ying Jiang ◽  
Howard Morrison ◽  
Hayley Hamilton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Postal Code ◽  
Serious Psychological Distress ◽  
School Based ◽  
Distress Scale ◽  
The Impact

Neighbourhood greenness has been frequently associated with improved mental health in adulthood, yet its impact among youth is less clear. Additionally, though youth spend large portions of time at school, no study has investigated associations between school-based measures of greenness and students’ mental health in Canada. We addressed this gap by linking participant responses from the 2016–2017 Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey to school-based features of the built environment. Our analyses included 6313 students, ages 11–20. Measures of greenness were the mean and max of the annual mean Normalized Difference Vegetation Index within 500 m and 1000 m from the centroid of the school postal code. Measures of mental health included: serious psychological distress (Kessler 6-item Psychological Distress Scale), self-rated mental health (using a five-point Likert scale), suicide ideation, and suicide attempt. In our study population, the prevalence of serious psychological distress and low self-rated mental health was 16.7% and 20.3%, respectively. Suicide ideation was reported by 13.5% of participants, while 3.7% reported a suicide attempt. Quantity of greenness was similar between schools in the lower and upper quartiles. In logistic regressions, we found no association between objective school-based greenness and mental health, as assessed by multiple measures, both before and after adjustment. Null findings held true after stratification by season, as well. Whether other characteristics of school greenness (such as type, quality, or access and use) are more impactful to students’ mental health should be a focus of future analyses.

scholarly journals Review of Cases of E-Cigarette or Vaping Product Use-Associated Lung Injury (EVALI) and Brief Review of the Literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Amr Essa ◽  
Jeffrey Macaraeg ◽  
Nikhil Jagan ◽  
Daniel Kwon ◽  
Saboor Randhawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
The Past ◽  
Product Use ◽  
Vitamin E Acetate ◽  
Pathologic Features ◽  
Growing Body

Since the appearance of the E-Cigarette in the early 2000s, its industry, popularity, and prevalence have risen dramatically. In the past, E-Cigarette use with the vaping of nicotine or cannabis products had been associated with a few reported cases of lung injury. However, in 2019, thousands of cases of E-Cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) were reported in the United States. Evidence linked this outbreak with vaping of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). We report two confirmed cases of EVALI and their associated clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features. This report supports the growing body of information regarding EVALI. It also discusses various substances, particularly vitamin E acetate, which has been suggested as a causative agent.

scholarly journals Psychological Distress Among Smokers in the United States: 2008–2014

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 707-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J Zvolensky ◽  
Charles Jardin ◽  
Melanie M Wall ◽  
Misato Gbedemah ◽  
Deborah Hasin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Annual Family Income ◽  
The Past ◽  
Never Smokers

Abstract Introduction Decline in smoking in the United States has slowed over the past 25 years. Mental health problems are common among smokers, and may be an impediment to quitting and remaining abstinent. The study investigated the relationship between serious (past-30-day) psychological distress (SPD) and smoking, estimated trends in the prevalence of SPD among current, former, and never smokers in the United States from 2008 to 2014, and investigated whether heterogeneity in these trends varied by sociodemographic characteristics. Methods Data were drawn from the National Household Survey on Drug Use (NSDUH), an annual cross-sectional study of persons ages 12 and over (N = 270 227). SPD and smoking in the past 30 days were examined using logistic regression models among adults 18 and older. The prevalence of SPD was examined annually among current, former, and never smokers from 2008 to 2014. Results SPD increased among smokers in the United States from 2008 to 2014. An increase in SPD was more rapid among non-daily smokers than daily smokers. The prevalence of SPD was higher among younger smokers, those with less formal education and lower annual family income and higher among current smokers than former and never smokers. The relationships between SPD and smoking were stronger among smokers with higher education levels and annual family income. Conclusions Our findings suggest an increase in SPD among smokers over time and that as smoking has declined, those with SPD are comprising a greater proportion of the remaining smokers. Results suggest that mental health must be integrated into mainstream tobacco control efforts. Implications The greater prevalence and increasing rate of Serious Psychological Distress among smokers, relative to former- and never-smokers, from 2008 to 2014 provides support that the greater mental health burden among smokers may be contributing to the slowed reduction in smoking prevalence in the United States. In addition, relationships between SPD and smoking were consistently stronger among smokers with higher levels of education and annual family income. Such results suggest the necessity of incorporating mental health treatments in tobacco use reduction efforts.

Trends in cigarette use, by serious psychological distress status in the United States, 1998–2013

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 223-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie L. Forman-Hoffman ◽  
Sarra L. Hedden ◽  
Greta Kilmer Miller ◽  
Kristen Brown ◽  
Judith Teich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Serious Psychological Distress

Changes in Mental Health and Treatment, 1997–2017

2021 ◽  
pp. 002214652098413
Author(s):  
Amy L. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
Period Effect ◽  
The Past ◽  
Over Time

Mental health outcomes have shown dramatic changes over the past half-century, yet these trends are still underexplored. I utilize an age-period-cohort analysis of the National Health Interview Survey from 1997 to 2017 (N = 627,058) to disentangle trends in mental health outcomes in the United States over time. Specifically, I leverage the contrast between reported psychological distress and rates of mental health treatment to isolate which has changed, how, and for whom. There is little evidence that psychological distress is worsening over time. Yet, treatment seeking has increased over the past 20 years. The increase in treatment seeking is best modeled as a period effect, providing initial evidence that the historical context has influenced responses to mental health over time for Americans of all ages and birth cohorts. I conclude with potential mechanisms and implications for future mental health research.

scholarly journals Mental Health and the Association between Asthma and E-cigarette Use among Young Adults in The United States: A Mediation Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 8799
Author(s):  
Abdullah M. M. Alanazi ◽  
Mohammed M. Alqahtani ◽  
Gregory Pavela ◽  
Eric W. Ford ◽  
Adam M. Leventhal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pulmonary Complications ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Public Health ◽  
Asthma Status

Background: Asthma is associated with a greater likelihood of e-cigarette use among young adults, which may increase the risk of pulmonary complications. Because substance use trajectories emerge in early adulthood, it is important to identify factors that may be important in addressing this new public health threat. One such factor may be poor mental health. Methods: Data were extracted from the 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Current and former asthma status was measured by self-reported lifetime and current asthma status; mental health functioning was measured by the number of self-reported bad mental health days during the past 30 days; e-cigarette use was measured by self-reported current e-cigarette use. We tested the hypothesis that mental health mediates the association between asthma status and e-cigarette use among young adults using structural equation modeling. Results: The prevalence of e-cigarette use was significantly higher among young adults with current (9.90%) or former asthma (13.09%) than those without asthma (9.58%). Furthermore, the number of bad mental health days in the past 30 days was significantly greater among young adults with current or former asthma than among those without asthma (Mean (Standard Deviation): 6.85 (0.42), 4.18 (0.85) versus 3.83 (0.17)), respectively. Finally, we found a statistically significant indirect effect of asthma on the likelihood of e-cigarette use through mental health such that the higher prevalence of e-cigarette use among those with current or former asthma was statistically accounted for by a greater number of bad mental health days in the past 30 days. Conclusions: Consistent with mediation, poorer mental health accounted for the higher prevalence of e-cigarette use among those with asthma. However, longitudinal studies are needed to interrogate causal relationships, including the effects of e-cigarette use on mental health. Mental health services may play an important role in improving health and wellbeing in this vulnerable population.

scholarly journals Levels of Psychological Distress of Canadian University Student-Athletes

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Sullivan ◽  
Mishka Blacker ◽  
Jessica Murphy ◽  
John Cairney
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Sample ◽  
University Student ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Psychological Distress Scale ◽  
Distress Scale ◽  
Kessler Psychological Distress Scale

The mental health of Canadian university students is fairly well researched, but there is relatively little evidence concerning the mental health of Canadian university student-athletes. Recent research in the United States and Canada has suggested that mental health (e.g., anxiety and depression) differs between student-athletes and student non-athletes. However, the results are ambivalent as to whether student-athletes experience more or less psychological distress than their non-athlete peers. To address this gap, the purpose of the current study was to measure the levels of psychological distress in a national sample of 284 university student-athletes. Each athlete completed the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6; Kessler et al., 2002) via a secure online platform. The average score on the K6 for student-athletes was 8.2 out of 24; 19.8% of the sample surpassed the cut-off for assessing the prevalence of severe mental illness. A regression analysis found that gender, starting status, and scholarship status significantly predicted levels of psychological distress. Females, non-starters, and student-athletes without a scholarship were associated with increases in K6 scores.

scholarly journals Psychological Distress and Heart Disease Mortality in the United States: Results from the 1997-2014 NHIS-NDI Record Linkage Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunjung Lee ◽  
Gopal K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Global Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Serious Psychological Distress ◽  
Disease Mortality ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Distress Scale

Objective: Despite the long-term decline, heart disease has remained the leading cause of death in the United States (US) over the past eight decades, accounting for 23% of all deaths in 2017. Although psychological distress has been associated with cardiovascular disease mortality, the relationship between different psychological distress levels and heart disease mortality in the US has not been analyzed in detail. Using a national longitudinal dataset, we examined the association between levels of psychological distress and US heart disease mortality. Methods: We analyzed the Kessler 6-item psychological distress scale as a risk factor for heart disease mortality using the pooled 1997-2014 data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) linked to National Death Index (NDI) (N=513,081). Cox proportional hazards regression was used to model survival time as a function of psychological distress and sociodemographic and behavioral covariates. Results: In Cox models with 18 years of mortality follow-up, the heart disease mortality risk was 121% higher (hazard ratio [HR]=2.21; 95% CI=1.99,2.45) in adults with serious psychological distress (SPD) (p<0.001), controlling for age, and 96% higher (HR=1.96; 95% CI=1.77,2.18) in adults with SPD (p<0.001), controlling for age, gender, race/ethnicity, immigrant status, education, marital status, poverty status, housing tenure, and geographic region when compared with adults without psychological distress. The relative risk of heart disease mortality associated with SPD decreased but remained significant (HR=1.14, 95% CI=1.02,1.28) after controlling for additional covariates of smoking, alcohol consumption, self-assessed health, activity limitation, and body mass index. There was a dose-response relationship, with relative risks of heart disease mortality increasing consistently at higher levels of psychological distress. Moreover, the association varied significantly by gender and race/ethnicity. The relative risk of heart disease mortality for those who experienced SPD was 2.42 for non-Hispanic Whites and 1.76 for non-Hispanic Blacks, compared with their counterparts who did not experience psychological distress. Conclusions and Global Health Implications: US adults with serious psychological distress had statistically significantly higher heart disease mortality risks than those without psychological distress. These findings underscore the significance of addressing psychological well-being in the population as a strategy for reducing heart disease mortality. Key words: • Psychological Distress • Heart Disease Mortality • NHIS-NDI • Longitudinal • Social Determinants   Copyright © 2020 Lee and Singh. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in this journal, is properly cited.

scholarly journals Online peer support for mental health problems in the United States: 2004–2010

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 2277-2288 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. DeAndrea ◽  
J. C. Anthony
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Peer Support ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Serious Psychological Distress ◽  
Nationally Representative

BackgroundHelp seeking for online peer and other social support in response to depression and other mental health problems offers an electronic technology alternative to traditional mental health care. Here, with nationally representative samples of adult community residents in the USA, we study online peer support help seeking, estimate its occurrence, and investigate depression and other suspected predictors and correlates, some of which might prove to be causal influences.MethodThe data are from nationally representative probability sample surveys of the non-institutionalized US adult population, with a new independent sample assessed via confidential computerized self-assessment modules each year from 2004 to 2010, yielding estimates about online peer support. A total of 264 431 adults participated in these years.ResultsAn estimated three per 1000 adults (0.3%) seek online peer support for mental health problems each year (95% confidence interval 0.0022–0.0036). Individuals with depression and/or serious psychological distress are strongly over-represented among these adult online peer support help seekers (odds ratio >7,p < 0.001). Associations with college education, being non-Hispanic white, being female, and age are also noteworthy (p < 0.05).ConclusionsOnline help seeking for mental health social support is becoming frequent enough for study in large sample national surveys, and might well be fostered by active neuropsychiatric ailments such as depression or other serious psychological distress. Open questions remain about whether the result is beneficial, or conditions required for efficacious online peer support, as might be disclosed in definitive evidence from randomized controlled trials.

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